CN112205307A - Bedding layer for dairy cow breeding and manufacturing and using method thereof - Google Patents
Bedding layer for dairy cow breeding and manufacturing and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205307A CN112205307A CN202011084349.XA CN202011084349A CN112205307A CN 112205307 A CN112205307 A CN 112205307A CN 202011084349 A CN202011084349 A CN 202011084349A CN 112205307 A CN112205307 A CN 112205307A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 abstract description 82
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 208000004396 mastitis Diseases 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010060820 Joint injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000016593 Knee injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000100945 Piper peltatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010801 foot rot Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
A padding layer for cow breeding and a manufacturing and using method thereof comprise the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80-90 parts of cotton straw, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of viable bacteria preparation and 5-10 parts of metal passivator. The water content of the cotton straw is 7% -9%, the cotton straw is not rotten and does not contain harmful substances, the length of the cotton straw is controlled to be 10-20cm, the cotton straw is used after dust is removed, the water content of the straw is 10% -12%, the content of crude fiber is 30% -40%, the cotton straw is not mildewed and smells, the length of the straw is controlled to be 10-20cm, the sawdust is dried and does not mildewed, the water content of the straw is 8% -11%, the mesh number of the metal passivators is 100-150, the concentration of the viable bacteria preparation is 2% -4%, and the cotton straw is made of sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: the water is fermented according to the proportion of 1:3: 10. The padding layer for dairy cow breeding uses cotton straws as the main material, is low in cost and high in comfort level, increases the lying time of dairy cows, and increases the milk yield. The added non-toxic and harmless live bacteria preparation and metal passivator can accelerate the decomposition of the cow dung to obtain the organic fertilizer with low heavy metal content.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dairy cow breeding, in particular to a padding layer for dairy cow breeding and a manufacturing and using method thereof.
Background
In the process of breeding dairy cows, the bedding material layer is closely related to the comfort level of the dairy cows and directly influences the production performance and the dairy farm benefit of the dairy cows, the high-quality bedding material layer can prolong the rest time of the dairy cows, the daily bed laying time of the dairy cows is not less than 12 hours, and the blood flow flowing through mammary glands can be increased by 20% -25% when the dairy cows lie on the stomach, so that the nutrition efficiency and the milk yield are increased. The poor lying environment can obviously reduce the lying time of the milk cow, seriously affect the rest and milk yield of the milk cow and improve the morbidity of diseases such as lameness, cow foot rot, mastitis and the like, so the clean and sanitary padding layer can also reduce the morbidity of the diseases, particularly the morbidity of mastitis. One cow produces excrement with dry weight of about 12kg every day, and the unfermented cow excrement contains a large amount of bacteria and worm eggs, the bacteria are fermented in a bedding layer to generate a large amount of heat, and the generated high temperature aggravates the stress response of the cow in summer to influence the milk yield. At present, a bedding layer used in most dairy cow places still continues to be paved on the ground by using sandy soil or rice hulls by using a traditional method, although the method can provide a dry environment for dairy cows, the decomposition capability of the manure is weak, the service life is short, the obtained cow manure cannot be used as an organic fertilizer, and the waste of water resources and water pollution can be caused in the process of cleaning the cow manure. In the process of breeding dairy cows, heavy metal trace element additives are often used for preventing diseases and promoting growth, but most heavy metals are not absorbed and are discharged out of the body along with the excrement of the dairy cows, so that the heavy metal content of the excrement of the dairy cows is very high, and the environment is polluted.
Although there is also a method for manufacturing a biological fermentation bed padding in the prior art, for example, the invention patent with patent number CN103461149B provides a biological fermentation bed padding and an application thereof, a breeding mode in which mushroom field waste mushroom bran is directly dried and crushed to manufacture a padding gasket to breed cows is provided, so that environmental pollution caused by breeding is reduced, and organic matters in excrement are adsorbed, but the mushroom bran contains a large amount of pathogens and infectious microbes, and the cows often chew the padding, and the pathogens and infectious microbes can enter the body of the cows to harm the body health of the cows, so that the reutilization of the mushroom bran has certain technical difficulty, and the patent does not solve the problem of high heavy metal content in feces.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a padding layer for dairy cow breeding and a manufacturing and using method thereof. The metal passivator added into the padding layer can reduce heavy metal in the dairy cow dung and reduce pollution to the environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a padding layer for cow breeding comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80-90 parts of cotton straw, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of viable bacteria preparation and 5-10 parts of heavy metal passivator.
