CN107223666A - 一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107223666A
CN107223666A CN201710499926.3A CN201710499926A CN107223666A CN 107223666 A CN107223666 A CN 107223666A CN 201710499926 A CN201710499926 A CN 201710499926A CN 107223666 A CN107223666 A CN 107223666A
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欧立军
刘周斌
危革
邹学校
王静
陈文超
马艳青
张竹青
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用，所述组合物中，氯化钙1‑2g/L、茉莉酸甲酯80‑120umol/L、亚精胺0.03‑0.06mmol/L、***钠2‑4umol/L、抗坏血酸1‑3mmol/L、硝酸铵200‑250mg/L、脯氨酸0.2‑0.4mmol/L，溶剂为水。喷施本发明组合物能够明显提高辣椒在低温胁迫下的生存能力，增强辣椒对低温冷害、冻害的防御能力。且所述制备方法简单，应用方便。

Description

一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及作物调节剂，具体涉及一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
辣椒生长期间，长期遭遇5℃以下0℃以上低温时，会出现叶绿素减少或在近叶柄处出现黄色花斑，植株生长缓慢的低温障碍，称为冷害。发生冷害植株的叶尖、叶缘出现水渍状斑块，叶组织变成褐色或深褐色，后呈现青枯状。在持续低温下，辣椒的抵抗力减弱，容易发生低温型的病害或产生花青素，导致落花、落叶和落果。
辣椒生长期间遭遇0℃以下的低温时，就会发生冻害。冻害发生一般有以下几种情况：一是苗床内个别植株受冻；二是生长点或子叶节以上3～4片真叶受冻，叶片萎缩或干枯；三是幼苗尚未出土，在地下全部被冻死；四是植株生育后期，果实在田间或挂秧保鲜，或者运输期间受冻，开始并不表现症状，当温度上升到0℃以上后，症状开始表现，初为水浸状，软化，果皮失水皱缩，果面出现凹陷斑，持续一段时间就会造成腐烂。
防止低温冷害和冻害的常规措施有：选用耐低温品种；育苗和生产采用性能比较好的设施，并加强保温，必要时进行补温。特别是对于反季节种植，低温现象十分常见，如果不提前采取预防措施，辣椒极易受到低温冷害、冻害的危害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：提供一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物及其制备方法和应用，喷施本发明组合物能够明显提高辣椒在低温胁迫下的生存能力，增强辣椒对低温冷害、冻害的防御能力。
本发明的技术方案：一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物，所述组合物中，氯化钙1-2g/L、茉莉酸甲酯80-120umol/L、亚精胺0.03-0.06mmol/L、***钠2-4umol/L、抗坏血酸1-3mmol/L、硝酸铵200-250mg/L、脯氨酸0.2-0.4mmol/L，溶剂为水。
一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物的制备方法，将亚精胺和***钠混合后溶于水中，得到试剂Ⅰ；
将氯化钙、抗坏血酸、硝酸铵和脯氨酸混合后溶于水中，得到试剂II；
将茉莉酸甲酯溶于无水乙醇中，得到试剂III；
将试剂Ⅰ、试剂II和试剂III混合，加水，得到抗寒性的组合物。
一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物的应用，将所述组合物均匀喷施于辣椒叶片的正反两面至有液体下滴为止。
一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物的应用，将所述组合物用于喷施于苗期辣椒，喷施方式为辣椒6叶1心期低温处理前用连续均匀喷施处理液2-5d。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明提供了一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物。喷施本发明组合物能够明显提高辣椒在低温胁迫下的生存能力，增强辣椒对低温冷害、冻害的防御能力。且所述制备方法简单，应用方便。
附图说明
图1为处理前的辣椒苗。左图后续使用本发明的组合物喷施，右图喷施等量的水。从图中可以看出，左右两株辣椒苗的生长情况基本相同。
图2、图3、图4为5℃低温处理12h、24h、48h后辣椒的变化情况图。
其中，左图为使用本发明的组合物喷施于后的辣椒苗，右图为喷施等量水后的辣椒苗。从图、图3、图4可以看出，喷施本发明组合物的辣椒苗的长势明显优于喷施水的辣椒苗的长势。
具体实施方式
实施例1
使用本发明的组合物氯化钙1.5g/L、茉莉酸甲酯：100umol/L、亚精胺0.05mmol/L、***钠3umol/L、抗坏血酸2mmol/L、硝酸铵200mg/L、脯氨酸0.2mmol/L进行喷施。
对比例1
喷施与实施例1等量的蒸馏水。
对比例2
阳性对照组，与实施例1相比，缺少脯氨酸和抗坏血酸。
喷施方式为辣椒6叶1心期低温处理前用小喷瓶连续均匀喷施处理液3d，喷施量为喷施至辣椒叶片正反面有液体下滴为止。
表1色素含量比较
对比例1 253.25±22.14 45.21±3.22 3.52±0.41 2.54±0.18
对比例2 249.35±18.95 43.25±4.11 3.61±0.23 2.56±0.21
实施例1 301.87±25.65 62.34±5.96 4.26±0.29 3.08±0.35
从表1可以看出，喷施实施例1所述组合物的辣椒叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素均较对比例处理辣椒叶片有明显升高，分别高出16.67％、19.71％和34.78％。表明低温胁迫会对辣椒叶绿素含量产生影响，而喷施实施例1所述组合物能够有效提高叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量，有助于辣椒进行正常的光合作用以提供能量；而对比例2则与喷施蒸馏水无明显差异。
表2抗氧化***酶活性
从表2可以看出，植物在正常情况下维持着体内活性氧产生与清除之前的平衡状态，逆境胁迫会阻断植物叶绿体和线粒体的电子传递链，细胞内能荷低，还原力高等因素都有利于诱导植物产生过量的活性氧自由基，造成质膜、细胞器膜上脂肪酸的膜脂过氧化，加速细胞衰老甚至死亡，而SOD、POD、CAT和GR作为植物体内重要的抗氧化酶***，其活性的高低能够显著影响活性氧的平衡。喷施实施例1所述组合物的辣椒叶片SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性均较对比例处理有明显升高，其活性分别高出19.07％、37.89％、21.02％和21.26％，表明低温胁迫处理会使辣椒体内抗氧化酶活性降低，对辣椒产生重要伤害，而喷施实施例1所述组合物能够提高抗氧化酶活性，缓解低温胁迫带来的伤害；而对比例2则与喷施蒸馏水无明显差异。
表3渗透物质及氧化物质含量
从表3可以看出，植物在逆境胁迫下会通过积累可溶性糖和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质来维持细胞膨压，减缓胁迫带来的伤害。而羟自由基和超氧阴离子作为植物体内重要的活性氧类伤害物质，其含量的高地直接决定了植物受伤害的程度。喷施实施例1所述组合物的辣椒叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量较正常对照处理有不同程度升高，分别上升27.33％和14.55％，而羟自由基和超氧阴离子含量较正常对照处理则分别降低22.48％和31.99％。这表明喷施实施例1所述组合物能够提高植物体内的渗透调节物质含量，而降低体内活性氧类物质，以提高植物抵御低温胁迫能力；而对比例2则与喷施蒸馏水无明显差异。

