CN112205543A - Liver-protecting anti-stress expanded bream floating material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Liver-protecting anti-stress expanded bream floating material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241001519451 Abramis brama Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000002180 anti-stress Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019779 Rapeseed Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004456 rapeseed meal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000019742 Vitamins premix Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001275902 Parabramis pekinensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylhydroxytoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010354 butylated hydroxytoluene Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940095259 butylated hydroxytoluene Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium propanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCC([O-])=O BWILYWWHXDGKQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010332 potassium propionate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004331 potassium propionate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940062672 calcium dihydrogen phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
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- POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N allantoin Chemical compound NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229960000458 allantoin Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004255 Butylated hydroxyanisole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000251556 Chordata Species 0.000 description 1
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N D-mannopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-QTVWNMPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241001275896 Parabramis Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019282 butylated hydroxyanisole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylated hydroxyanisole Chemical group COC1=CC=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1.COC1=CC=C(O)C=C1C(C)(C)C CZBZUDVBLSSABA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043253 butylated hydroxyanisole Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002212 flavone derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002757 inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003097 mucus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxygen free radical Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a liver-protecting anti-stress bream expanded floating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the liver-protecting anti-stress bream expanded floating material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 21-23% of wheat, 6-10% of fine rice bran, 0.5-1% of Chinese yam hull powder, 1-3% of soybean oil, 1-3% of fish oil, 8-15% of soybean meal, 15-20% of rapeseed meal, 8-20% of cottonseed meal, 4-9% of fermented rapeseed meal, 3-8% of sunflower seed meal, 3-8% of fish meal, 3-7% of chicken meal, 1.8-2.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2.5% of zeolite powder, 0.15-0.2% of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.3% of vitamin C, 1.0% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.3% of lysine, 0.01% of antioxidant, 0.1% of mildew preventive, and the mixture of wheat, fine rice bran, Chinese yam hull powder, soybean oil, fish oil, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, fermented rapeseed meal, sunflower seed meal, fish meal, chicken meal, monocalcium phosphate, zeolite powder, vitamin premix, vitamin C, vitamin, The mineral premix, the lysine and the mildew preventive are uniformly mixed through a production and processing flow of the expanded material according to a certain proportion and then are cured at high temperature and high pressure to prepare the expanded floating bream material, and the prepared expanded floating bream material has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, good stability in water and liver protection and anti-stress functions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a liver-protecting anti-stress bream expanded floating material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Bream (Parabramis pekinensis) is in the phylum chordata, class Osteichthyes, order Cyprinales, family Cyprinaceae, and genus Parabramis. Bream belongs to middle and lower floor's fish, and traditional artificial breeding mode is mainly still to be given the hard pellet feed of nature of throwing something and feeding and is given first place to, not only is unfavorable for observing the actual food intake of fish but also very easily causes the extravagant and water pollution of fodder. The '2020 fishery statistics yearbook' shows that the total amount of freshwater fish culture in China in 2019 is 2548 ten thousand tons, wherein the total amount of bream culture is 76.3 thousand tons, and accounts for 2.99% of the total amount of freshwater fish culture in China. The huge culture quantity of the bream also drives the rapid development of the bream feed industry.
In recent years, with the increase of domestic bream culture quantity and culture density, culture water environment gradually becomes worse, and due to price war reasons, market inferior bream feed is more, so that the anti-stress capability of the bream to weather, water environment, fishing and the like is reduced, and the method is particularly shown as follows: the bream is easy to have the phenomena of yellow or red body color, little mucus on the body surface, loose and falling scales of fish bodies, fatty liver and the like in a high-temperature period. These phenomena further cause the growth speed of bream to be slow, the survival rate to be reduced, the selling phase to be poor and the selling price to be low, and finally cause the raising cost of farmers to be increased and the raising confidence to be frustrated. Research shows that more bream diseases are caused in recent years, and aquatic drugs (antibiotics, disinfectants and pesticides) are abused by farmers seriously, so that more bream liver problems (fatty liver and the like) are caused, and the stress resistance of the bream is deviated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bream expanded floating material with liver protection and stress resistance and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the liver-protecting anti-stress expanded bream floating material comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 21-23% of wheat, 6-10% of fine rice bran, 0.5-1% of Chinese yam hull powder, 1-3% of soybean oil, 1-3% of fish oil, 8-15% of soybean meal, 15-20% of rapeseed meal, 8-20% of cottonseed meal, 4-9% of fermented rapeseed meal, 3-8% of sunflower seed meal, 3-8% of fish meal, 3-7% of chicken meal, 1.8-2.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2.5% of zeolite powder, 0.15-0.2% of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.3% of vitamin C, 1.0% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.3% of lysine, 0.01% of antioxidant and 0.1% of mildew preventive.
