CN112209768B - Method for producing alginic acid fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for producing alginic acid fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112209768B CN112209768B CN202011143096.9A CN202011143096A CN112209768B CN 112209768 B CN112209768 B CN 112209768B CN 202011143096 A CN202011143096 A CN 202011143096A CN 112209768 B CN112209768 B CN 112209768B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and discloses a method for producing alginic acid fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: 1) drying the seaweed, crushing the seaweed in a crusher, then carrying out steam explosion pretreatment, then carrying out steam explosion, and collecting the explosion substances; adding the blasting substance into water of which the weight is 5-10 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material; 2) inoculating the bacillus pumilus seed liquid into a fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 4-6%, fermenting and culturing for 4-8h, then inoculating the rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 8-12%, and continuing fermenting and culturing for 20-30h to obtain the liquid alginic acid fertilizer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological fermentation, and particularly relates to a method for producing alginic acid fertilizer.
Background
Alginic acid is a natural polysaccharide, the chemical composition of the alginic acid is a linear copolymer formed by 1, 4 bonding of Lu-D-mannuronic acid (M) and a-L-guluronic acid (G), and the content of G and M in the alginic acid has obvious influence on the gelling performance of fibers. Alginic acid exists in cytoplasm in a natural state and acts to strengthen cell walls. Alginic acid combines with various cations in seawater to form various alginates. The extract obtained from seaweed is usually sodium alginate. Sodium alginate has the characteristics of thickening, suspending, emulsifying, stabilizing, gel forming, film forming and spinning fiber, and has long-term and wide application in the industries of food, paper making, cosmetics and the like. In recent years, alginic acid has found important use in the field of fertilizers.
The effective components and active substances of the seaweed reach more than 66 types, and can provide various nutrient elements, various amino acids, polysaccharide, vitamins, cytokinin and the like for vegetables. The vegetable root growth regulator can help vegetables to establish a robust root system, improve the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients, water and gas, increase stem vascular bundle cells and accelerate the transportation of water, nutrients and photosynthetic organic products; the contained cytokinin and the like can promote cell division, delay cell aging and effectively improve the photosynthetic efficiency, thereby achieving the improvement of yield and quality; cold resistance, drought resistance and disease resistance are improved. In addition, alginic acid also has the effects of breaking soil hardening and delaying salinization. At present, three phyla of brown algae, red algae and green algae are mainly used for producing fertilizers, wherein the most common seaweed fertilizer raw materials are wild or cultured seaweeds such as phyllostachys angustifolia, kelp and gulfweed of the phyla of brown algae, and different seaweeds have different growth environments and are rich in active substances.
The existing process for producing the seaweed fertilizer mainly adopts physical crushing and chemical extraction methods. The chemical extraction is to treat the seaweed cells by using acid, alkali and an organic solvent to digest the cells or solubilize endogenous substances, the method is simple and easy to operate, but chemical reagents greatly damage active substances in the seaweed cells, the effect of later-stage processing and fertilizer preparation is seriously influenced, and residual reagents are easy to cause potential harm to the environment. The physical extraction method mainly utilizes a high-pressure low-temperature cooling technology to break the cell walls of the seaweed, has strict requirements on instruments and equipment and higher cost, is difficult to realize large-scale production, and most of the released seaweed active substances exist as macromolecules and are not easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops. The biological enzymolysis method is characterized in that various enzymes generated by microbial fermentation are utilized to degrade seaweed macromolecular substances into micromolecular substances which are easy to absorb and utilize by plants, the method is mild in production conditions, the product is safe, environment-friendly, free of toxic and side effects and pollution-free, bioactive components and nutrient substances in seaweed can be retained to the maximum extent, and the method is the most ideal production method of the seaweed fertilizer.
Patent technology 'CN 110183266A' discloses a biological fertilizer containing alginic acid, which adopts a combined enzymolysis mode of pectinase, cellulase, alginate lyase, protease, chitinase and other complex enzymes to prepare alginic acid, and the degree of alginic acid enzymolysis is not described, and the enzyme preparation is expensive and high in cost, and is not beneficial to use in fertilizers.