Furthermore, the cotton straw has the water content of 7-9%, is not rotten and does not contain harmful substances, the length is controlled to be 10-20cm, and the cotton straw is used after dust is removed. The cotton straw is a byproduct of cotton planting industry, and a large amount of surplus straw is available in rural areas, and the price is low.
According to the padding layer for dairy cow breeding, the straw has the water content of 10-12%, the crude fiber content of 30-40%, no mildew or peculiar smell, the length of the straw is controlled to be 10-20cm, the straw is soft, and the padding layer can be used as padding to provide a comfortable environment for cattle, reduce the loss of heat of cattle bodies in cold seasons, and reduce the damage to the knees and hoofs of the cattle.
The padding layer for dairy cow breeding is dry and free of mildew, the water content of the padding layer is 8% -11%, the sawdust refers to foam sawdust of trees scattered from the trees due to cutting during wood processing, the padding layer can absorb water, keep the bodies of the cows dry, and reduce the occurrence of dairy cow diseases.
In the padding layer for dairy cow breeding, the metal deactivator is charcoal, and preferably, the mesh number of the charcoal is between 100 and 150.
According to the padding layer for dairy cow breeding, the concentration of the viable bacteria preparation is 2% -4%, and the padding layer is prepared from sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12, and the living bacteria preparation prepared by using the waste vegetable residue or the peel has low cost, can achieve the purpose of waste utilization and avoids waste.
The manufacturing method of the bedding layer for dairy cow breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a live bacteria preparation: mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12 percent of the active bacteria preparation with the concentration of 2-4 percent is prepared by fermentation.
(2) And (3) airing: placing the bought cotton straws, rice straws and sawdust in a ventilated and rainproof airing shed for standing and airing for fifteen days, so that the water content of the cotton straws is controlled to be 7% -9%, the water content of the rice straws is controlled to be 10% -12%, and the water content of the sawdust is controlled to be 8% -11%.
(3) Cutting: and (3) manually cutting the aired cotton straws and rice straws, wherein the length is controlled to be between 10 and 20 cm.
(4) Uniformly mixing: and (2) taking 80-90 parts of cotton straws, 20-30 parts of straws, 10-15 parts of sawdust and 5-10 parts of metal passivator, and manually stirring for ten minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials.
(5) Spraying a live bacteria preparation: and (4) uniformly spraying the prepared viable bacteria preparation with the concentration on the uniformly mixed dry material in the step (4) by using a sprayer, wherein 0.1-0.3L of viable bacteria preparation needs to be sprayed on each square meter of padding layer.
(6) Fermentation: stacking and naturally fermenting for 1 month.
Further, the viable bacteria preparation is prepared by adopting the following method:
(1) preparing a plurality of stainless steel fermentation tanks with the volume of 10 tons, thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the fermentation tanks, and wiping the fermentation tanks to dry;
(2) mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12, stirring in a stirrer, and mixing in a stainless steel fermentation tank;
(3) sealing the opening of the stainless steel fermentation tank to prevent the entry of mixed bacteria;
(4) placing the stainless steel fermentation tank in a cool and dry environment for natural fermentation for at least 3 months.
The using method of the bedding layer for cow breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) laying: the fermented bedding material layer is paved on the ground of a cowshed, the paving depth is 80-100cm, knees and hoofs of a cow when the cow lies prone are protected, when the bedding material layer is paved, the principle that two sides are thick and the middle is thin is followed, the height difference between the two sides and the middle is at least 40cm, the cow lies prone and lies on the two sides, the adult cow needs at least 3m of distance to lie prone or rise, and the width of the two sides of the bedding material layer needs to be larger than 3 m.
(2) Feeding: when the height of the bedding layer is reduced by 8-10cm, fermented dry materials are supplemented to the bedding layer in the cowshed in time in order to ensure the comfort of lying down of the dairy cows, and viable bacteria preparation is sprayed by a sprayer every 48 hours to ensure that sufficient viable bacteria exist in the bedding.
