CN112167266A - 一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法 - Google Patents

一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法 Download PDF

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CN112167266A
CN112167266A CN202011186328.9A CN202011186328A CN112167266A CN 112167266 A CN112167266 A CN 112167266A CN 202011186328 A CN202011186328 A CN 202011186328A CN 112167266 A CN112167266 A CN 112167266A
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王春建
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Qingdao Dibaolong Micro Carbon Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，涉及植物保护技术领域。该发明由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌40‑80份、纳米级碳酸钙10‑20份、渗透剂1‑1.5份、增稠剂1‑1.5份、展着剂3‑5份、去离子水80‑120份。本发明氧化锌能有效的对紫外线吸收和散射，舒缓光线直射过强造成的作物叶片、茎杆、花蕊、果实等的灼伤，降低果实表面温度，同时不影响叶片的光合作用；纳米钙可以通过作物表层进入到作物体内，同时补充钙质，预防作物缺素引起的生理病害，提高果实品质、增加果实硬度、有效延长果实存放时间；产品喷洒后会在果实表面形成一层保护膜，有效防治水果日灼病，大幅度提高果品商品率；并且使用简单方便，用量小作用直接，效果明显，减少人工成本的支出，具有良好的经济效益和广阔的市场前景。

Description

一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法
技术领域
本发明属于植物保护技术领域，具体涉及一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法。
技术背景
日灼是由太阳辐射热引起的生理病害。夏秋高温干旱季节，日光直射裸露的果树枝干和果实，使表面温度达40℃以上时，即可引起灼伤。受日灼伤害的树皮，严重时脱落，或干枯开裂。果实表皮受日灼，先变白，继而褐变。在天气极度干旱，持续高温，空气相对湿度在50%以下，地下供水不足，蒸腾作用减弱时，直射的强光，也能引起苹果、梨等果树的叶片灼伤。
为了预防日灼病，果农多采用贴纸、果实涂白、拉遮阳网等方式，但是防治效果并不十分有效，不能完全防治日灼，并且对水果的食用价值有一定影响。现有专利中CN109892330 A公开了一种农作物日灼病防治剂及其应用，是一种以海藻酸钠寡糖为活性组分的日灼病防治剂，该方法能够减少日灼发生，降低防日灼的人工成本，但其需要每7-10天施用一次，且不能迅速有效的减少日灼病的发生。本发明研究一种微膜钙保护剂，喷洒后即能在果实表面形成一层保护膜，隔阻减轻阳光中紫外线，减轻高温、日灼带来的病害，同时增加作物营养。
发明内容
针对现有技术中不能迅速有效的减少日灼病的发生问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，保护剂喷洒后会在果实表面形成一层保护膜，有效反射紫外线的同时，降低果实表面温度，同时不影响叶片的光合作用；纳米钙可以通过作物表层进入到作物体内，同时补充钙质，预防作物缺素引起的生理病害。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用下述技术方案予以实现：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：
氧化锌40-80份、纳米级碳酸钙10-20份、渗透剂1-1.5份、增稠剂1-1.5份、展着剂3-5份、去离子水80-120份。
进一步的，上述渗透剂为异构醇聚氧乙烯醚，具有优异的渗透、润湿、乳化性能。
进一步的，上述增稠剂为聚氨酯树脂。
进一步的，上述展着剂为三硅氧烷表面活性剂。
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂制备方法包括：
（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速3500-4000 r/min，搅拌40-60 min，得到溶液；
（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨2-3h，温度25-30℃，研磨细度1-2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
所述微膜钙水果日灼保护剂使用方法为：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面，重点喷洒在易发生日灼、热灼的部位，喷洒后能在果实表面形成一层微膜钙保护层。
所述微膜钙水果日灼保护剂的制备用于防治水果的日灼病。
本发明的有益效果是：1、氧化锌能有效的对紫外线吸收和散射，舒缓光线直射过强造成的作物叶片、茎杆、花蕊、果实等的灼伤，降低果实表面温度，同时不影响叶片的光合作用；2、纳米钙可以通过作物表层进入到作物体内，同时补充钙质，预防作物缺素引起的生理病害，提高果实品质、增加果实硬度、有效延长果实存放时间；3、三硅氧烷表面活性剂的添加可促进农药制剂在植物上顺利地附着、保持、铺展及渗透，对药效的提高起到关键作用；4、产品喷洒后会在果实表面形成一层保护膜，有效防治水果日灼病，大幅度提高果品商品率；5、使用简单方便，只需要兑水稀释，喷在果实的表面，用量小作用直接，效果明显，减少人工成本的支出，具有良好的经济效益和广阔的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明，以便本领域的技术人员更了解本发明，但并不因此限制本发明。
实施例一：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌60份、纳米级碳酸钙10份、渗透剂1.2份、增稠剂1份、展着剂4份、去离子水100份。
制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速4000 r/min，搅拌40min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨2h，温度28℃，研磨细度2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面。
实施例二：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌60份、纳米级碳酸钙15份、渗透剂1.2份、增稠剂1份、展着剂4份、去离子水95份。
制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速4000 r/min，搅拌40 min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨2h，温度28℃，研磨细度2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面。
实施例三：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌80份、纳米级碳酸钙15份、渗透剂1.2份、增稠剂1份、展着剂4份、去离子水90份。
制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速4000 r/min，搅拌40 min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨3h，温度28℃，研磨细度2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面。
对比例1：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：纳米级碳酸钙15份、渗透剂1.2份、增稠剂1份、展着剂4份、去离子水100份。
制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速4000 r/min，搅拌40min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨2h，温度28℃，研磨细度2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面。
对比例2：
一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌80份、、渗透剂1.2份、增稠剂1份、展着剂4份、去离子水100份。
制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速4000 r/min，搅拌40 min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨23h，温度28℃，研磨细度2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面。
空白对照组：
设置空白对照组喷施清水。
将本发明应用于沃柑防治中，选定外界温度为35-40℃，持续高温10-20天，空白对照组、实施例和比较例在生长期内栽培技术及其他农事管理措施按相同的常规方法进行，采收期进行采收调查并记录日灼果个数(按等级分开记录)，每组选取3株柑沃柑树，试验沃柑果为150个左右，日灼果按照不同的日灼程度进行病情分级，并计算整株树的发病率和日灼指数，实验结果见表2。
表1 日灼分级标准：
级别 危害情况
0级 无日灼症状
1级 果皮颜色刚刚开始变黄且日灼面积小于总面积的1/5
2级 果皮颜色变成黄褐色，日灼面积为总面积的1/5-1/4
3级 果皮颜色变成黑褐色，且黑褐色日灼面积小于总面积的1/5，或黄褐色日灼面积大于总面积的1/3
4级 黑褐色日灼面积大于总面积的1/5
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
；
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
；
表2 微膜钙水果日灼保护剂对果实日灼的影响
试验果数/个 日灼指数/% 发病率/%
空白对照组 150 24.58 87.54
实施例1 150 2.54 15.16
实施例2 150 2.58 15.46
实施例3 150 2.62 18.35
对比例1 150 10.35 46.93
对比例2 150 4.41 35.20
为更好的检测沃柑果品的品质，本发明还将空白对照组随机选取未被灼伤的沃柑果实(命名为日晒果)，以及实施例3组随机选取未被灼伤的沃柑果实(命名为试验果)，进行果品性能的测定，果品性能包括单果重、TSS、囊半数、果实横径、果实纵径、果皮厚及果芯，测试结果见表3。
表3 微膜钙水果日灼保护剂对果实品质的影响
类别 单果重/g 果皮厚/mm 果芯 TSS
日晒果 140.56 63.5 11.6 10.35
实验果 185.24 63.3 10.4 9.64
实验结果：
实验结果表明，微膜钙水果日灼保护剂可以有效防治水果日灼病，日灼病发生率可降低60%以上，并且有效提高果实品质。

