CN112195471A - Corrosive agent for lath martensite steel original austenite grain boundary, preparation method and corrosion method - Google Patents
Corrosive agent for lath martensite steel original austenite grain boundary, preparation method and corrosion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112195471A CN112195471A CN202010972473.3A CN202010972473A CN112195471A CN 112195471 A CN112195471 A CN 112195471A CN 202010972473 A CN202010972473 A CN 202010972473A CN 112195471 A CN112195471 A CN 112195471A
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Abstract
The invention provides a corrosive agent for a lath martensite steel original austenite grain boundary and a preparation and corrosion method thereof, wherein the corrosive agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4 to 6 percent of picric acid, 88 to 92 percent of distilled water and 4 to 6 percent of anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect; the etching method comprises the following steps: polishing the surface to be measured of the quenched sample, and then placing the sample in a water bath for heating and heat preservation; then, repeatedly wiping the corrosive agent on the surface to be detected in a cross shape, and applying a certain acting force until the mirror surface brightness of the surface to be detected disappears and the corrosion state is presented by naked eyes; and then washing the sample by using flowing water, wiping the surface to be detected after washing, removing corrosion attachments on the surface to be detected, wiping the surface to be detected by using alcohol, and completing the corrosion process after blow-drying. The corrosive agent can rapidly and clearly display the original austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel at room temperature; the preparation process of the corrosive agent is energy-saving and safe; the corrosion process is simple and efficient, the corrosion result is clear and has no interference, and the method has practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of display of prior austenite grain boundaries of quenched steel, in particular to a corrosive agent capable of rapidly and clearly displaying the prior austenite grain boundaries of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel at room temperature, a preparation method thereof and a corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundaries of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel.
Background
In the observation of prior austenite (parent phase austenite) grain boundaries in lath martensitic steels, conventional corrosion was achieved by immersing the sample in heated supersaturated picric acid and continuing heating, i.e., hot-etching. However, the effect of the hot-etching method is not good for the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, and the reasons are that: on one hand, the low carbon content causes that the aggregation amount of carbon at the prior austenite grain boundary is relatively low, the component difference between the grain interior and the grain boundary is not obvious, and the contrast difference after corrosion is influenced, while the conventional hot etching method is a static corrosion process (a corrosive liquid and a sample to be corroded are placed together and heated, and acting force is not applied), has insufficient corrosion strength on the prior austenite grain boundary, often cannot clearly and completely display the prior austenite grain boundary, and even cannot corrode the prior austenite grain boundary; on the other hand, the thermal etching method is difficult to control the corrosion process (easy to underetch or over-etch), and easily adheres to corrosion residues, which interfere with the observation of the subsequent microstructure. Meanwhile, in the boiling process of the corrosive liquid, toxic substances (picric acid) are heated and are easy to volatilize, so that the toxic substances are harmful to human bodies.
Through search, the Chinese patent with the application number of 201911169681.3 discloses a corrosive agent for displaying the fine crystal austenite grain boundary of low-carbon microalloyed steel, and the corrosive agent comprises 97.5-99% by volume of saturated citric acid solution and saturated FeCl30.5-1% of solution and 0.5-1.5% of detergent; the corrosive disclosed by the patent is used for displaying the fine-grained austenite grain boundary of the low-carbon microalloyed steel, clear grain boundary morphology can be obtained through metallographic observation, and the corrosion effect is stable.
However, the above patent is only applicable to low-carbon microalloyed steel, and cannot be applied to high-nickel low-carbon steel; the patent is only suitable for displaying fine-grained prior austenite grain boundaries, is suitable for the situation that the grain size of a target is narrow, is not suitable for coarse grains and has large application limitation by analyzing the grain size. Secondly, from the aspect of corrosion method, the patent still uses the thermal corrosion method, and the corrosion progress is not easy to control. The fact that the polishing surface is observed every minute of corrosion in the text of the patent indicates that the method cannot accurately and conveniently control the corrosion progress in principle, so that the surface of the corroded sample has more deposits and the microstructure observation is disturbed (refer to the schematic diagram of the patent). In addition, the corrosive agent and the corresponding corrosion method can cause the corrosion phenomenon of a martensite crystal boundary, so that the martensite crystal boundary has similar contrast with the prior austenite crystal boundary in metallographic observation, and the appearances of the martensite crystal boundary and the prior austenite crystal boundary can not be obviously distinguished.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, a preparation method thereof and a corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel.
The first aspect of the invention provides a corrosive agent for displaying original austenite grain boundaries of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, which comprises the following components, 4-6% of picric acid (trinitrophenol), 88-92% of distilled water and 4-6% of anionic surfactant with a corrosion inhibition effect in percentage by mass. The formula of the corrosive agent has the best corrosion effect.
Preferably, the anionic surfactant having a corrosion inhibiting effect is a sulfonate.