Chinese patent 'CN 103710281A' discloses a seaweed fertilizer prepared by degrading seaweed with Bacillus mucilaginosus, and the content of each active substance is detected, wherein, the alginic acid is 6-7g/L, and the content is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing alginic acid fertilizer.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A method for producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
1) drying the seaweed, crushing the seaweed in a crusher, then carrying out steam explosion pretreatment, then carrying out steam explosion, and collecting the explosion substances; adding the blasting substance into water of which the weight is 5-10 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride of which the final concentration is 10-20g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
2) inoculating the bacillus pumilus seed liquid into a fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 4-6%, fermenting and culturing for 4-8h, then inoculating the rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 8-12%, and continuing fermenting and culturing for 20-30h to obtain the liquid alginic acid fertilizer.
Further, the parameters of the steam explosion pretreatment are as follows: the pressure is 1.2MPa, and the retention time is 10 min.
Further, the concentration of the Bacillus pumilus seed liquid is 1 × 109cfu/mL。
Further, the concentration of the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid is 1 x 109cfu/mL。
Further, the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Further, the method further comprises: the liquid alginic acid fertilizer is prepared into fertilizer dry powder by freeze drying.
Further, the seaweed is selected from wakame seaweed or kelp.
The beneficial effects achieved by the invention include but are not limited to the following aspects:
the steam explosion treatment is simple and feasible, the algae structure can be quickly destroyed, and the algae wall breaking rate reaches more than 90%.
According to the invention, the exploded algae powder is biologically treated, and ammonium chloride is used as an inorganic nitrogen source, so that effective substances in algae cells are fully released. Tests show that the sequential inoculation mode of bacillus pumilus and rhodococcus erythropolis is the best, and the main indexes of alginic acid, gibberellin and indoleacetic acid are obviously superior to those of comparative examples 1-5.
Detailed Description
Those skilled in the art can modify the process parameters appropriately to achieve the desired results with reference to the disclosure herein. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications which would be obvious to one skilled in the art are deemed to be included in the invention. While the products and methods of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations and modifications, or appropriate alterations and combinations, of the products and methods described herein may be made and utilized without departing from the spirit, scope, and spirit of the invention. For a further understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples.
Example 1
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, fermented and cultured for 6 hours, and then the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 24h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Example 2
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
drying the kelp, crushing the kelp in a crusher, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.1MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion substances; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 12g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 6 percent, fermented and cultured for 8 hours, and then the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 30h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 160 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.05 MPa.
Example 3
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, fermented and cultured for 6 hours, and then the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 24h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer; and (3) freeze-drying the liquid alginic acid fertilizer to prepare dry fertilizer powder.
The parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Example 4
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
drying the kelp, crushing the kelp in a crusher, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.1MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion substances; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 12g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 6 percent, fermented and cultured for 8 hours, and then the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 30h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer; and (3) freeze-drying the liquid alginic acid fertilizer to prepare dry fertilizer powder.
The parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 160 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.05 MPa.