Claims (4)

1.一种提高辣椒苗期抗寒性的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物中，氯化钙1-2g/L、茉莉酸甲酯80-120umol/L、亚精胺0.03-0.06mmol/L、***钠2-4umol/L、抗坏血酸1-3mmol/L、硝酸铵200-250mg/L、脯氨酸0.2-0.4mmol/L，溶剂为水。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物的制备方法，其特征在于：将亚精胺和***钠混合后溶于水中，得到试剂Ⅰ；
将氯化钙、抗坏血酸、硝酸铵和脯氨酸混合后溶于水中，得到试剂II；
将茉莉酸甲酯溶于无水乙醇中，得到试剂III；
将试剂Ⅰ、试剂II和试剂III混合，加水，得到抗寒性的组合物。
3.权利要求1所述的组合物的应用，其特征在于，将所述组合物均匀喷施于辣椒叶片的正反两面至有液体下滴为止。
4.权利要求3所述的组合物的应用，其特征在于，将所述组合物用于喷施于苗期辣椒，喷施方式为辣椒6叶1心期低温处理前用连续均匀喷施处理液2-5d。
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CN110100520A (zh) * 2019-03-06 2019-08-09 湖南省蔬菜研究所 一种土壤改良方法
CN111567557A (zh) * 2020-06-30 2020-08-25 玉溪中烟种子有限责任公司 一种提高烟草种子抗寒性的引发剂及引发方法
CN114586787A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-06-07 湖南农业大学 曲古柳菌素在防止植物倒伏中的应用及防倒伏试剂
CN114586787B (zh) * 2022-03-09 2023-10-27 湖南农业大学 曲古柳菌素在防止植物倒伏中的应用及防倒伏试剂
CN115119844A (zh) * 2022-07-20 2022-09-30 四川省林业科学研究院 一种苗木防冻液及其制备方法
CN115119844B (zh) * 2022-07-20 2023-08-11 四川省林业科学研究院 一种苗木防冻液及其制备方法

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