CN112159073A - Inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapid dehydration of sludge and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapid dehydration of sludge and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
- C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/143—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
- C02F11/145—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances using calcium compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/148—Combined use of inorganic and organic substances, being added in the same treatment step
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sludge dehydration. The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent comprises an inorganic mineral material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of general cement, 10-60% of aluminate cement, 0-15% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 5-60% of artificial volcanic ash, 10-30% of gypsum and 0-5% of limestone. The composite dehydrating agent disclosed by the invention is added into sludge to be treated, the sludge can be rapidly and efficiently dehydrated, the deep dehydration of the sludge is realized, and the application process is simple to operate and low in energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge dehydration, and particularly relates to an inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Sludge (printing and dyeing sludge, coal washing slurry, municipal excess sludge, waste paper and paper sludge and the like) is sediment formed by migration, conversion and precipitation of substances in water or bottom sludge formed by deposition of suspended matters in water in the process of purifying domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. Therefore, the sludge is solid waste (actually, semi-solid waste) formed along with the purification of various types of water. The sludge has the characteristics of high water content (the water content is more than or equal to 80 percent), large volume, high organic matter content, various metal elements, fine particles, poor air permeability and a large amount of active microorganisms, and can cause serious secondary pollution to the environment if not properly treated. The sludge treatment cost generally accounts for more than half of the operation cost of the whole sewage treatment plant, so that a perfect sludge treatment scheme, particularly a scheme for efficiently dewatering and reducing the volume of the sludge, is sought, and is one of the main ways for reducing the operation cost of the sewage treatment plant and solving the sludge problem.
The traditional sludge dewatering technology comprises three aspects of sludge concentration, dewatering and drying. After ordinary (water treatment residual) sludge is concentrated and dehydrated, the water content can only be reduced to about 80%, which also becomes the bottleneck problem of sludge treatment. The further drying of the sludge is a very feasible method for reducing the sludge, so that the further drying of the sludge subjected to the pre-dehydration does not produce secondary waste gas pollution, can efficiently reduce the subsequent sludge resource energy consumption, and is a technical difficulty which needs to be overcome in the field of environmental protection. Therefore, it has been an important research topic to improve the dewatering performance of sludge and reduce the water content of filter-pressed dewatered sludge cake. In addition, the high moisture content mudcake is not suitable for direct incineration and must be reduced in its moisture content by natural air drying or by the input of an external heat source to evaporate the moisture.
At present, the drying treatment modes of sludge are generally divided into full drying (solid content is more than 85%) and half drying (solid content is about 55%), no matter which drying mode is adopted, an external heat source must be input, so that the water in the sludge can overcome the adhesive force with colloidal substances in the sludge, the water becomes free water, and the water evaporation is taken away by flue gas. Around the thermal requirements of sludge dewatering, the heat drying technology which is applied at home and abroad is more, and comprises fluidized bed drying, belt type drying, horizontal rotating disc type drying, paddle type drying, vertical disc type drying, spray drying, rotary drying cylinder drying and the like. However, the conventional sludge drying equipment usually has high energy consumption and needs to be used under the condition of heating by a waste heat source, and if the conventional energy sources (such as natural gas, coal, steam and the like) are directly used, the treatment cost is extremely high, and the normal operation is difficult to maintain. The sewage treatment plant has no residual heat source and lacks energy which can be directly recycled, if the conventional heat drying technology is adopted, a large amount of capital is necessarily invested for the construction and energy consumption of the heat source, and the cost performance is too low.
In order to accelerate sludge dewatering, researchers at home and abroad develop a series of sludge dewatering agents and dewatering methods thereof, and the existing dewatering agents mainly adopt inorganic, organic or mixed flocculating agents thereof. (1) Inorganic flocculants such as iron salt, aluminum salt, calcium ion and the like reduce repulsion potential by electrically neutralizing and compressing double electric layers so as to reduce repulsion among particles and achieve the aim of coagulation; (2) organic flocculants such as polyacrylamides aggregate the microparticles together, forming larger flocs for settling, mainly through adsorption and bridging of the polymeric compounds. The sludge with high water content generated in the conventional wastewater treatment process is mostly hydrophilic organic aggregates mainly comprising Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) and has the following characteristics: 1) the branched and netted structure of similar villus, the particle shape is irregular, the porosity is large; 2) the content of organic matters is high, and the organic matters are easy to decay and stink; 3) high water content and difficult dehydration. However, the existing physical and chemical conditioning can only solve the problem of removing interstitial water and capillary water, and in the process of sludge press filtration and dehydration, the compressibility of organic matters causes the blockage of sewage outflow channels in the sludge, so that the moisture contained in the sludge floc grids cannot be effectively released, and the deep dehydration of the sludge cannot be realized.