Claims (6)

1.一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂及其制备和应用方法，其特征在于，由下列重量份的原料组分配制而成：氧化锌40-80份、纳米级碳酸钙10-20份、渗透剂1-1.5份、增稠剂1-1.5份、展着剂3-5份、去离子水80-120份。
2.根据权利要求1所述渗透剂为异构醇聚氧乙烯醚。
3.根据权利要求1所述增稠剂为聚氨酯树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述展着剂为三硅氧烷表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂，其特征在于，制备方法：（1）将上述重量份的氧化锌、渗透剂、展着剂、增稠剂、去离子水加入搅拌机内，转速3500-4000 r/min，搅拌40-60 min，得到溶液；（2）向步骤（1）所得溶液加入上述重量份的纳米级碳酸钙，采用多级胶体磨研磨，研磨2-3h，温度25-30℃，研磨细度1-2μm，得到均匀的悬浮液体。
6.根据权利要求1 所述一种微膜钙水果日灼保护剂，其特征在于，使用方法：使用时用水稀释100倍后喷施在果实表面，重点喷洒在易发生日灼、热灼的部位，喷洒后能在果实表面形成一层微膜钙保护层。
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CN111233552A (zh) * 2020-03-16 2020-06-05 山东棉花研究中心 一种油用牡丹叶片保护剂及其制备方法和施用方法
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CN113575243A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2021-11-02 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 一种液体水果套袋材料、其制备方法及应用
CN113575253A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-11-02 广西太美生物科技股份有限公司 一种防日灼美果的皮膜钙产品及其制备方法和应用
CN115885986A (zh) * 2021-10-28 2023-04-04 郝文杰 一种多功能金属盐复合膜组合物的制备方法及应用
KR20230115428A (ko) * 2022-01-27 2023-08-03 동의대학교 산학협력단 불가사리 추출물을 포함하는 일소방지용 조성물 및 이의 제조방법
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CN114831138A (zh) * 2022-04-15 2022-08-02 中国农业科学院烟草研究所(中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所) 一种预防植物叶片日灼的保护剂及其制备方法与使用方法

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