(3) Turning: the padding layer humidity for the dairy cow breeding is kept at a proper numerical value, the dairy cow is prevented from getting ill, manual pile turning is carried out on the padding layer when the humidity reaches over 30%, and a temperature and humidity instrument is used for detecting the humidity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the bedding layer for cow breeding uses common cotton straws in rural areas as main raw materials, is low in price, recycles the waste cotton straws, reduces the condition that farmers burn the cotton straws, and has positive influence on air quality.
2. The self-made live bacteria preparation fermented from vegetable residue or fruit peel is added into the padding layer for dairy cow breeding, so that the padding layer is non-toxic and harmless, and microorganisms contained in the padding layer can promote the decomposition of dairy cow excrement so as to ferment the excrement into the organic fertilizer.
3. The padding layer for dairy cow breeding is added with the heavy metal passivator to adsorb heavy metals in dairy cow dung, so that the dairy cow dung becomes an organic fertilizer which does not pollute soil.
4. The use method of the bedding layer for dairy cow breeding follows the principle that the two sides are thick and the middle is thin when the bedding layer is laid, so that dairy cows mainly lie on the two sides, and the management of the dairy cows and the collection of excrement are facilitated.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below. It should be noted that these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure can be more completely understood and fully conveyed to those skilled in the art, and the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms without being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
80 parts of non-rotten cotton straw (with the water content of 7%) and containing no harmful substances, 20 parts of mildew-free and peculiar-smell dried straw (with the water content of 10% and the crude fiber content of 30%), 10 parts of mildew-free dried sawdust (with the water content of 8%) and 5 parts of prepared viable bacteria preparation (with the concentration of 2%) and 5 parts of heavy metal passivator (biochar) with the mesh number of 100 are respectively weighed, and the dried materials are used after surface dust is removed.
In this embodiment, the manufacturing method of the bedding layer for cow breeding includes the following steps:
(1) preparing a live bacteria preparation:
1) preparing 5 stainless steel fermentation tanks with 10 tons of volume and detachable sealing covers, thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the fermentation tanks and wiping the fermentation tanks to dry;
2) mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: putting water into a blender according to the ratio of 0.8:2.7:8, starting the blender for three minutes, putting the stirred product into a stainless steel fermentation tank after three minutes, and filling the stainless steel fermentation tank at two thirds;
3) covering a detachable sealing cover of the stainless steel fermentation tank, and sealing a gap near the tank opening to prevent mixed bacteria from entering;
4) and (3) placing the sealed stainless steel fermentation tank in a cool and dry environment for natural fermentation, and avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the fermentation time is not less than 3 months.
(2) And (3) airing: placing prepared cotton straws, rice straws and sawdust in a ventilated and rainproof airing shed for standing and airing, detecting the moisture content of the cotton straws, the rice straws and the sawdust by using an FD-G2 straw moisture meter produced by Harbin uda electronics, and stopping airing when the moisture content of the cotton straws is controlled at 7%, the moisture content of the rice straws is controlled at 10% and the moisture content of the sawdust is controlled at 8%.
(3) Cutting: and (3) manually cutting the aired cotton straws and rice straws, and measuring the cutting length with a tape measure in an auxiliary manner to control the cut length to be 10 cm.
(4) Uniformly mixing: and (3) putting 80 parts of cotton straws, 20 parts of straws, 10 parts of sawdust and 5 parts of metal passivator into a drying container, and manually stirring for ten minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials.
(5) Spraying a live bacteria preparation: and (3) uniformly spraying the live bacteria preparation with the prepared concentration on the uniformly mixed dry materials in the step (4) by using a pressure storage type manual sprayer, and during spraying, turning over the piles to ensure that the dry materials at the bottom can also contact the live bacteria preparation, wherein 0.1L of the live bacteria preparation needs to be sprayed on each square meter of padding layer.
(6) Fermentation: stacking the uniformly mixed padding layers, wherein the stacking height is 1.5m, and naturally fermenting for 1 month.
In this embodiment, the using method of the bedding layer for cow breeding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) laying: and (3) spreading the fermented padding layer on the ground of the cowshed by using a shovel, wherein the spreading depth is 80 cm. When the composite material is laid, the principle that two sides are thick and the middle is thin is followed, the height difference between the two sides and the middle is 40cm, and the width of the two sides is 3.2 m.