Through retrieval, the application with the Chinese patent application number of 201110300223 discloses a sludge dewatering composite conditioner and an application method thereof, the application provides a sludge dewatering composite conditioner consisting of a Fenton reagent or/and a Fenton-like reagent and a skeleton construction body, EPS is effectively destroyed through the efficient oxidation action of the Fenton reagent or/and the Fenton-like reagent, and bonding state water in sludge is released; and a hard grid framework is formed in the sludge through the framework construction body, so that the sludge can still keep a porous structure even under the action of high pressure, the problem that channels are blocked by compressibility of organic matters in the sludge is effectively solved, and the dehydration performance of the sludge is improved. However, in the implementation process, the fenton reagent or/and the fenton-like reagent and the framework construct are sequentially added into the sludge and stirred, the application process of the dehydrating agent is complex, and a large amount of oxidizing agent is consumed due to the strong oxidation effect of the fenton reagent or/and the fenton-like reagent.
Therefore, the development of the sludge rapid dehydration process which can realize deep dehydration of the sludge and has simple operation and low energy consumption has important significance for sludge dehydration treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problems of low dehydration rate, complex operation or high energy consumption in the existing sludge dehydration process, the invention provides an inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge, and a preparation method and application thereof. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the sludge can be quickly and efficiently dehydrated, the deep dehydration of the sludge is realized, and the application process is simple to operate and has lower energy consumption.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge, which comprises an inorganic mineral material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of general cement, 10-60% of aluminate cement, 0-15% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 5-60% of artificial volcanic ash, 10-30% of gypsum and 0-5% of limestone.
Furthermore, the general cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement, pozzolana Portland cement and composite Portland cement with the mark being more than or equal to 42.5, and preferably the ordinary Portland cement with the mark being more than or equal to 42.5; the aluminate-containing cement is one or more of aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and ferro-aluminate cement.
Furthermore, the alkaline earth metal oxide is one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcined dolomite, the artificial volcanic ash is one or more of slag, steel slag, fly ash, magnesium smelting reduction slag, biomass incineration ash, coal gasifier ash, biomass straws and silica fume, and preferably one or more of fly ash, biomass incineration ash and biomass straws.
Furthermore, the dewatering agent further comprises a flocculating agent material, wherein the flocculating agent material accounts for 0-5% of the total weight of the dewatering agent in percentage by mass.
Furthermore, the flocculant material adopts an inorganic flocculant or an organic flocculant or a combination thereof, wherein the inorganic flocculant is selected from one or a combination of more than one of PAC, polyaluminium sulfate, polyferric chloride, magnesium polychloride, potassium alum, ammonium alum and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the organic flocculant is selected from PAM.
Secondly, the preparation method of the composite dehydrating agent comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing the raw materials in the inorganic mineral material according to a mixing ratio, and stirring the mixture into a uniform mixture, namely the inorganic mineral composite material;
step 2: preparing organic flocculant and inorganic flocculant required by the preparation, and then stirring the materials into a uniform mixture to obtain a flocculant material;
and step 3: and stirring and mixing the obtained inorganic mineral composite material and a flocculating agent material again according to the designed matching proportion to obtain the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent.
Thirdly, the composite dehydrating agent is added into the sludge to be treated for dehydrating the sludge.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, directly adding the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent into sludge to be treated, adding water, uniformly stirring to obtain sludge slurry, and then performing filter pressing treatment to obtain a plastic mud cake;
step two, carrying out extrusion granulation treatment on the obtained plastic mud cakes to obtain sludge particles with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the length of 5-20 mm;
and step three, drying the obtained sludge particles to obtain the sludge particles with the water content less than or equal to 20 percent.
Furthermore, in the first step, the mass ratio of the addition amount of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent to the absolute dry sludge is 1: 10-1: 40, the slump of the obtained sludge slurry is not less than 200mm, the pressure of the filter-pressed slurry is 0.5-10 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-30 min.