Comparative example 1
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, and fermentation culture is carried out for 30 hours to obtain the liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Comparative example 2
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
inoculating Rhodococcus erythropolis seed solution (concentration of 1 × 10) according to the inoculation amount of 10%9cfu/mL), fermenting and culturing for 30h to obtain liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Comparative example 3
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL), Rhodococcus erythropolis seed solution (concentration 1X 10)9cfu/mL) were 5% and 10%, respectivelySequentially inoculating the inoculation amount into fermentation raw materials, and performing fermentation culture for 30h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Comparative example 4
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
mixing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens seed solution (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, fermented and cultured for 6 hours, and then the Rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 24h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Comparative example 5
A method of producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
air drying Undaria Pinnatifida, pulverizing in a pulverizer, performing steam explosion pretreatment under the conditions of 1.2MPa of pressure and 10min of residence time, then performing explosion, and collecting the explosion product; adding the blasting substance into water with the weight 5 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride with the final concentration of 10g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
bacillus pumilus seed liquid (concentration of 1 × 10)9cfu/mL) is inoculated into the fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 5 percent, fermented and cultured for 6 hours, and then the rhodococcus equi seed liquid (the concentration is 1 multiplied by 10) is inoculated according to the inoculation amount of 10 percent9cfu/mL), and continuously fermenting and culturing for 24h to obtain a liquid alginic acid fertilizer;
the parameters of the fermentation culture are as follows: the fermentation temperature was 32 ℃, the pH was controlled at 7.0, and the stirring speed was 180 rpm. The ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
Example 5
The effect of different strains and combinations on the components of the liquid fertilizer.
Main indexes of alginic acid, gibberellin and indoleacetic acid are detected, and are specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Alginic acid g/L | Gibberellin ppm | Indole acetic acid ppm | |
| Example 1 | 8.9 | 436 | 679 |
| Comparative example 1 | 5.1 | 345 | 521 |
| Comparative example 2 | 4.3 | 336 | 506 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7.8 | 395 | 633 |
| Comparative example 4 | 7.5 | 401 | 618 |
| Comparative example 5 | 6.9 | 416 | 594 |
Tests conducted by factors such as a single strain, different strain combinations, strain inoculation time and the like show that the bacillus pumilus and the rhodococcus erythropolis are inoculated in sequence in the best mode in the example 1, and main indexes of alginic acid, gibberellin and indoleacetic acid are obviously superior to those of the comparative examples 1-5.
Example 6
The liquid fertilizer prepared in example-2 was used for fertilizer efficiency test.
Taking sweet potatoes as an example, a test is carried out in a test planting base of crops in Hui city, 30 mu of areas with completely the same soil conditions are selected, and on the premise that the water and fertilizer management conditions are completely the same, 10 mu of land is sprayed with the liquid fertilizer of the embodiment 1, 10 mu of land is sprayed with the liquid fertilizer of the embodiment 2, and the comparison group is as follows: spraying equal amount of water on 10 mu of land.
50kg of the fertilizer is sprayed on each mu of land, and the spraying time is the leaf filling period.
The yield of the sweet potato planting area using the liquid fertilizer in the embodiment 1-2 is increased by 10-12% compared with that of the control group, and the yield per mu is increased by 250-300kg calculated by 2500kg per mu of the control group, so that the income of farmers is increased.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for producing an alginic acid fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
1) drying the seaweed, crushing the seaweed in a crusher, then carrying out steam explosion pretreatment, then carrying out steam explosion, and collecting the explosion substances; adding the blasting substance into water of which the weight is 5-10 times that of the blasting substance, adding ammonium chloride of which the final concentration is 10-20g/L, and uniformly stirring to obtain a fermentation raw material;
2) inoculating the bacillus pumilus seed liquid into a fermentation raw material according to the inoculation amount of 4-6%, fermenting and culturing for 4-8h, then inoculating the rhodococcus erythropolis seed liquid according to the inoculation amount of 8-12%, and continuing fermenting and culturing for 20-30h to obtain the liquid alginic acid fertilizer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the steam explosion pretreatment are: the pressure is 1.2MPa, and the retention time is 10 min.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the Bacillus pumilus seed fluid is present at a concentration of 1 x 109cfu/mL。
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of said Rhodococcus erythropolis seed fluid is 1 x 109cfu/mL。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the fermentation culture are: the fermentation temperature is 32 ℃, the pH is controlled to be 7.0, the stirring speed is 180rpm,
the ventilation volume is 1:0.8, and the tank pressure is 0.04 MPa.
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: the liquid alginic acid fertilizer is prepared into fertilizer dry powder by freeze drying.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the seaweed is selected from the group consisting of undaria pinnatifida and kelp.
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