(2) Feeding: when the height of the padding layer is reduced by 8cm, fermented dry materials are supplemented to the padding layer in the cattle house to protect the hoofs and knees of the cattle, and the live bacteria preparation is sprayed by a sprayer every 48 hours to ensure the live bacteria content of the padding layer.
(3) Turning: the bedding layer for cow breeding is manually turned and piled when the humidity reaches more than 30%, and a temperature and humidity instrument is adopted for detecting the humidity.
Example 2
Respectively weighing 85 parts of non-rotten cotton straw (with water content of 8%) and no harmful substances, 25 parts of mildew-free and peculiar-smell dried straw (with water content of 11% and crude fiber content of 35%), 13 parts of mildew-free dried sawdust (with water content of 10%), 8 parts of prepared viable bacteria preparation (with concentration of 3%), and 8 parts of 120-mesh heavy metal passivator (biochar), and removing surface dust from the dried materials for use.
In this embodiment, the manufacturing method of the bedding layer for cow breeding includes the following steps:
(2) preparing a live bacteria preparation:
1) preparing 5 stainless steel fermentation tanks with 10 tons of volume and detachable sealing covers, thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the fermentation tanks and wiping the fermentation tanks to dry;
2) mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: putting water into a blender according to the ratio of 1:3:10, starting the blender for three minutes, putting a stirred product into a stainless steel fermentation tank after the three minutes, and filling the two thirds of the stainless steel fermentation tank with the stirred product;
3) covering a detachable sealing cover of the stainless steel fermentation tank, and sealing a gap near the tank opening to prevent mixed bacteria from entering;
4) and (3) placing the sealed stainless steel fermentation tank in a cool and dry environment for natural fermentation, and avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the fermentation time is not less than 3 months.
(2) And (3) airing: placing prepared cotton straws, rice straws and sawdust in a ventilated and rainproof airing shed for standing and airing, detecting the moisture content of the cotton straws, the rice straws and the sawdust by using an FD-G2 straw moisture meter produced by Harbin uda electronics, and stopping airing when the moisture content of the cotton straws is controlled at 8%, the moisture content of the rice straws is controlled at 11% and the moisture content of the sawdust is controlled at 10%.
(3) Cutting: and (3) manually cutting the aired cotton straws and rice straws, and measuring the cutting length by using a measuring tape in an auxiliary manner, so that the length of the cut cotton straws and the cut rice straws is controlled to be 15 cm.
(4) Uniformly mixing: and putting 85 parts of cotton straws, 25 parts of straws, 13 parts of sawdust and 5 parts of metal passivator into a drying container, and manually stirring for ten minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials.
(5) Spraying a live bacteria preparation: and (3) uniformly spraying the live bacteria preparation with the prepared concentration on the uniformly mixed dry materials in the step (4) by using a pressure storage type manual sprayer, and during spraying, turning over the piles to ensure that the dry materials at the bottom can also contact the live bacteria preparation, wherein 0.2L of the live bacteria preparation needs to be sprayed on each square meter of padding layer.
(6) Fermentation: stacking the uniformly mixed padding layers, wherein the stacking height is 1.5m, and naturally fermenting for 1 month.
In this embodiment, the using method of the bedding layer for cow breeding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) laying: and (3) paving the fermented padding layer on the ground of the cowshed by using a shovel, wherein the paving depth is 90 cm. When the composite material is laid, the principle that two sides are thick and the middle is thin is followed, the height difference between the two sides and the middle is 40cm, and the width of the two sides is 3.2 m.
(2) Feeding: when the height of the padding layer is reduced by 9cm, fermented dry materials are supplemented to the padding layer in the cattle house to protect the hoofs and knees of the cattle, and the live bacteria preparation is sprayed by a sprayer every 48 hours to ensure the live bacteria content of the padding layer.
(3) Turning: the bedding layer for cow breeding is manually turned and piled when the humidity reaches more than 30%, and a temperature and humidity instrument is adopted for detecting the humidity.
(3) Turning: the bedding layer for cow breeding is manually turned and piled when the humidity reaches more than 30%, and a humiture instrument is adopted for humidity detection.
