CN112176718A - 一种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺,其主要步骤为:(1)、碳纤维原丝出喷丝板时带上一定量静电荷,(2)、刚带上静电荷的碳纤维原丝在固化前吸附气相分散的碳纳米管,(3)、将经过静电荷和气相分散的碳纳米管处理后的碳纤维原丝拉伸与固化,(4)、将上述经过处理的碳纤维原丝进行碳化处理;本发明使用少量的碳纳米管只对碳纤维的表面进行处理,并且碳纳米管一部分嵌入碳纤维内部,一部分暴露于碳纤维表面,形成了有利于增强碳纤维与树脂基体间结合强度的问题的表面结构,对增强碳纤维复合材料的力学,电学,化学性能效果好且性能稳定,而且方法简单,控制方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺,属于新型碳材料领域。
背景技术
碳纤维以其优异的力学,电学和化学性能在复合材料、航空航天、汽车材料、体育用品等领域得到了广泛应用,在国防军工和民用方面都是重要材料。但由于其表面光滑、惰性大、表面能低、缺乏化学活性的官能团,使得碳纤维与树脂基体之间的界面粘结性较差,因此寻求碳纤维表面改性的研究方法成了科技工作者研究的热门课题。
目前碳纤维改性的手段有很多,较为常见的有氧化法、接枝法、表面沉积法,表面涂覆法等,此外采用纳米材料构建独特的表面结构是一种极为有效的方法,其中常把碳纳米管加载到碳纤维表面,对于碳纤维表面加载碳纳米管的主要方法有两种,一种是在碳纤维碳化后进行表面改性,如化学接枝法、电泳法和涂层法等,但由于其碳纳米管与碳纤维结合不够紧密,过程工艺较复杂,因此难以实现产业化;另外一种是在碳纤维原丝阶段对其进行表面改性,这种方法存在碳管团聚较大,分散性不好,碳管用量大等问题,影响碳纤维的结构,导致碳纤维的各种性能受到影响的问题。因此,本技术是采用气相分散的碳纳米管在碳纤维原丝阶段进行表面改性,利用少量高分散度的碳纳米管在碳纤维表面形成嵌入式结构,其特点在于碳纳米管一部分暴露在碳纤维表面,一部分嵌入到碳纤维内部,形成了有利于增强碳纤维与树脂基体间结合强度的问题的表面结构。
中国发明专利CN201510963821.X提供了一种分散效果明显且可以实现规模化制备的碳纳米管分散方法,能够使碳纳米管的分散更为彻底和快捷,同时还可以满足产业化要求。
碳纤维表面光滑且呈化学惰性,对碳纤维复合材料界面性能具有不利影响,碳纤维表面接枝碳纳米管能有效解决碳纤维与树脂基体间界面结合强度低的难题,显著提高碳纤维复合材料拉伸强度,弯曲强度,压缩强度,层间剪切强度等性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对上述问题,提供一种在碳纤维原丝阶段嵌入碳纳米管从而改善碳纤维材料各类性能的处理方法。
本发明为实现上述目的,采用以下技术方案:
(1)、碳纤维原丝出喷丝板时带上一定量静电荷,
(2)、刚带上静电荷的碳纤维原丝在固化前吸附气相分散的碳纳米管,
(3)、将经过静电荷和气相分散的碳纳米管处理后的碳纤维原丝拉伸与固化,
(4)、将上述经过处理的碳纤维原丝进行碳化处理,
步骤(1)中的碳纳米管原丝是用干法或干喷释放法所制备的聚丙烯腈原丝,但不局限于聚丙烯腈原丝;步骤(1)中所带静电荷具体为10^(-3)C/㎡或更大,一般而言,电荷密度越大越有利于对碳纳米管的吸附;步骤(1)中的静电荷来自于和喷丝板相连的静电装置。
本发明的有益效果是提供了一种较为简便高效地制备表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维的工艺,使用少量的碳纳米管只对碳纤维的表面进行处理,并且碳纳米管一部分嵌入碳纤维内部,一部分暴露于碳纤维表面,形成了有利于增强碳纤维与树脂基体间结合强度的问题的表面结构,对增强碳纤维复合材料的力学,电学,化学性能效果好且性能稳定,而且方法简单,控制方便。
附图说明
附图是本发明的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明具体的实施方法:
如附图所示,本发明提供了一种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺。所述的表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)将聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝在喷丝板喷出,在喷出的同时与喷丝板相连的静电装置通过场发射的方式使聚丙烯腈碳纤维带上一定量的电荷,电荷量具体为10^(-3)C/㎡或更大,一般而言,电荷密度越大越有利于对碳纳米管的吸附。
(2)将采用气相分散方式分散的碳纳米管通过气流引导的方式引导至喷丝板附近,具体为带上静电荷的聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝所在空间区域,通过静电荷的作用使带电荷纤维对碳纳米管的吸附,有效吸附时间为1秒,具体吸附时间可根据聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝表面所要达到的碳纳米管浓度而定,一般来说有效吸附时间越长,聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝表面碳纳米管浓度越高。
上述的过程可用聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝,但不局限于聚丙烯腈原丝且一定要在碳纤维原丝固化前完成。
(3)将用上述方式所得的聚丙烯腈碳纤维原丝按照普通碳纤维制备的工艺进行拉伸、固化与碳化处理。
由此,可以得到表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维。
Claims (1)
1.一种表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维制备工艺,其特征在于工艺步骤为:
(1)、碳纤维原丝出喷丝板时带上一定量静电荷,
(2)、刚带上静电荷的碳纤维原丝在固化前吸附气相分散的碳纳米管,
(3)、将经过静电荷和气相分散的碳纳米管处理后的碳纤维原丝拉伸与固化,
(4)、将上述经过处理的碳纤维原丝进行碳化处理即得表面嵌入碳纳米管的碳纤维;
步骤(1)中的碳纳米管原丝是用干法或干喷释放法所制备的聚丙烯腈原丝,但不局限于聚丙烯腈原丝;步骤(1)中所带静电荷具体为10^(-3)C/㎡或更大,一般而言,电荷密度越大越有利于对碳纳米管的吸附;步骤(1)中的静电荷来自于和喷丝板相连的静电装置。
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