CN112158700A - Testing device for safety tongs of high-speed elevator and application method thereof - Google Patents
Testing device for safety tongs of high-speed elevator and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112158700A CN112158700A CN202011157346.4A CN202011157346A CN112158700A CN 112158700 A CN112158700 A CN 112158700A CN 202011157346 A CN202011157346 A CN 202011157346A CN 112158700 A CN112158700 A CN 112158700A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/04—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions for detecting excessive speed
- B66B5/048—Testing of overspeed governor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/16—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well
- B66B5/18—Braking or catch devices operating between cars, cages, or skips and fixed guide elements or surfaces in hoistway or well and applying frictional retarding forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test device of high-speed elevator safety gear and an application method thereof, wherein the test device comprises a horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety gear experiment bench which is similar to an elevator car, and a plate car for bearing and driving the elevator safety gear experiment bench; a plate trailer is arranged in the horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety gear experiment bench is arranged on the plate trailer, and the elevator safety gear to be tested is fixed on the elevator safety gear experiment bench; an elevator guide rail is erected on the side wall of the horizontal tunnel; an elevator speed limiter used for monitoring the speed of an elevator safety gear experiment bench and connected with the elevator safety gear is further arranged in the horizontal tunnel. The invention adopts a horizontal arrangement form, has low construction cost and breaks through the current situation of high investment in the field of high-speed elevator safety gear testing at present; the safety is good, and the convenience of installation, debugging and observation is better; because no obstacles such as floor clapboards and the like exist, the working efficiency is higher; the plate trailer carrying experiment bench has the advantages of pure driving technology, realization of higher speed and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of research and development and performance test of elevator safety tongs, and relates to a test device of high-speed elevator safety tongs and an application method thereof.
Background
Due to the progress of the technical level of elevators and the vigorous demand of more and more skyscraper high-rise buildings for high-speed elevators, the design speed and the actual operation speed of elevators are continuously increased. In the late part of the last century, the elevators with the highest global running speed appeared mostly in japan, and according to the related information, the highest speed of the elevators increased from 300m/min in 1968 to 540m/min in 1974, and then to 810m/min in 1993. After the 21 st century, ultra-high speed elevators began to appear in taiwan, mainland china and the middle east. At present, the instantaneous speed of the ultra-high-speed elevator arranged in the Shanghai Central building and Guangzhou east tower can reach 1200m/min, which is the most important at present.
It goes without saying that the operational safety of high-speed elevators is of utmost importance and that the safety protection of the elevator system should function reliably to ensure the safety of passengers in the car even in extremely emergency situations, such as when the suspension elements break. The safety tongs are the most critical part in the elevator safety protection device, are linked with the speed limiter, realize the protective action that the elevator is out of control and overspeed, and are the last barrier preventing the elevator car from falling. The typical high-speed elevator safety tongs comprise main elements such as a tong body, a tong block, a compression spring and the like, and when the safety tongs act, a strong friction force is generated between the tong block and a guide rail to stop a car.
The research and development of the safety tongs of the high-speed elevator have great difficulty, and more new materials, new processes and new methods are involved, so a great amount of exploratory tests are needed. Meanwhile, as the elevator safety gear is an extremely important safety component, when a new product is developed, a sample machine needs to be subjected to a very severe reliability test; in addition, stringent pattern testing is passed before the product is marketed. At present, the performance test of the elevator safety tongs is mostly completed on an elevator test tower. In order to develop higher speed elevator products, the height of the elevator test tower is also higher in recent years. According to the industry data, the height of the current global highest elevator test tower reaches 300m, and the investment amount reaches hundreds of millions of yuan RMB.
In addition to the high construction costs of elevator test towers, there are many potential safety hazards and technical shortcomings to develop safety tongs tests on vertical elevator test towers. Firstly, the well in the elevator test tower is very deep, and light is not bright enough, and it is very inconvenient when the experimenter installation debugging experiment model machine to and arrange experimental apparatus such as sensor, data line, have the danger of falling and shearing. Secondly, there are physics separation such as floor and wall body between the testing personnel of different floors in the elevator tower, cooperation such as the vision between the personnel, conversation, contact, early warning is all very inconvenient, cooperates improper not only to influence work efficiency, can lead to the safety problem moreover. Thirdly, the elevator safety tongs in the elevator tower closed well are installed on the side face of the bottom of the elevator car, personnel are difficult to approach, and when the safety tongs are used for testing, the personnel can not directly observe the friction braking experiment phenomenon outside the well. Finally, after the elevator safety gear test is completed, the components such as the elevator safety gear, the car and the like need to be reset, and the elevator guide rail needs to be replaced if necessary, so that the related operation in the elevator tower is very inconvenient. In summary, there are many technical problems to be solved in the elevator safety gear testing method and device widely used at present based on the vertical elevator testing tower.