Further, adopt natural drying or sunning place sunning drying or adopt drying equipment to carry out the drying in the step three, more preferred, drying equipment includes the casing, and the casing is inside to be separated for two upper and lower spaces through the gas permeability conveyor belt along its length direction horizontal distribution, and wherein upper portion space is separated for a plurality of bleed passageway through last baffle, and lower part space is separated for a plurality of bleed passageway through lower baffle, and the air passes gas permeability conveyor belt and gets into lower part bleed passageway and upper portion bleed passageway in proper order in turn after the air inlet of casing one end gets into, treats that the dry sludge grained layer carries out drying process through the air current by feed opening entering conveyor belt after.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating the sludge comprises an inorganic mineral material, and the composition and the proportion of the inorganic mineral material are optimally designed, so that the dehydrating agent has dual functions of adjusting the electrokinetic potential of the sludge and constructing a capillary (namely a framework) at the same time, and the constant-speed filter pressing process in the sludge is enhanced, so that the water content in the sludge can be directly dehydrated from more than 85 percent to less than 40 percent through a filter press, the sludge dehydrating effect is good, and no cell breaking reagent is required to be additionally added.
(2) According to the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating the sludge, disclosed by the invention, the compounded dehydrating agent can excite a large number of cations, anions and anion groups in the using process, and the volume and mass reduction is a gradual process while the electrokinetic potential of the slurry is changed, so that a channel with a rigid structure for converting colloidal water into free water can be formed when the sludge is subjected to filter pressing dehydration subsequently, and the channel cannot be blocked due to the pressure, so that a better dehydration effect is further ensured.
(3) According to the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating the sludge, a certain flocculating agent material is continuously added into the dehydrating agent, and the dehydrating effect on the sludge can be further improved through the composite action of the inorganic mineral material and the flocculating agent material.
(4) The composite dehydrating agent is added into sludge to be treated to dehydrate the sludge, and the composition of the inorganic mineral material is optimized, so that the charge on the particle surface in the slurry can be adjusted, the electrokinetic potential of the slurry is reduced, and the colloidal water becomes free water, and meanwhile, the composite particles can also serve as a skeleton in the dissolving process, so that the moisture in the sludge can be effectively removed, and the dehydration rate is high. In the invention, the water in the sludge is mainly removed in a liquid state, and after the sludge is exposed in the common air, the water content of sludge particles can be reduced from 25-40% to below 20%, thereby breaking through the dehydration rate which cannot be achieved by the current mechanical dehydration of the sludge.
(5) According to the application of the composite dehydrating agent, the composite dehydrating agent is added and then is subjected to filter pressing treatment, so that the water content of the sludge can be dehydrated from more than 85% to less than 40%, the mud cake after filter pressing treatment is subjected to extrusion granulation again, and the obtained sludge particles have high particle specific surface area and rich capillary pores, so that free water in the sludge is ensured to be easily evaporated and removed, and the dehydration rate of the sludge is further improved.
(6) The composite dehydrating agent is applied to drying the sludge particles obtained after granulation treatment, and the structure of the drying equipment is optimally designed, namely common air is used as drying gas, the common air is repeatedly turned into a moving particle material layer, the purpose of removing the water content in the sludge in a short time can be realized by using cold air, and the water content of the sludge can be further removed to be less than 10%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the sludge dewatering and drying treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a concurrent drying apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a counterflow drying apparatus of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1. a feeding port; 2. a housing; 3. an upper partition baffle plate; 4. drying the mud particle layer; 5. a breathable conveyor belt; 6. supporting the carrier roller; 7. an air inlet; 8. a descending support roller; 9. an air outlet; 10. a drive wheel; 11. a dust removal mechanism; 12. an exhaust fan; 13. an exhaust duct; 14. a screw conveyor; 15. a direction-changing wheel; 16. a ventilation duct; 17. a lower partition baffle.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge, which comprises an inorganic mineral material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of general cement, 10-60% of aluminate cement, 0-15% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 5-60% of artificial volcanic ash, 10-30% of gypsum and 0-5% of limestone, wherein the particle sizes of all the raw materials are smaller than 200 meshes.
Aiming at the problem that the existing sludge dehydrating agent is difficult to deeply dehydrate the sludge, the invention selects inorganic mineral materials as the dehydrating agent, namely, the dehydrating agent is compounded by a plurality of specific inorganic mineral materials, thereby effectively improving the dehydration rate of the sludge and realizing the deep dehydration. Through search, patent documents disclose that a certain amount of inorganic mineral materials are added into a sludge dewatering conditioner to improve the dewatering effect on the sludge, such as the applications with the application numbers of 2011103002236 and 2019105292460, but the addition of the inorganic mineral materials in the applications only serves as a framework construction body, a cell breaking agent or a fenton reagent needs to be additionally added, the purpose of dewatering can be achieved through the compounding of the framework construction body and the fenton reagent, and the application process is complex.
