CN112205543A - 一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料及其制备方法,包括如下质量百分比的原料:小麦21‑23%、细米糠6‑10%、山药皮粉0.5‑1%、豆油1‑3%、鱼油1‑3%、豆粕8‑15%、菜粕15‑20%、棉粕8‑20%、发酵菜粕4‑9%、葵花籽粕3‑8%、鱼粉3‑8%、鸡肉粉3‑7%、磷酸二氢钙1.8‑2.2%、沸石粉1‑2.5%、维生素预混料0.15‑0.2%、维生素C0.1‑0.3%、矿物质预混料1.0%、赖氨酸0.1‑0.3%、抗氧化剂0.01%、防霉剂0.1%,将小麦、细米糠、山药皮粉、豆油、鱼油、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、发酵菜粕、葵花籽粕、鱼粉、鸡肉粉、磷酸二氢钙、沸石粉、维生素预混料、维生素C、矿物质预混料、赖氨酸、防霉剂按一定比例经膨化料生产加工流程混合均匀后再经高温高压熟化制成鳊鱼膨化浮性料,制备的鳊鱼膨化浮性料营养全面均衡、水中稳定性好,具备保肝抗应激功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及饲料加工技术领域,具体为一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料及其制备方法。
背景技术
鳊鱼(Parabramis pekinensis)是脊索动物门、硬骨鱼纲、鲤形目、鲤科、鳊属。鳊鱼属于中下层鱼类,传统的人工养殖方式主要还是以投喂沉性硬颗粒饲料为主,不仅不利于观察鱼的实际摄食量而且极易造成饲料浪费和水体污染。《2020年渔业统计年鉴》显示2019年我国淡水鱼养殖总量为2548万吨,其中鳊鱼养殖总量为76.3万吨,占我国淡水鱼总养殖量的2.99%。鳊鱼庞大的养殖量也带动了鳊鱼饲料行业的快速发展。
近年来随着国内鳊鱼养殖量和养殖密度的增加,养殖水环境逐渐变差,再加上因价格战原因,市场劣势鳊鱼饲料较多,导致鳊鱼对天气、水环境和捕捞等的抗应激能力下降,尤其表现为:高温期鳊鱼容易出现体色偏黄或偏红、体表粘液偏少、鱼体鳞片松动和脱落、脂肪肝等现象。这些现象进一步导致鳊鱼生长速度减慢、成活率降低、卖相变差、卖价偏低,最终导致养殖户养殖成本增加,养殖信心受挫。研究表明,由于近几年鳊鱼鱼病较往年偏多,养殖户滥用水产药物(抗生素、消毒剂、杀虫剂)现象严重,导致鳊鱼肝脏问题(脂肪肝等)较多,抗应激能力偏差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料及其制备方法,制备的鳊鱼膨化浮性料营养全面均衡、水中稳定性好,具备保肝抗应激功能,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料,包括如下质量百分比的原料:小麦21-23%、细米糠6-10%、山药皮粉0.5-1%、豆油1-3%、鱼油1-3%、豆粕8-15%、菜粕15-20%、棉粕8-20%、发酵菜粕4-9%、葵花籽粕3-8%、鱼粉3-8%、鸡肉粉3-7%、磷酸二氢钙1.8-2.2%、沸石粉1-2.5%、维生素预混料0.15-0.2%、维生素C0.1-0.3%、矿物质预混料1.0%、赖氨酸0.1-0.3%、抗氧化剂0.01%、防霉剂0.1%。
山药皮粉含有多糖类、黄酮类、皂苷类、多酚类和尿囊素等活性物质。山药多糖主要成分是甘露糖、***糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖等,有降低血糖、调节免疫、消除氧自由基、保护肝脏的作用;黄酮有抗氧化、改善血液循环、降低胆固醇、抑制炎性生物酶渗出等作用;皂苷具有抗菌消炎作用;山药皮的多酚也具有保肝抗氧化和抗应激作用;尿囊素有抗应激、消炎抑菌、促进伤口愈合的作用。
进一步地,所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉、丁羟甲苯中的一种。
进一步地,所述防霉剂为丙酸钙、丙酸钠、丙酸钾中的一种。
本发明还提供另一种技术方案:一种根据权利要求1所述的保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:一次配料:除鱼油、大豆油、磷酸二氢钙、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、防霉剂和维生素C以外的所有原料按比例配料,然后混合均匀;