Preferably, the sulfonate is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of the corrosive for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, which comprises the following steps:
adding picric acid into distilled water to make the picric acid supersaturated in the distilled water, and stirring uniformly; and adding an anionic surfactant with a corrosion inhibition effect into the supersaturated picric acid solution, uniformly stirring until the anionic surfactant is fully dissolved, wherein the solution is light yellow, and thus the corrosive agent is obtained.
Preferably, after the anionic surfactant having a corrosion inhibiting effect is added to the supersaturated picric acid solution, the solution is heated to 70 ℃ to 80 ℃.
The third aspect of the invention provides a corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, which is carried out by adopting the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel.
Preferably, the corrosion method for exhibiting high nickel low carbon lath martensitic steel prior austenite grain boundaries comprises:
polishing the surface to be measured of the quenched sample, and then placing the sample in a water bath for heating and heat preservation;
taking out the heated sample, wiping the surface of the heated sample, removing water on the surface to be detected, repeatedly wiping the surface to be detected by using a corrosive agent, and applying an acting force in the wiping process until the mirror surface of the surface to be detected is observed to be bright and disappear by naked eyes to present a corrosion state;
and then washing the surface to be detected by flowing water, wiping the surface to be detected after washing, removing corrosion attachments on the surface to be detected, wiping the surface to be detected by alcohol, and completing the corrosion process after blow-drying.
Preferably, the sample is placed in a water bath for heating and heat preservation, wherein the sample to be tested is heated to 70-85 ℃ in the water bath.
Preferably, the corrosive agent is repeatedly wiped on the surface to be measured, and the repeatedly wiping refers to: and (3) dipping the absorbent cotton with the corrosive agent to repeatedly wipe the surface to be detected in a cross shape.
Preferably, the test piece is a high nickel low carbon lath martensitic steel.
The 'high nickel' in the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel means that the mass percentage of nickel is more than 10 percent and less than 15 percent; "Low carbon" means less than 0.2% by weight carbon.
Compared with the prior art reference, namely 'a corrosive for displaying fine-grained austenite grain boundary of low-carbon microalloyed steel' (application number is 201911169681.3), the corrosive is suitable for the low-carbon microalloyed steel and is suitable for the prior austenite grain size of 2-300 microns; compared with the comparison file, the corrosion method of the invention controls the corrosion progress by using a dynamic corrosion method, removes the sediments in time, and has clear and statistical corrosion results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:
the corrosive disclosed by the invention has high corrosion sensitivity on the prior austenite grain boundary, and the intragranular martensite grain boundary has slow reaction and is hardly corroded, so that the clear and complete prior austenite grain boundary can be obtained after corrosion, the interference by the intragranular martensite grain boundary is avoided, the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel can be rapidly and clearly displayed at room temperature, and the accuracy and the efficiency of representation of a metallographic structure are improved. And the preparation process of the corrosive agent is energy-saving and safe, and the formula quantification of the corrosive agent is realized.
Compared with the conventional picric acid solution thermal etching method and the thermal etching method using other corrosive agents, the corrosion agent and the sample to be corroded do not need to be heated in the corrosion process, so that the operation environment is safe and environment-friendly; the volatilization amount of picric acid is less; the corrosive agent is wiped on the surface to be tested, the consumption of the corrosive agent is small, the corrosive agent is hardly polluted, the corrosive agent can be used for multiple times after being prepared once, and the test cost is greatly reduced; the corrosion process has low requirement on experimental equipment, can be carried out in various containers, and is convenient to operate and realize.
Compared with the static corrosion method adopted by the existing thermal corrosion method, the dynamic corrosion technology can control the corrosion progress and can remove corrosion attachments in time, thereby obtaining high corrosion success rate and quality.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the prior austenite grain boundary metallographic morphology of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel treated by the corrosive agent and the corrosion method of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows the metallographic structure of the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel after being treated by the conventional picric acid solution and the heat etching method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a corrosive agent for displaying a high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel original austenite grain boundary, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: picric acid 5%, anionic surfactant 5% with corrosion inhibiting effect and distilled water 90%.
In this embodiment, the anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, but in other embodiments, other sulfonates with experimental feasibility may be used.
The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel can be prepared by the following method, and comprises the following steps:
according to the mass percentage, measuring distilled water accounting for 90 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent, adding the distilled water into a beaker, measuring picric acid accounting for 5 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent to be prepared, adding the picric acid into the beaker, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
and then measuring sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate which accounts for 5 percent of the total mass of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the beaker, and uniformly stirring until the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is fully dissolved, wherein the solution is light yellow.
After the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is added into the picric acid solution, the method also comprises the following steps: the solution is heated to 70 ℃ in order to increase the solubility of picric acid in the solution and to bring the picric acid to a supersaturated state in distilled water.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a corrosive agent for displaying a high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel original austenite grain boundary, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 4% of picric acid, 6% of anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect and 90% of distilled water.