The rhizoma Dioscoreae skin powder contains active substances such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins, polyphenols and allantoin. The rhizoma Dioscoreae polysaccharide mainly contains mannose, arabinose, glucose, galactose, etc., and has effects of lowering blood sugar, regulating immunity, eliminating oxygen free radical, and protecting liver; the flavone has effects of resisting oxidation, improving blood circulation, reducing cholesterol, and inhibiting inflammatory biological enzyme exudation; the saponin has antibacterial and antiinflammatory effects; the polyphenol of the yam peel also has the effects of protecting liver, resisting oxidation and resisting stress; allantoin has anti-stress, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing effects.
Further, the antioxidant is one of ethoxyquinoline and butylated hydroxytoluene.
Further, the mildew preventive is one of calcium propionate, sodium propionate and potassium propionate.
The invention also provides another technical scheme: the preparation method of the liver-protecting anti-stress expanded parabramis pekinensis floating material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: primary burdening: all the raw materials except the fish oil, the soybean oil, the monocalcium phosphate, the mineral premix, the vitamin premix, the mildew preventive and the vitamin C are proportioned and then uniformly mixed;
step 2: crushing: adopting an ultrafine pulverizer to ensure that more than 95% of the mixed raw materials pass through a 80-mesh screen;
and step 3: secondary burdening: calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral premix, vitamin premix, mildew preventive, vitamin C and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly mixed;
and 4, step 4: tempering: steam pressure is 0.85MPa, hardening and tempering temperature is 100 ℃, and hardening and tempering time is 120 s;
and 5: puffing and granulating: an Andrews single screw bulking machine, wherein the bulking temperature is 120 ℃;
step 6: drying: the temperature is 110 ℃;
and 7: sieving, cooling and packaging: sieving to obtain the liver-protecting anti-stress bream expanded floating feed with uniform particle size and curing degree of more than 95%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed prepared by the process contains the yam peel powder and additional functional substances such as vitamin C and the like, has the characteristics of comprehensive and balanced nutrition, extremely low anti-nutritional factor content, strong stability in water, long storage time and remarkable liver protection and anti-stress functions.
Detailed Description
The following examples will explain the present invention in detail, however, the present invention is not limited thereto. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A liver-protecting anti-stress bream functional feed comprises the following specific raw material components: 210kg of wheat, 90kg of fine rice bran, 8kg of Chinese yam hull powder, 15kg of soybean oil, 15kg of fish oil, 90kg of soybean meal, 172kg of rapeseed meal, 150kg of cottonseed meal, 80kg of fermented rapeseed meal, 50kg of sunflower seed meal, 35kg of fish meal, 35kg of chicken meal, 20kg of monocalcium phosphate, 15kg of zeolite powder, 1.5kg of vitamin premix, 1kg of vitamin C, 10kg of mineral premix, 1.5kg of lysine, 0.1kg of antioxidant and 1kg of mildew preventive, and the bream functional feed with the functions of protecting the liver and resisting stress is prepared according to the processing technology of the expanded floating feed.
The antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline, and the mildew preventive is calcium propionate.