步骤2:粉碎:采用超微粉碎机,确保上述混合原料95%以上过80目;
步骤3:二次配料:磷酸二氢钙、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、防霉剂、维生素C等按一定比例配料,然后混合均匀;
步骤4:调质:蒸汽压力0.85MPa,调质温度100℃,调质时间120s;
步骤5:膨化制粒:安德里茨单螺杆膨化机,膨化温度120℃;
步骤6:烘干:温度110℃;
步骤7:过筛、冷却打包:过筛后得到粒径均匀、熟化度>95%的保肝抗应激的鳊鱼膨化浮性饲料。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
采用本工艺制备的饲料含有山药皮粉和外加的维生素C等功能性物质,具有营养全面均衡、抗营养因子含量极低、水中稳定性强、保存时间久,具有显著保肝抗应激功能的特点。
具体实施方式
以下将详细说明本发明实施例,然而,本发明实施例并不以此为限。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种保肝抗应激的鳊鱼功能性饲料,具体原料组分如下:210kg小麦、90kg细米糠、8kg山药皮粉、15kg豆油、15kg鱼油、90kg豆粕、172kg菜粕、150kg棉粕、80kg发酵菜粕、50kg葵花籽粕、35kg鱼粉、35kg鸡肉粉、20kg磷酸二氢钙、15kg沸石粉、1.5kg维生素预混料、1kg维生素C、10kg矿物质预混料、1.5kg赖氨酸、0.1kg抗氧化剂、1kg防霉剂,按上述膨化浮性饲料加工技术制成具备保肝抗应激功能的鳊鱼功能性饲料。
抗氧化剂选用乙氧基喹啉,防霉剂选用丙酸钙。
实施例2
一种保肝抗应激的鳊鱼功能性饲料,具体原料组分如下:220kg小麦、80kg细米糠、10kg山药皮粉、20kg豆油、10kg鱼油、90kg豆粕、190kg菜粕、121kg棉粕、60kg发酵菜粕、60kg葵花籽粕、45kg鱼粉、40kg鸡肉粉、18kg磷酸二氢钙、20kg沸石粉、2kg维生素预混料、2kg维生素C、10kg矿物质预混料、1kg赖氨酸、0.1kg抗氧化剂、1kg防霉剂,按上述膨化浮性饲料加工技术制成具备保肝抗应激功能的鳊鱼功能性饲料。
抗氧化剂选用乙氧基喹啉,防霉剂选用丙酸钠。
实施例3
一种保肝抗应激的鳊鱼功能性饲料,具体原料组分如下:230kg小麦、85kg细米糠、9kg山药皮粉、18kg豆油、12kg鱼油、100kg豆粕、153kg菜粕、118kg棉粕、50kg发酵菜粕、80kg葵花籽粕、50kg鱼粉、40kg鸡肉粉、19kg磷酸二氢钙、20kg沸石粉、1.5kg维生素预混料、2.5kg维生素C、10kg矿物质预混料、1kg赖氨酸、0.1kg抗氧化剂、1kg防霉剂,按上述膨化浮性饲料加工技术制成具备保肝抗应激功能的鳊鱼功能性饲料。
抗氧化剂选用丁羟甲苯,防霉剂选用丙酸钠。
实施例4
一种保肝抗应激的鳊鱼功能性饲料,具体原料组分如下:215kg小麦、75kg细米糠、10kg山药皮粉、20kg豆油、10kg鱼油、150kg豆粕、200kg菜粕、80kg棉粕、55kg发酵菜粕、45kg葵花籽粕、60kg鱼粉、30kg鸡肉粉、18kg磷酸二氢钙、15kg沸石粉、2kg维生素预混料、3kg维生素C、10kg矿物质预混料、1kg赖氨酸、0.1kg抗氧化剂、1kg防霉剂,按上述膨化浮性饲料加工技术制成具备保肝抗应激功能的鳊鱼功能性饲料。
抗氧化剂选用丁羟甲氧苯,防霉剂选用丙酸钾。
试验例
在安徽省池州市一养殖户水库网箱内开展实验,选择同一水库内的20个养殖网箱(网箱规格为6m×6m×3.5m,间距为2.5m),随机分配为5个处理组(4个重复/组),放养数量均为3150尾/网箱,处理组一实验网箱编号为1、3、5、7,每天按实例1的鳊鱼功能性饲料进行投喂;处理组二实验网箱编号为9、11、13、15,每天按实例2的鳊鱼功能性饲料进行投喂;处理组三实验缸编号为2、4、6、8,每天按实例3的鳊鱼功能性饲料进行投喂;处理组四实验缸编号为17、18、19、20,每天按实例4的鳊鱼功能性饲料进行投喂;处理组五对照缸编号为8、10、12、14,每天仅投喂普通的鳊鱼商品颗粒料。结果比较:由2月养殖到8月约210天,观察记录每个网箱健康状况,称量每个网箱鳊鱼总重、鳊鱼总数,计算其平均规格及成活率;同时统计每个养殖网箱的饲料投喂量,计算饲料系数。下表为鳊鱼网箱养殖效果统计表:实验结果如表1所示。