In the embodiment, the anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel can be prepared by the following method, and comprises the following steps:
according to the mass percentage, measuring distilled water accounting for 90 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent, adding the distilled water into a beaker, measuring picric acid accounting for 4 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent to be prepared, adding the picric acid into the beaker, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
and then measuring sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate with the total content of 6 mass percent of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the beaker, heating the solution to 80 ℃, and uniformly stirring the solution until the solution is fully dissolved so that the solution reaches a supersaturated state and is light yellow.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an etchant for displaying a prior austenite grain boundary of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6% of picric acid, 5% of anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect and 89% of distilled water.
In this embodiment, the anionic surfactant having corrosion inhibition effect is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.
The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel can be prepared by the following method, and comprises the following steps:
according to the mass percentage, measuring distilled water accounting for 89 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent, adding the distilled water into a beaker, measuring picric acid accounting for 6 percent of the total mass of the corrosive agent to be prepared, adding the picric acid into the beaker, and uniformly stirring the mixture;
and then measuring sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate with the content of 5 percent by mass of the total amount of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into the beaker, heating the solution to 75 ℃, and uniformly stirring the solution until the solution is fully dissolved, so that the picric acid reaches a supersaturated state in the distilled water, and the solution is light yellow.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel, and the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel is adopted for carrying out metallographic corrosion.
Specifically, in this example, the corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel includes the following steps:
polishing the surface to be measured of the sample, and then placing the sample in a water bath for heating and heat preservation; wherein the sample is high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel.
Taking out the sample heated by the water bath, wiping the surface of the sample, removing water on the surface to be detected, repeatedly wiping the corrosive on the surface to be detected in a cross shape, and applying a certain acting force in the wiping process until the mirror surface brightness of the surface to be detected disappears and the surface to be detected is in a corrosion state under the observation of naked eyes;
and then washing the sample by using flowing water, wiping the surface to be detected after washing, removing corrosion attachments on the surface to be detected, wiping the surface to be detected by using alcohol, and completing the corrosion process after blow-drying.
In the above examples, the sample is heated in a water bath and the temperature is maintained, and the sample may be heated in a water bath to 70 ℃ to 85 ℃.
Example 5
Based on the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the martensitic steel of the high-nickel low-carbon lath, the Fe-13Ni-0.14C (wt%) sample in a quenched state is used as an application example in the embodiment, and the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample in the quenched state is corroded by the corrosive agent for displaying the high-nickel low-carbon lathMartensite steel prior austenite grain boundary. The mass fraction of the other single elements except three elements of Fe, Ni and C in the material components of the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample is not higher than 0.02 percent. M of the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample alloy measured by the expansion methodf300K, above room temperature, the matrix after quenching with brine ice consists entirely of lath martensite, with no retained austenite and other structures.
The corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel comprises the following steps:
the following items are involved in the etching process: a water bath furnace, beakers of various specifications, a balance, a measuring cylinder, tweezers, rubber gloves, absorbent cotton, a stirring rod, a blowing spray gun, distilled water, alcohol, picric acid and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; however, the etching method of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned materials, and other materials having the same function may be selected according to experimental conditions during the implementation.
Polishing the surface to be detected (namely the surface to be metallographic corroded) of the quenched Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample, and then putting the polished Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample into a water bath furnace for heating and heat preservation. In a well ventilated state, the protective equipment is worn, and the operation can be carried out according to the following preferred steps:
step 1: weighing distilled water accounting for 90 percent of the total mass of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the distilled water into a beaker, then weighing picric acid accounting for 5 percent of the total mass of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the picric acid into the beaker, so that the picric acid is supersaturated in the distilled water, and uniformly stirring.
Step 2: measuring sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate which accounts for 5 percent of the total mass of the corrosive to be prepared, adding the sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate into a beaker, heating the solution, uniformly stirring the solution until the solution is fully dissolved, wherein the solution is light yellow.
And step 3: taking out the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample heated by the water bath, wiping the surface to be detected with absorbent cotton, then dipping the absorbent cotton with a corrosive to apply a certain acting force on the surface of the area to be detected of the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample for wiping, and particularly wiping the surface to be detected in a cross direction for corrosion. The method adopts a cross-shaped mode to wipe, so that the corrosion area is easy to control and the corrosion in the area is uniform; the generated attachments can be immediately cleaned out of the surface to be measured along a straight line, and the absorbent cotton is not easy to deposit or scratch due to short retention time on the surface of the sample; and repeatedly wiping until the mirror surface brightness of the sample surface disappears and the sample is in a corrosion state. The corrosion process is a dynamic corrosion process, the corrosion progress can be controlled, and corrosion attachments can be removed in time.