Example 2
A liver-protecting anti-stress bream functional feed comprises the following specific raw material components: 220kg of wheat, 80kg of fine rice bran, 10kg of Chinese yam hull powder, 20kg of soybean oil, 10kg of fish oil, 90kg of soybean meal, 190kg of rapeseed meal, 121kg of cottonseed meal, 60kg of fermented rapeseed meal, 60kg of sunflower seed meal, 45kg of fish meal, 40kg of chicken meal, 18kg of monocalcium phosphate, 20kg of zeolite powder, 2kg of vitamin premix, 2kg of vitamin C, 10kg of mineral premix, 1kg of lysine, 0.1kg of antioxidant and 1kg of mildew preventive.
The antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline, and the mildew preventive is sodium propionate.
Example 3
A liver-protecting anti-stress bream functional feed comprises the following specific raw material components: 230kg of wheat, 85kg of fine rice bran, 9kg of Chinese yam hull powder, 18kg of soybean oil, 12kg of fish oil, 100kg of soybean meal, 153kg of rapeseed meal, 118kg of cottonseed meal, 50kg of fermented rapeseed meal, 80kg of sunflower seed meal, 50kg of fish meal, 40kg of chicken meal, 19kg of monocalcium phosphate, 20kg of zeolite powder, 1.5kg of vitamin premix, 2.5kg of vitamin C, 10kg of mineral premix, 1kg of lysine, 0.1kg of antioxidant and 1kg of mildew preventive.
The antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene, and the mildew preventive is sodium propionate.
Example 4
A liver-protecting anti-stress bream functional feed comprises the following specific raw material components: 215kg of wheat, 75kg of fine rice bran, 10kg of Chinese yam hull powder, 20kg of soybean oil, 10kg of fish oil, 150kg of soybean meal, 200kg of rapeseed meal, 80kg of cottonseed meal, 55kg of fermented rapeseed meal, 45kg of sunflower seed meal, 60kg of fish meal, 30kg of chicken meal, 18kg of monocalcium phosphate, 15kg of zeolite powder, 2kg of vitamin premix, 3kg of vitamin C, 10kg of mineral premix, 1kg of lysine, 0.1kg of antioxidant and 1kg of mildew preventive.
The antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole, and the mildew preventive is potassium propionate.
Test examples
Performing experiments in net cages of reservoirs of farmers in Pond of Anhui province, selecting 20 cultivation net cages (the specification of the net cages is 6m multiplied by 3.5m, the distance is 2.5m) in the same reservoir, randomly distributing the net cages into 5 treatment groups (4 repeated groups), wherein the stocking number is 3150 tails per net cage, the numbers of the experimental net cages of the treatment groups are 1, 3, 5 and 7, and feeding the experimental net cages according to the functional bream feed of the example 1 every day; the numbers of the experimental cages of the treatment group II are 9, 11, 13 and 15, and the bream functional feed in the example 2 is fed every day; the numbers of the experimental jars in the treatment groups are 2, 4, 6 and 8, and the bream functional feed in the example 3 is fed every day; the numbers of the four experimental jars of the treatment group are 17, 18, 19 and 20, and the bream functional feed is fed according to the example 4 every day; the five control cylinders of the treatment groups are numbered as 8, 10, 12 and 14, and only common bream commercial granules are fed every day. And (4) comparing the results: observing and recording the health condition of each net cage from 2 months to 8 months for about 210 days, weighing the total weight of bream and the total number of bream in each net cage, and calculating the average specification and survival rate of the bream; and meanwhile, the feed feeding amount of each aquaculture net cage is counted, and the feed coefficient is calculated. The following table is a statistical table of the bream cage culture effect: the results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
Table 1 bream cage culture test data
As can be seen directly from table 1, the survival rate of the first treatment group is 95.33%, the survival rate of the second treatment group is 94.85%, the survival rate of the third treatment group is 95.26%, the survival rate of the fourth treatment group is 94.69%, the survival rate of the fifth treatment group is 90.88%, the survival rate of the first treatment group is increased by 4.45% compared with the survival rate of the fifth treatment group, the survival rate of the second treatment group is increased by 3.97% compared with the survival rate of the fifth treatment group, the survival rate of the third treatment group is increased by 4.38% compared with the survival rate of the fifth treatment group, the survival rate of the fourth treatment group is increased by 3.81% compared with