Therefore, the development of the test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear capable of overcoming the defects is of practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of high cost and inconvenient operation and use in the prior art and provides a test device of high-speed elevator safety tongs, which can overcome the defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a test device for high-speed elevator safety tongs comprises a horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety tong test bench in the shape of an elevator car and a plate car for bearing and driving the elevator safety tong test bench;
a plate trailer is arranged in the horizontal tunnel, the movement direction of the plate trailer is the same as the length direction of the horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety gear experiment bench is fixedly arranged on the plate trailer, and an elevator safety gear to be tested is fixed on the elevator safety gear experiment bench;
an elevator guide rail is erected on the side wall of the horizontal tunnel, and when the elevator safety gear acts, friction force is generated between the gear block and the elevator guide rail to realize braking of the safety gear;
the elevator safety tongs experiment bench is characterized in that an elevator speed limiter used for monitoring the speed of the elevator safety tongs experiment bench is further arranged in the horizontal tunnel, the elevator speed limiter is connected with the elevator safety tongs to be tested, when the elevator speed limiter monitors that the elevator safety tongs experiment bench exceeds the speed, the elevator speed limiter is linked with the elevator safety tongs to be tested, and the elevator safety tongs experiment bench is braked.
In practical application, the horizontal tunnel can be built below a terrace of a fixed experiment site, and three-side surrounding walls of the tunnel and two end faces in the length direction have enough strength. For developing higher-speed elevator products in the future, the length of the tunnel is considered to be 500 meters, and the test speed can reach 120km/h (based on the current electric traction technical level measurement). Meanwhile, based on the expandability consideration of test items and devices, the cross section size of the tunnel is larger than that of the elevator car, and a space for covering the tunnel is reserved, so that the elevator car can be integrally and horizontally placed in the tunnel for relevant tests such as gas dynamics.
Compared with the prior art in vertical arrangement, the high-speed elevator safety gear testing device adopts a horizontal arrangement mode, is low in construction cost, provides a low-cost testing scheme, and breaks through the current situation of high investment in the field of high-speed elevator safety gear testing; meanwhile, the device is convenient to use and maintain, and has good safety (no falling risk); in addition, the plate trailer is adopted to provide power for the elevator safety gear experiment bench, and compared with the existing traction elevator technology (the steel wire rope on the rope groove of the traction wheel is driven by the rotation of the motor to move so as to further pull the elevator car to move up and down), the driving and control technology is more advanced and mature, higher experiment speed can be achieved, and the application prospect is good.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the test device for the safety tongs of the high-speed elevator, two parallel steel rails are arranged at the bottom of the horizontal tunnel, and the plate trailer is arranged on the steel rails and moves horizontally along the steel rails;
the steel rail is fixed with the bottom of the horizontal tunnel through a fastener. The protection scope of the invention is not limited to this, because the plate trailer is designed with double rows of wheels, two parallel steel rails are adopted, and in fact, the technical personnel in the field can reasonably adjust the track and the plate trailer according to the actual need.
According to the test device for the high-speed elevator safety gear, two elevator guide rails are arranged and are respectively arranged on two sides of the elevator safety gear test bench;
the elevator guide rail is a T-shaped solid elevator guide rail and is fixed with the side wall of the horizontal gallery through a guide rail bracket, so that a simulation test is realized to the greatest extent.
According to the test device for the safety tongs of the high-speed elevator, two hydraulic buffers are horizontally arranged at two ends of the horizontal tunnel to protect the plate trailer, so that the damage of the plate trailer caused by the fact that the plate trailer is out of control and collides with the end face of the tunnel can be avoided, test items of the buffer of the high-speed elevator can be developed based on the hydraulic buffers, and an elevator speed limiter is also arranged in the horizontal tunnel;
the elevator speed limiter is a centrifugal speed limiter, a speed limiter steel wire rope of the elevator speed limiter is connected with a pull rod of an elevator safety tongs through a connecting rod, and then the linkage of the elevator speed limiter and the elevator safety tongs is completed. The form of the elevator speed limiter of the invention is not limited to this, and the person skilled in the art can adjust it according to the actual situation, and the invention only provides a feasible technical solution.