And 4, step 4: immediately washing the Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample under flowing water, wiping the sample by absorbent cotton until no corrosion attachment exists on the surface to be detected, dripping alcohol on the wiped surface to be detected, drying the surface by using a blowing spray gun, and finishing the corrosion process.
The metallographic structure obtained after the quenched Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample is corroded by the corrosive prepared by the method is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, in the visible contrast of the sample, the black prior austenite grain boundary is very distinct, dividing the gray matrix into approximately polygonal grains of different sizes; and lath martensite with different orientations can be observed in a plurality of grains, but the identification of the prior austenite grain boundary is not influenced because the contrast is weak. Furthermore, the entire sample surface was clean and free of high density corrosion residues due to uneven corrosion.
After the quenched Fe-13Ni-0.14C sample is treated by the conventional picric acid solution heat etching method, as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 2 shows the metallographic structure of the same sample treated by the conventional picric acid solution heat etching method. It can be seen from fig. 2 that the polished surface did not show any microstructure after etching, but instead left a high density of black pitting corrosion deposits on the surface. Comparing the etching method of the above embodiment with the conventional picric acid solution heat etching method of the prior art, the etching quality of the prior art is found to be clearly contrasted with that of fig. 1, and it can be seen that the corrosive of the present invention is used for metallographic etching, and high etching success rate and quality can be obtained.
According to the corrosion method of the embodiment, the adopted corrosive agent is safe and convenient in preparation and use processes; the preparation process is environment-friendly and the dosage of the corrosive is less compared with that of the common thermal etching method; the dynamic corrosion makes the corrosion process easy to control, the corrosion success rate is high, the original austenite grain boundary after corrosion is obvious, and the interference of corrosion precipitates is less.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 4 to 6 percent of picric acid, 88 to 92 percent of distilled water and 4 to 6 percent of anionic surfactant with corrosion inhibition effect.
2. The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the martensitic steel with the high nickel and the low carbon lath as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anionic surfactant with the corrosion inhibition effect is sulfonate.
3. The corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundaries of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sulfonate is sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
4. The preparation method of the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 3 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
adding picric acid into distilled water to ensure that the picric acid is supersaturated in the distilled water and uniformly stirring; and adding an anionic surfactant with a corrosion inhibition effect into the supersaturated picric acid solution, uniformly stirring until the anionic surfactant is fully dissolved, wherein the solution is light yellow, and thus the corrosive agent is obtained.
5. The method for preparing the corrosive agent for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel as claimed in claim 4, wherein after the anionic surfactant with the corrosion inhibition effect is added into the supersaturated picric acid solution, the solution is heated to 70-80 ℃.
6. A corrosion method for displaying original austenite grain boundaries of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel, which is characterized in that the corrosive agent for displaying original austenite grain boundaries of high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 5 is used for carrying out metallographic corrosion.
7. The corrosion method for exhibiting prior austenite grain boundaries of a high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that it comprises:
polishing the surface to be measured of the quenched sample, and then placing the sample in a water bath for heating and heat preservation;
taking out the heated sample, wiping the surface of the heated sample, removing water on the surface to be detected, repeatedly wiping the surface to be detected by using a corrosive agent, and applying an acting force in the wiping process until the mirror surface of the surface to be detected is observed to be bright and disappear by naked eyes to present a corrosion state;
and then washing the surface to be detected by flowing water, wiping the surface to be detected after washing, removing corrosion attachments on the surface to be detected, wiping the surface to be detected by alcohol, and completing the corrosion process after blow-drying.
8. The corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sample is placed in a water bath for heating and heat preservation, wherein the sample is heated to 70-85 ℃ in the water bath.
9. The corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundary of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensite steel according to claim 7, wherein the corrosion agent is repeatedly wiped on the surface to be tested, and the repeated wiping refers to the following steps: and (3) dipping the absorbent cotton with the corrosive agent to repeatedly wipe the surface to be detected in a cross shape.
10. The corrosion method for displaying the prior austenite grain boundaries of the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the sample is the high-nickel low-carbon lath martensitic steel.
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| CN113933136A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-14 | 华北理工大学 | Dendritic crystal corrosion reagent of medical Al-free zinc-based alloy, preparation method and use method |
| CN114018920A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Method for displaying delta ferrite in P91 and P92 steel |
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| CN103454187A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-18 | 宁夏共享集团有限责任公司 | Method for displaying original austenite grain boundary of tempering bainite structure at room temperature |
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| CN113933136A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-14 | 华北理工大学 | Dendritic crystal corrosion reagent of medical Al-free zinc-based alloy, preparation method and use method |
| CN114018920A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-02-08 | 河南中原特钢装备制造有限公司 | Method for displaying delta ferrite in P91 and P92 steel |
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