Through a large number of experimental researches, the inventor of the application selects a plurality of specific inorganic mineral materials and compounds the components, so that the composite dehydrating agent has dual functions of sludge electrokinetic potential adjustment and capillary framework (namely skeleton) and strengthens the constant-speed filter pressing process in sludge, deep dehydration treatment of sludge can be realized without adding a cell-breaking agent, and the preparation and use process of the composite dehydrating agent is simple to operate. Specifically, the composite composition formed by clinker, aluminate cement, artificial volcanic ash, alkali metal oxide, gypsum and limestone in the general cement can excite a large amount of cation, anion and anion groups after meeting water, namely, cation, anion and anion groups (Ca) are generated and dissolved on the surface of particles2+、Mg2+、Al3+、Na+、K+、OH-、SO4 2-、AlO3 -、SiO3 2-) When the water content of the sludge or the slurry is about 80%, the ions and the ion clusters can adjust the charges on the surfaces of the particles in the slurry to reduce the zeta potential and enable the colloidal water to become free water, and meanwhile, the particles of the compound act as a framework due to the dissolution process. In addition, the volume and mass of the inorganic mineral composite material are reduced gradually in the dissolving process, so that channels with rigid structures for converting colloidal water into free water can be formed in the filter pressing dehydration process, the channels cannot be blocked due to the pressure, and the better dehydration effect can be realized.
Specifically, the general cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement, pozzolana Portland cement and composite Portland cement with the mark being more than or equal to 42.5, and preferably the ordinary Portland cement with the mark being more than or equal to 42.5; the aluminate-containing cement is one or more of aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and ferro-aluminate cement; the alkaline earth metal oxide is one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcined dolomite, the artificial volcanic ash is one or more of slag, steel slag, fly ash, magnesium smelting reduction slag, biomass incineration ash, coal gasifier ash, biomass straws and silica fume, and preferably one or more of fly ash, biomass incineration ash and biomass straws.
The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent can also be added with a certain flocculating agent material, wherein the flocculating agent material accounts for 0-5% of the total weight of the dehydrating agent, and the dehydrating effect of the sludge can be further improved by compounding the inorganic mineral material and the flocculating agent material. The flocculant material can adopt inorganic flocculant or organic flocculant or combination thereof, wherein the inorganic flocculant is selected from one or more of PAC, polyaluminium sulfate, polyferric chloride, magnesium polychloride, potassium alum, ammonium alum and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the organic flocculant is selected from PAM.
The preparation method of the composite dehydrating agent comprises the following steps:
step 1: mixing the raw materials in the inorganic mineral material according to a mixing ratio, and then stirring the mixture into a uniform mixture, wherein the stirring time is more than or equal to 5min, so that the inorganic mineral composite material is obtained;
step 2: preparing organic flocculant and inorganic flocculant required by the preparation, and then stirring the materials into a uniform mixture, wherein the stirring time is more than or equal to 5min, so as to obtain a flocculant material;
and step 3: and stirring and mixing the obtained inorganic mineral composite material and the flocculating agent material again according to the designed matching proportion, wherein the stirring time is more than or equal to 5min, and thus obtaining the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent.
The application of the composite dehydrating agent disclosed by the invention is to add the composite dehydrating agent into sludge to be treated for dehydrating the sludge, and as shown in figure 1, the composite dehydrating agent specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, directly adding the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent into sludge to be treated (printing and dyeing sludge or washing coal slurry or municipal excess sludge or waste paper papermaking sludge or water treatment sludge containing blue algae in a water supply plant) with the water content of more than 85%, wherein the mass ratio of the addition amount to the absolute dry sludge is 1: 10-1: 40, stirring at a high speed, supplementing water, uniformly stirring the sludge and having remarkable fluidity, wherein the slump of sludge slurry is more than or equal to 200mm, pumping the sludge slurry into a plate and frame filter press by using a pressure pump, and maintaining the pressure for 5-30 min under the mud pressure of 0.5-10 MPa, so that the sludge can be filter-pressed into a plastic mud cake with the water content of 25-40%.
Step two, carrying out extrusion granulation treatment on the obtained plastic mud cakes, and obtaining sludge particles with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the length of 5-20 mm from the plastic mud cakes; specifically, the plastic mud cake can be added into a feeding port of an extrusion granulator, and extruded into mud strips with the diameter of 5-20 mm from an extrusion nozzle under the extrusion action of the granulator, and then the mud strips are cut into mud particles with the length of 5-20 mm at an outlet of the mud strips by adopting a blade (or a thin steel wire) which is regularly and rapidly rotated and cut.