The test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear comprises a plate trailer (an electric plate trailer), a frame, a traction connecting device, a trolley floor and an emergency braking system, wherein the plate trailer (the electric plate trailer) comprises a traction motor, a gear reduction box, a wheel pair (one wheel pair comprises two wheels and an axle for connecting the two wheels), the axle box, the frame, the traction connecting device and the emergency braking system;
the whole frame is I-shaped, axle boxes for mounting axles are respectively arranged at four free ends of the frame, two opposite wheels are connected through a transmission shaft, a gear reduction box is sleeved on the transmission shaft, a transmission gear of the gear reduction box is matched with an output gear sleeved on an output shaft of a traction motor, and the traction motor is fixed on the transmission shaft;
the emergency braking system comprises a plurality of emergency brakes correspondingly mounted on each wheel;
the middle part of the framework sinks, a traction connecting device (such as a spring damping shock absorption system) made of flexible materials is arranged at the position of the sinking recess, and a trolley floor used for bearing an elevator safety gear experiment bench is arranged on the traction connecting device so as to ensure that the traction connecting device and the trolley floor are flexibly connected in the vertical direction (have the functions of buffering and shock insulation) and are rigidly connected in the horizontal running direction.
The speed regulation control of the plate trailer is realized by a Variable Voltage Variable Frequency (VVVF) technology of a traction motor, and the running speed of the plate trailer is continuously adjustable within the range of 0-120 km/h. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, the flat car can also be a diesel-powered or gasoline-powered locomotive, the present invention only takes an electric flat car as an example, and the specific structure and the arrangement of the frame are not limited to this, and those skilled in the art can adjust the present invention according to the actual situation.
According to the test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear, the emergency brake comprises an electromagnetic coil, an iron core, a brake pull rod, a compression spring, a brake arm, a brake connecting rod, a pin shaft and a brake pad;
the electromagnetic coil and the iron core are positioned in the middle of the brake pull rod and are coaxial with the brake pull rod, two brake arms which are parallel to each other and vertical to the brake pull rod are connected to the brake pull rod, compression springs are arranged at two ends of the brake pull rod, one end of each compression spring is connected with the limiting end of the brake pull rod, and the other end of each compression spring is connected with the brake arm;
the brake pads are arranged at one ends of the two brake arms far away from the brake pull rod, the middle parts of the two brake arms are connected with each other through a brake connecting rod, and the brake connecting rod is parallel to the brake pull rod and is connected with the brake arms through a pin shaft. The emergency brake of the plate trailer acts in a power-off braking mode, namely when a control system monitors that the elevator safety gear fails to brake (or a tester manually operates an emergency stop button), an electromagnetic coil of the emergency brake is immediately powered off, an iron core is pulled out from the coil, and then a pull rod is driven to open the upper end of a brake arm, and a brake pad at the lower end of the brake arm clamps a brake disc on a wheel due to the matching of a brake connecting rod and a pin shaft, so that friction braking is realized.
According to the test device for the high-speed elevator safety gear, the number of the elevator safety gears to be tested is two, and the two elevator safety gears to be tested are respectively fixed on two sides of the elevator safety gear test bench;
the elevator safety gear experiment bench comprises a square car;
the square car is characterized in that two corners of the test motion direction of the square car are sleeved with joists, the square car is externally provided with an annular stiffening beam structure, the annular stiffening beam comprises a girder I, a side beam I, a girder II and a side beam II which are sequentially connected, the girder I is positioned on the side of the test motion direction of the square car, the side beam I and the side beam II are parallel to the elevator guide rail, and the elevator safety tongs to be tested are fixed on the side beam I and the side beam II.
The elevator safety gear experiment bench is a typical elevator car frame structure (which can also be an elevator car whole, namely comprising a car frame, a car wall, a car roof, a car door and the like) which is horizontally arranged. Before the elevator safety gear is triggered to act by the speed limiter, two clamp blocks of the safety gear keep proper clearance (no contact and no friction) with an elevator guide rail, and the experiment bench can horizontally move under the traction of an (electric) plate car; when the elevator safety gear acts, the wedge-shaped clamp block is clamped into a gap between the clamp body and the guide rail, and a strong friction braking effect is generated between the clamp block and the guide rail.