Example 3
Respectively weighing 90 parts of non-rotten cotton straw (with the water content of 9%) and containing no harmful substances, 30 parts of mildew-free and peculiar-smell dried straw (with the water content of 12% and the crude fiber content of 40%), 15 parts of mildew-free dried sawdust (with the water content of 11%), 5 parts of prepared viable bacteria preparation (with the concentration of 4%) and 5 parts of 150-mesh heavy metal passivator (biochar), and removing surface dust from the dried materials for use.
In this embodiment, the manufacturing method of the bedding layer for cow breeding includes the following steps:
(3) preparing a live bacteria preparation:
1) preparing 5 stainless steel fermentation tanks with 10 tons of volume and detachable sealing covers, thoroughly cleaning and sterilizing the fermentation tanks and wiping the fermentation tanks to dry;
2) mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: putting water into a blender according to the proportion of 1.2:3.3:12, starting the blender for three minutes, putting a stirred product into a stainless steel fermentation tank after three minutes, and filling the stainless steel fermentation tank at two thirds position;
3) covering a detachable sealing cover of the stainless steel fermentation tank, and sealing a gap near the tank opening to prevent mixed bacteria from entering;
4) and (3) placing the sealed stainless steel fermentation tank in a cool and dry environment for natural fermentation, and avoiding direct irradiation of sunlight, wherein the fermentation time is not less than 3 months.
(2) And (3) airing: placing prepared cotton straws, rice straws and sawdust in a ventilated and rainproof airing shed for standing and airing, detecting the moisture content of the cotton straws, the rice straws and the sawdust by using an FD-G2 straw moisture meter produced by Harbin uda electronics, and stopping airing when the moisture content of the cotton straws is controlled at 9%, the moisture content of the rice straws is controlled at 12% and the moisture content of the sawdust is controlled at 11%.
(3) Cutting: and (3) manually cutting the aired cotton straws and rice straws, and measuring the cutting length by using a measuring tape in an auxiliary manner, so that the length of the cut cotton straws and the cut rice straws is controlled to be 20 cm.
(4) Uniformly mixing: and (3) putting 90 parts of cotton straws, 30 parts of straws, 15 parts of sawdust and 10 parts of metal passivator into a drying container, and manually stirring for ten minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials.
(5) Spraying a live bacteria preparation: and (3) uniformly spraying the live bacteria preparation with the prepared concentration on the uniformly mixed dry materials in the step (4) by using a pressure storage type manual sprayer, and during spraying, turning over the piles to ensure that the dry materials at the bottom can also contact the live bacteria preparation, wherein 0.3L of the live bacteria preparation needs to be sprayed on each square meter of padding layer.
(6) Fermentation: stacking the uniformly mixed padding layers, wherein the stacking height is 1.5m, and naturally fermenting for 1 month.
In this embodiment, the using method of the bedding layer for cow breeding specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) laying: and (3) paving the fermented padding layer on the ground of the cowshed by using a shovel, wherein the paving depth is 100 cm. When the composite material is laid, the principle that two sides are thick and the middle is thin is followed, the height difference between the two sides and the middle is 40cm, and the width of the two sides is 3.2 m.
(2) Feeding: when the height of the padding layer is reduced by 10cm, fermented dry materials are supplemented to the padding layer in the cattle house to protect the hoofs and knees of the cattle, and the live bacteria preparation is sprayed by a sprayer every 48 hours to ensure the live bacteria content of the padding layer.
(3) Turning: the bedding layer for cow breeding is manually turned and piled when the humidity reaches more than 30%, and a temperature and humidity instrument is adopted for detecting the humidity.
Examples of the experiments
Four cowhouses of the same size and style were selected in a cattle farm and a comparative experiment was carried out, each provided only one bedding layer of sand, example 1, example 2 and example 3 respectively.