And step three, drying the obtained sludge particles to obtain sludge particles with the water content of less than or equal to 20%, and specifically, drying the sludge particles by natural drying or airing in an airing field or drying by drying equipment to obtain the sludge particles with the water content of less than or equal to 20%.
Preferably, adopt drying equipment to carry out the drying, and carry out optimal design to its structure, this drying equipment includes casing 2, casing 2 is inside to be separated for two upper and lower spaces through the gas permeability conveyor belt 5 along its length direction horizontal distribution, wherein upper portion space is separated for a plurality of bleed air passageway through last cut-off baffle 3, lower part space is separated for a plurality of bleed air passageway through lower cut-off baffle 17 (the distribution position of last cut-off baffle 3 and lower cut-off baffle 17 is with the air current circulation passageway that can form upper and lower intercommunication in turn as the standard), dry air constantly passes the grained layer on the conveyor belt and gets into lower part bleed air passageway and upper portion bleed air passageway in turn after getting into through the air inlet 7 of casing 2 one end. The granulated sludge particles enter the inside of the machine shell through the feed opening 1 and are conveyed through the air-permeable conveying belt 5, natural air enters the inside of the machine shell through the air inlet 7 and then is repeatedly turned into the moving particle material layer, so that the purpose of removing water in the sludge in a short time can be realized by using cold air, and the drying device can further remove the water content of the sludge to be less than 10%.
The drying device of the present invention can be designed into a forward flow type drying structure (see fig. 2) or a reverse flow type drying structure (fig. 3), and when the drying device is in the forward flow type drying structure, the feed opening 1 and the air inlet 7 on the casing 2 are located on the same side of the casing 2, i.e. the air circulation direction is the same as the sludge particle conveying direction. When a counter-flow drying structure is adopted, the feed opening 1 and the air inlet 7 on the casing 2 are respectively positioned at two sides of the casing 2, namely the circulation direction of air is opposite to the conveying direction of sludge particles.
The air-permeable conveying belt 5 is formed by compounding an upper layer and a lower layer of porous materials, wherein the lower layer is a porous stainless steel belt or a plastic belt, the upper layer is a porous wear-resistant plastic belt, the porosity of the upper layer and the lower layer of the belts is more than 60%, and the pore diameter of the lower layer is more than that of the upper layer. The lower part of the upper partition baffle 3 and the upper part of the lower partition baffle 17 are respectively provided with a roller, the length of the roller is the same as that of the upper partition plate and the lower partition plate, a supporting roller 6 is arranged between the upper belt and the lower belt, air flow between the upper belt and the lower belt is separated through the supporting roller 6, and a downlink supporting roller 8 is further arranged at the bottom of the downlink belt. The supporting roller and the lower partition baffle are arranged between the upper belt and the lower belt to realize the channel partition and the belt limiting effect, so that the dual effects of air flow guiding and material layer surface leveling can be achieved, the contact position of the upper partition baffle and the belt is in roller contact, the conveyed material can be leveled, the short circuit phenomenon of dry material gas is reduced, and the drying effect is enhanced. The transmission of the belt is driven by the driving wheel 10, and the transmission redirection of the belt is realized by the redirection wheel 15.
With the attached drawings, an air outlet 9 is arranged on the machine shell 2, the air outlet 9 is connected with an air guiding pipeline of the dust removing mechanism 11, an air outlet end of the dust removing mechanism 11 is connected with an air exhaust pipeline 13 through an exhaust fan 12, and a spiral conveyor 14 is arranged below an ash bucket of the dust removing mechanism 11. After drying treatment, the wet sludge particles leave the conveying belt and are conveyed into a storage by other conveying devices, and the drying process of the sludge is completed. The air in the casing enters the air guiding pipeline of the dust removing mechanism 11 from the air outlet 9, then is guided into the dust removing mechanism 11, is guided out by the exhaust fan 12 after dust removing treatment, enters the exhaust pipeline 13 and is exhausted into the atmosphere. The dust in the dust removing mechanism 11 is collected and then conveyed to the storage cylinder by the screw conveyor 14.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material and a composite flocculant material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 52.5PO cement, 20%; 50% of aluminate cement; 10% of fly ash; 15% of anhydrite; 5% of limestone; the composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium chloride and polyaluminium sulfate in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the granularity of all raw materials is 200-mesh standard sieve.