表1鳊鱼网箱养殖试验数据
从表1可直接看出,处理组一的成活率为95.33%,处理组二的成活率为94.85%,处理组三的成活率为95.26%,处理组四的成活率为94.69%,处理组五的成活率为90.88%,处理组一的成活率较处理组五成活率提高了4.45%,处理组二的成活率较处理组五成活率提高了3.97%,处理组三的成活率较处理组五成活率提高了4.38%,处理组四的成活率较处理组五成活率提高了3.81%,(处理组五中主要因养殖过程中出现肝脏问题和高温及捕捞应激而死亡数量较多);处理组一的出鱼量为1801.73kg/网箱,处理组二的出鱼量为1717.97kg/网箱,处理组三的出鱼量为1770.41kg/缸,处理组四的出鱼量为1774.73kg/网箱,处理组五的出鱼量为1502.93kg/网箱,处理组一的单个网箱出鱼量比处理组五提高了19.88%,处理组二的单个网箱出鱼量比处理组五提高了14.31%,处理组三的单个网箱出鱼量比处理组五提高了17.8%,处理组四的单个网箱出鱼量比处理组五提高了18.08%;同时处理组一的饲料系数为1.52,较处理组五的饲料系数降低0.26,处理组二的饲料系数为1.55,较处理组五的饲料系数降低0.23,处理组三的饲料系数为1.50,较处理组五的饲料系数降低0.28,处理组四的饲料系数为1.57,较处理组五的饲料系数降低0.21,说明本发明处理组一、处理组二、处理组三、处理组四使用的4组保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料有助于鳊鱼成活率和养殖产量的提高,同时也能降低饲料系数,降低养殖成本。
将鳊鱼饲料中添加一些功能性原料,再经过全熟化膨化料生产工艺灭菌制粒,所制得的膨化浮性料:营养全面均衡、细菌数量大大减少,抗营养因子含量大幅降低,水中稳定性增强,保存时间长,在一定程度上可显著增强鳊鱼肝脏健康和提高鳊鱼抗应激能力。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (4)
1.一种保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料,其特征在于,包括如下质量百分比的原料:小麦21-23%、细米糠6-10%、山药皮粉0.5-1%、豆油1-3%、鱼油1-3%、豆粕8-15%、菜粕15-20%、棉粕8-20%、发酵菜粕4-9%、葵花籽粕3-8%、鱼粉3-8%、鸡肉粉3-7%、磷酸二氢钙1.8-2.2%、沸石粉1-2.5%、维生素预混料0.15-0.2%、维生素C0.1-0.3%、矿物质预混料1.0%、赖氨酸0.1-0.3%、抗氧化剂0.01%、防霉剂0.1%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料,其特征在于,所述抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉、丁羟甲苯中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料,其特征在于,所述防霉剂为丙酸钙、丙酸钠、丙酸钾中的一种。
4.一种根据权利要求1所述的保肝抗应激鳊鱼膨化浮性料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:一次配料:除鱼油、大豆油、磷酸二氢钙、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、防霉剂和维生素C以外的所有原料按比例配料,然后混合均匀;
步骤2:粉碎:采用超微粉碎机,确保上述混合原料95%以上过80目;
步骤3:二次配料:磷酸二氢钙、矿物质预混料、维生素预混料、防霉剂、维生素C等按一定比例配料,然后混合均匀;
步骤4:调质:蒸汽压力0.85MPa,调质温度100℃,调质时间120s;
步骤5:膨化制粒:安德里茨单螺杆膨化机,膨化温度120℃;
步骤6:烘干:温度110℃;
步骤7:过筛、冷却打包:过筛后得到粒径均匀、熟化度>95%的保肝抗应激的鳊鱼膨化浮性饲料。
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