120 cows with the same body health, lactation days and lactation quantity are selected as experimental animals, 30 cows are tested in each bedding layer, the feed used by each cow is the same, and the observation period is three months, wherein the observation results are as follows:
table 1 lying down behavior of cows on different formula bedding layers (average) per 24 hours
| Group of | Sand soil | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Number of times of lying prone | 6.71 | 10.94 | 11.25 | 11.66 |
| Lying time (min) | 641.45 | 864.58 | 911.23 | 934.31 |
TABLE 2 Knee injury of cows on different bedding layers
| Group of | Sand soil | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Number of heads examined | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Number of heads with knee infection | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
TABLE 3 incidence of mastitis in different bedding layers
| Group of | Sand soil | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Number of heads examined | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| Number of onset of mastitis | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
TABLE 4 lactation yield and milk protein content (mean) of cows on bedding layers of different formulations per 24 hours
| Group of | Sand soil | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 |
| Lactation yield (kg) | 22.12 | 29.45 | 30.01 | 28.96 |
| Protein content | 2.71％ | 3.12％ | 3.21％ | 3.45％ |
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or additions or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The padding layer for dairy cow breeding is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80-90 parts of cotton straw, 20-30 parts of straw, 10-15 parts of sawdust, 5-10 parts of viable bacteria preparation and 5-10 parts of metal passivator.
2. The padding layer for dairy cow breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cotton straw has a moisture content of 7% -9%, is non-rotten and free of harmful substances, has a length of 10-20cm, and is used after dust is removed.
3. The padding layer for cow breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw has a water content of 10% -12%, a crude fiber content of 30% -40%, no mildew or odor, and a length of 10-20 cm.
4. The bedding layer for cow breeding according to claim 1, wherein the sawdust is dry and free of mildew, and has a water content of 8% -11%.
5. The bedding layer for dairy cow breeding according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the viable bacteria preparation is between 2% and 4%, and the viable bacteria preparation is prepared from sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12 by fermentation.
6. The padding layer for cow breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the metal deactivator is between 100 and 150.
7. The method for manufacturing the bedding layer for cow breeding according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a live bacteria preparation: mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12, fermenting to obtain viable bacteria preparation with concentration of 2% -4%;
(2) and (3) airing: placing the bought cotton straws, rice straws and sawdust in a ventilated and rainproof airing shed for standing and airing for fifteen days, so that the water content of the cotton straws is controlled to be 7-9%, the water content of the rice straws is controlled to be 10-12%, and the water content of the sawdust is controlled to be 8-11%;
(3) cutting: manually cutting the aired cotton straws and rice straws to control the length to be between 10 and 20 cm;
(4) uniformly mixing: taking 80-90 parts of cotton straws, 20-30 parts of straws, 10-15 parts of sawdust and 5-10 parts of metal passivator, and manually stirring for ten minutes to fully and uniformly mix the materials;
(5) spraying a live bacteria preparation: uniformly spraying the prepared viable bacteria preparation with the concentration on the uniformly mixed dry material in the step (4) by using a sprayer, wherein 0.1-0.3L of viable bacteria preparation needs to be sprayed on each square meter of padding layer;
(6) fermentation: stacking and naturally fermenting for 1 month.
8. The method for manufacturing the bedding layer for dairy cow breeding according to claim 7, wherein the viable bacteria preparation in the step (1) is manufactured by the following method:
(1) preparing a plurality of stainless steel fermentation tanks with the volume of 10 tons, thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting the fermentation tanks, and wiping the fermentation tanks to dry;
(2) mixing sugar: vegetable residue/pericarp: water according to the weight ratio of 0.8-1.2: 2.7-3.3: 8-12, stirring in a stirrer, and mixing in a stainless steel fermentation tank;
(3) sealing the opening of the stainless steel fermentation tank to prevent the entry of mixed bacteria;
(4) placing the stainless steel fermentation tank in a cool and dry environment for natural fermentation for at least 3 months.
9. The use method of the bedding layer for cow breeding according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) laying: and (3) paving the fermented padding layer on the ground of the cowshed, wherein the paving depth is 80-100 cm. When in laying, the principle that two sides are thick and the middle is thin is followed, the height difference between the two sides and the middle is at least 40cm, and the width of the two sides is more than 3 m;
(2) feeding: when the height of the bedding layer is reduced by 8-10cm, supplementing fermented dry materials to the bedding layer in the cowshed, and spraying the viable bacteria preparation once every 48 hours by using a sprayer;
(3) turning: the bedding layer for cow breeding is manually turned and piled when the humidity reaches more than 30%, and a temperature and humidity instrument is adopted for detecting the humidity.
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