The processing procedure of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment is as follows:
(1) mixing the raw materials of the inorganic mineral material according to a mixing ratio, then stirring the mixture with strong force to obtain a uniform mixture, and stirring the mixture for 10min to obtain an inorganic mineral composite material;
(2) preparing organic flocculant and inorganic flocculant required by the preparation, then strongly stirring the materials to form a uniform mixture, and stirring the mixture for 10min to obtain a composite flocculant material;
(3) and (3) mixing the inorganic mineral material and the composite flocculant material obtained in the steps (1) and (2) according to the mass ratio of 95% and 5%, and stirring for 10min to obtain the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent.
The inorganic mineral dehydrating agent of the embodiment is adopted to treat the printing and dyeing sludge with the water content of 85 percent after filter pressing dehydration, and the specific dehydration process is as follows: according to the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent: and (2) stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into the printing and dyeing sludge according to the proportion of 1:40, compensating the water content of the sludge by 120%, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 200mm), pumping the printing and dyeing sludge into a small-sized test filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 30min under the sludge pressure of 0.5MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out a sludge cake, and testing to ensure that the water content of the sludge cake is 35%. Then the mud cake is put into an extrusion granulator for testing, extruded and cut into sludge granules with the diameter of 5mm multiplied by 5mm, a granular layer with the thickness of 50mm is paved and dried after being exposed in air flowing indoors, and the water content of the printing and dyeing sludge granules is measured to be 7.5 percent after 24 hours.
Example 2
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material and a composite flocculant material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 42.5PO cement, 25%; 50% of aluminate cement; 5% of fly ash; 20% of anhydrite. The composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium chloride and polyferric chloride in a mass ratio of 2:1, and the granularity of all raw materials is 200-mesh standard sieve.
The processing procedure of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is mainly that: the stirring time in the steps (1), (2) and (3) is 15min, and the mass percentages of the inorganic mineral material and the composite flocculant material are respectively 98% and 2%.
The inorganic mineral dehydrating agent of the embodiment is used for treating printing and dyeing sludge with the water content of 85 percent, and the dehydrating process comprises the following steps: according to the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into the printing and dyeing sludge according to the proportion of 1:20, compensating the water content of the sludge by 150%, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 205mm), pumping the printing and dyeing sludge into a plate and frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 15min under the mud pressure of 1MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to the normal pressure, taking out a mud cake, and testing the water content of the mud cake to be 28.5%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, which was extruded and cut into sludge granules of 10mm by 10mm in diameter. And (3) the sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a drying device, the sludge particles are fed into the drying device which adopts natural air as a drying medium for drying for 60min, and the water content of the sludge particles is obtained after drying treatment.
The drying device of this embodiment adopts a concurrent flow type drying apparatus (as shown in fig. 2) in which natural air is directly used as a drying medium, specifically, in this embodiment, an upper space at the upper part of the conveying belt inside the casing is divided into three air-introducing channels 2, 4, and 6 by two upper partition baffles 3, and a lower space is divided into three air-introducing channels 1, 3, and 5 by two lower partition baffles 17. The drying process of the sludge particles comprises the following steps: after entering the machine shell, the dry air upwards passes through the belt upper particle layer entering channel 2 through the channel 1, then downwards passes through the belt upper particle layer entering channel 3, then sequentially upwards passes through the belt particle layer entering channel 4, downwards passes through the belt particle layer entering channel 5, upwards passes through the belt particle layer entering channel 6, enters an air guiding pipeline of the dust remover, and then is guided into the bag type dust remover for dust removal.
Example 3
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material and a composite flocculant material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 42.5PO cement, 30%; 40% of sulphoaluminate cement; 10% of silica fume; 20% of anhydrite. The composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium chloride and potassium alum according to a mass ratio of 4: 1. The granularity of all raw materials in the inorganic mineral composite sludge dehydrating agent is over a 300-mesh standard sieve.
The processing procedure of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 2, and the difference is mainly that: the mass percentages of the inorganic mineral material and the composite flocculant material are respectively 95% and 5%.
The inorganic mineral dehydrating agent of the embodiment is used for treating the coal washing slurry with the water content of 90 percent in a dehydrating process comprising the following steps:
according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: dry-cleaning the coal slime, namely mixing an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into the coal slime, strongly mixing to ensure that the coal slime has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 210mm), pumping the coal slime into a plate-and-frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 10min under the mud pressure of 1.2MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out mud cakes, and testing the water content of the mud cakes to be 25%; then the mud cake is put into an extrusion granulator, and extruded and cut into washed coal mud particles with the diameter of 8mm multiplied by 8 mm. The coal washing slurry particles fall into a feeding port of the drying device, and are fed into the drying device for drying for 30min, and the water content of the coal washing slurry particles is obtained after drying, wherein the coal washing slurry particles are 18.5%, and natural air is adopted as a drying medium in the embodiment of the concurrent flow type drying device.