the survival rate of the fifth treatment group, and the survival rate of the fifth treatment group is increased by more (the survival rate of the fifth treatment group is more due to liver; the fish output of the first treatment group is 1801.73 kg/net cage, the fish output of the second treatment group is 1717.97 kg/net cage, the fish output of the third treatment group is 1770.41 kg/cylinder, the fish output of the fourth treatment group is 1774.73 kg/net cage, the fish output of the fifth treatment group is 1502.93 kg/net cage, the fish output of the single net cage of the first treatment group is improved by 19.88 percent compared with that of the fifth treatment group, the fish output of the single net cage of the second treatment group is improved by 14.31 percent compared with that of the fifth treatment group, the fish output of the single net cage of the third treatment group is improved by 17.8 percent compared with that of the fifth treatment group, and the fish output of the single net cage of the fourth treatment group is improved by 18.08 percent compared with that of the fifth treatment group; meanwhile, the feed coefficient of the first processing group is 1.52, the feed coefficient of the second processing group is 0.26 lower than that of the fifth processing group, the feed coefficient of the second processing group is 1.55, the feed coefficient of the fifth processing group is 0.23 lower than that of the fifth processing group, the feed coefficient of the third processing group is 1.50 lower than that of the fifth processing group by 0.28, the feed coefficient of the fourth processing group is 1.57 lower than that of the fifth processing group, and the feed coefficient of the fifth processing group is 0.21 lower than that of the fifth processing group.
Adding some functional raw materials into the bream feed, and then sterilizing and granulating through a fully-cooked expanded material production process to obtain the expanded floating material: comprehensive and balanced nutrition, greatly reduced bacteria quantity, greatly reduced anti-nutritional factor content, enhanced stability in water, long preservation time, and capability of remarkably enhancing the liver health of the bream and improving the anti-stress capability of the bream to a certain extent.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The liver-protecting anti-stress expanded bream floating material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 21-23% of wheat, 6-10% of fine rice bran, 0.5-1% of Chinese yam hull powder, 1-3% of soybean oil, 1-3% of fish oil, 8-15% of soybean meal, 15-20% of rapeseed meal, 8-20% of cottonseed meal, 4-9% of fermented rapeseed meal, 3-8% of sunflower seed meal, 3-8% of fish meal, 3-7% of chicken meal, 1.8-2.2% of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2.5% of zeolite powder, 0.15-0.2% of vitamin premix, 0.1-0.3% of vitamin C, 1.0% of mineral premix, 0.1-0.3% of lysine, 0.01% of antioxidant and 0.1% of mildew preventive.
2. The expanded and floated bream feed for protecting liver and resisting stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is one of ethoxyquinoline and butylated hydroxytoluene.
3. The expanded and floated material of bream for protecting liver and resisting stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mildew inhibitor is one of calcium propionate, sodium propionate and potassium propionate.
4. The preparation method of the liver-protecting anti-stress expanded parabramis pekinensis floating material as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: primary burdening: all the raw materials except the fish oil, the soybean oil, the monocalcium phosphate, the mineral premix, the vitamin premix, the mildew preventive and the vitamin C are proportioned and then uniformly mixed;
step 2: crushing: adopting an ultrafine pulverizer to ensure that more than 95% of the mixed raw materials pass through a 80-mesh screen;
and step 3: secondary burdening: calcium dihydrogen phosphate, mineral premix, vitamin premix, mildew preventive, vitamin C and the like are mixed according to a certain proportion and then are uniformly mixed;
and 4, step 4: tempering: steam pressure is 0.85MPa, hardening and tempering temperature is 100 ℃, and hardening and tempering time is 120 s;
and 5: puffing and granulating: an Andrews single screw bulking machine, wherein the bulking temperature is 120 ℃;
step 6: drying: the temperature is 110 ℃;
and 7: sieving, cooling and packaging: sieving to obtain the liver-protecting anti-stress bream expanded floating feed with uniform particle size and curing degree of more than 95%.
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