Example 4
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material (99%) and a composite flocculant material (1%), wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 42.5PO cement, 30%; 10% of ferro-aluminate cement; 20% of biomass incineration ash; 30% of fly ash; 10% of desulfurized gypsum; the composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium sulfate and PAM in a mass ratio of 10:1, and the granularity of all raw materials is 300-mesh standard sieve.
The inorganic mineral dehydrating agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into municipal sludge according to a ratio of 1:10, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 220mm), pumping the municipal sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 10min under the sludge pressure of 1.2MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out sludge cakes, and testing the water content of the sludge cakes to be 40%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, and extruded and cut into sludge granules having a diameter of 10mm × 10 mm. And (3) the sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a drying device, and a downstream type drying device which takes natural air as a drying medium is fed for drying, wherein the drying time is 90min, and the water content of the sludge particles is 20%.
Example 5
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material (95%) and a composite flocculant material (5%), wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 42.5PO cement, 15%; 10% of ferro-aluminate cement; 10% of slag micropowder; 30% of fly ash; 10% of straw powder; 10% of desulfurized gypsum; 15 percent of quicklime. The composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium chloride and polyferric chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the granularity of all raw materials is 200-mesh standard sieve.
The processing procedure of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the stirring time in each step was 10 min.
The process for treating the blue algae sludge with the water content of 200% by using the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent comprises the following steps: according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into blue algae sludge according to a ratio of 1:10, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 220mm), pumping the blue algae sludge into a plate-and-frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 15min under the mud pressure of 1.5MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out a mud cake, and testing the water content of the mud cake to be 35%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, and extruded and cut into sludge granules having a diameter of 10mm × 10 mm. The sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a counter-flow drying device which adopts natural air as a drying medium, and are fed into the drying device for drying for 30min, so that the water content of the sludge particles is 10%.
Example 6
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material (97%) and a composite flocculant material (3%), wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: slag portland cement, 10%; 60% of sulphoaluminate cement; 5% of biomass incineration ash; 13% of desulfurized gypsum; 10% of magnesium oxide; limestone, 2 percent. The composite flocculant material is a composite of polyaluminium sulfate and PAM in a mass ratio of 2:1, and the granularity of all raw materials is 200-mesh standard sieve.
The process of treating the paper sludge by using the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment comprises the following steps: according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into the waste paper papermaking sludge in a ratio of 1:25, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 215mm), pumping the waste paper papermaking sludge into a plate and frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 5min under the mud pressure of 10MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out a mud cake, and testing the water content of the mud cake to be 25%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, and extruded and cut into sludge granules having a diameter of 10mm × 10 mm. The sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a counter-flow drying device which adopts natural air as a drying medium, and are fed into the drying device for drying for 40min, so that the water content of the sludge particles is 8%.
Example 7
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dehydrating agent comprises an inorganic mineral material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 15% of fly ash Portland cement; 7% of aluminate cement; 8% of ferro-aluminate cement; 20% of slag; 15% of steel slag; 25% of fly ash; 10 percent of desulfurized gypsum.
The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment treats the printing and dyeing sludge with 87% of water content after filter pressing dehydration, and the specific dehydration process is as follows: according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into the printing and dyeing sludge according to the proportion of 1:25, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 210mm), pumping the printing and dyeing sludge into a plate and frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 8min under the sludge pressure of 5MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to normal pressure, taking out sludge cakes, and testing the water content of the sludge cakes to be 26%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, and extruded and cut into sludge granules having a diameter of 10mm × 10 mm. The sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a downstream type drying device which adopts natural air as a drying medium, and are fed into the drying device for drying, and the drying time is 50min, so that the water content of the sludge particles is 15%.
Example 8
The inorganic mineral composite sludge dewatering agent comprises an inorganic mineral material (96%) and a composite flocculant material (4%), wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises: 42.5PO cement, 30%; 25% of ferro-aluminate cement; 4% of slag micropowder; 11% of fly ash; 30 percent of desulfurized gypsum. The composite flocculant material is a composite of a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent and PAM according to the mass ratio of 1:3, and the granularity of all raw materials is 200-mesh standard sieve.
The processing procedure of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the difference is that: the stirring time in each step was 10 min.
The process for treating the blue algae sludge with the water content of 200% by using the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent comprises the following steps: according to the inorganic mineral dehydrating agent: stirring an inorganic mineral dehydrating agent into blue algae sludge according to the proportion of 1:15, strongly stirring to ensure that the sludge has obvious apparent fluidity (slump of 220mm), pumping the blue algae sludge into a plate and frame filter press by using a high-pressure slurry pump, keeping the pressure for 13min under the mud pressure of 2MPa, closing the slurry pump, reducing the pressure to the normal pressure, taking out a mud cake, and testing the water content of the mud cake to be 28%; the cake was then fed into an extrusion granulator, where it was extruded and cut into sludge granules of 8mm by 8mm in diameter. The sludge particles fall into a feeding port of a counter-flow drying device which adopts natural air as a drying medium, and are fed into the drying device for drying for 30min, so that the water content of the sludge particles is 9%.
Claims (10)
1. An inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for rapidly dehydrating sludge is characterized in that: the material comprises an inorganic mineral material, wherein the inorganic mineral material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of general cement, 10-60% of aluminate cement, 0-15% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 5-60% of artificial volcanic ash, 10-30% of gypsum and 0-5% of limestone.
2. The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for sludge rapid dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the general cement is Portland cement, ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement, fly ash Portland cement, volcanic ash Portland cement and composite Portland cement with the mark number of more than or equal to 42.5, and preferably the ordinary Portland cement with the mark number of more than or equal to 42.5; the aluminate-containing cement is one or more of aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement and ferro-aluminate cement.
3. The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for sludge rapid dehydration according to claim 1, characterized in that: the alkaline earth metal oxide is one or more of calcium oxide, magnesium oxide and calcined dolomite, the artificial volcanic ash is one or more of slag, steel slag, fly ash, magnesium smelting reduction slag, biomass incineration ash, coal gasifier ash, biomass straws and silica fume, and preferably one or more of fly ash, biomass incineration ash and biomass straws.
4. The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for sludge rapid dehydration according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the dewatering agent also comprises a flocculant material, wherein the mass percent of the flocculant material in the total amount of the dewatering agent is 0-5%.
5. The inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent for sludge rapid dehydration according to claim 4, characterized in that: the flocculant material adopts inorganic flocculant or organic flocculant or combination thereof, wherein the inorganic flocculant is selected from one or more of PAC, polyaluminium sulfate, polyferric chloride, magnesium polychloride, potassium alum, ammonium alum and polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, and the organic flocculant is selected from PAM.
6. A method for preparing a composite dehydrating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step 1: mixing the raw materials in the inorganic mineral material according to a mixing ratio, and stirring the mixture into a uniform mixture, namely the inorganic mineral composite material;
step 2: preparing organic flocculant and inorganic flocculant required by the preparation, and then stirring the materials into a uniform mixture to obtain a flocculant material;
and step 3: and stirring and mixing the obtained inorganic mineral composite material and a flocculating agent material again according to the designed matching proportion to obtain the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent.
7. Use of a composite dewatering agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the composite dewatering agent is added to sludge to be treated for dewatering the sludge.
8. The use of a composite dehydrating agent according to claim 7, comprising in particular the following steps:
step one, directly adding the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent into sludge to be treated, adding water, uniformly stirring to obtain sludge slurry, and then performing filter pressing treatment to obtain a plastic mud cake;
step two, carrying out extrusion granulation treatment on the obtained plastic mud cakes to obtain sludge particles with the diameter of 5-20 mm and the length of 5-20 mm;
and step three, drying the obtained sludge particles to obtain the sludge particles with the water content less than or equal to 20 percent.
9. Use of a composite dehydrating agent according to claim 8, characterized in that: in the first step, the mass ratio of the addition amount of the inorganic mineral composite dehydrating agent to the absolute dry sludge is 1: 10-1: 40, the slump of the obtained sludge slurry is not lower than 200mm, the pressure of the filter-pressed slurry is 0.5-10 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-30 min.
10. Use of a composite dehydrating agent according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: adopt natural drying or sunning place sunning drying or adopt drying equipment to carry out the drying in the third step, more preferred, drying equipment includes casing (2), and casing (2) are inside to be separated for two spaces from top to bottom through air permeability conveyor belt (5) along its length direction horizontal distribution, and wherein upper portion space is separated for a plurality of bleed passageway through last wall baffle (3), and lower part space is separated for a plurality of bleed passageway through wall baffle (17) down, and the air passes air permeability conveyor belt (5) and gets into lower part bleed passageway and upper portion bleed passageway in proper order in turn after getting into through air inlet (7) of casing (2) one end.
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