According to the test device for the safety tongs of the high-speed elevator, four diagonal draw bar structures are further arranged outside the square car, one ends of the diagonal draw bar structures are fixed to the side beam I or the side beam II and far away from the beam supporting end, the other ends of the diagonal draw bar structures are fixed to the supporting beam, and the diagonal draw bar structures, the supporting beam and the side beam I or the side beam II are enclosed to form a right-angled triangular structure. The specific structure of the experimental bench for the elevator safety gear is not limited to the above, and the invention is only taken as an example to provide a feasible technical scheme, and the structure of the experimental bench for the elevator safety gear can be reasonably designed by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements.
The test device for the high-speed elevator safety gear further comprises a comprehensive control platform for controlling the plate trailer and a sensor for acquiring the speed and the acceleration of the plate trailer. The scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and other types of sensors may be provided according to actual needs.
The invention also provides a method for testing the safety gear of the high-speed elevator by applying the testing device of the safety gear of the high-speed elevator, which comprises the following steps:
(1) installing an elevator safety gear to be tested on an elevator safety gear experiment bench, connecting the elevator safety gear to be tested with an elevator speed limiter, specifically, connecting a steel wire rope of the elevator speed limiter with the elevator safety gear through a pull rod, ensuring that the elevator speed limiter can be triggered, effectively lifting a safety gear wedge block, adding a load on the elevator safety gear experiment bench and installing a sensor;
(2) adjusting the pretightening force of a safety tongs pressing spring to keep a proper distance between a tong block and an elevator guide rail; the operation of the plate trailer is debugged in the horizontal tunnel, so that the plate trailer and an elevator safety gear experiment rack can be ensured to run on their own paths, and the plate trailer and the elevator safety gear experiment rack can run smoothly without blockage;
(3) starting and accelerating the plate trailer at the starting position of the test, so that the running speed of the plate trailer and the experimental bench of the elevator safety tongs reaches the triggering speed of the elevator speed limiter, a corresponding safety loop signal immediately cuts off a power supply, and meanwhile, a mechanical part of the elevator speed limiter acts to quickly trigger the safety tongs to act;
(4) observing the phenomenon of the braking process of the elevator safety gear, recording data, and immediately intervening an emergency braking system of the plate car to implement emergency braking if the comprehensive control platform pre-judges that the braking of the safety gear fails by monitoring the braking deceleration (or when a tester manually judges that the elevator safety gear cannot be successfully braked and then manually operates an emergency stop button);
(5) after the test is finished, the related switch in the safety loop is manually reset, and the electric scooter is reversely operated to reset the safety tongs.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) the elevator safety gear experiment system is arranged in the horizontal tunnel, personal risks such as falling and shearing of testers are reduced, and therefore the elevator safety gear experiment system is safer than an experiment system vertically arranged in an elevator shaft;
(2) based on the device and the method provided by the invention, testers can install and debug test samples more easily, test instruments and devices can be arranged more easily, and experimental phenomena and data can be observed and recorded more easily; because no obstacles such as floor clapboards exist, the cooperation of visual observation, conversation, contact, early warning and the like among testers is smoother, and the test efficiency is higher;
(3) the experimental bench of the elevator safety tongs provided by the invention is carried by the electric plate car, and because the driving and control technology of the electric car is very mature, compared with the technical level of the existing elevator, the experimental speed of the elevator safety tongs can be obviously improved, so that a higher-speed elevator product can be developed;
(4) compared with a vertically arranged super high-rise elevator test tower, the elevator test system based on the horizontal tunnel has lower manufacturing cost, can be conveniently expanded, and is easy to realize technical transformation and updating.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of a test apparatus of a high-speed elevator safety gear of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pallet truck;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an emergency brake of the pallet truck;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an elevator safety gear experimental bench;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the elevator safety gear;
fig. 7 is a step chart for a high speed elevator safety gear test using the apparatus of the present invention;
10-horizontal gallery, 11-elevator guide rail, 12-steel rail, 13-hydraulic buffer, 14-elevator speed limiter and 15-speed limiter steel wire rope; 20-trigger, 21-traction motor, 22-gear reduction box, 23-wheel, 24-axle box, 25-frame, 26-traction connection device, 27-car floor, 28-emergency brake, 281-solenoid and iron core, 282-brake pull rod, 283-compression spring, 284-brake arm, 285-brake link, 286-pin, 287-brake pad, 288-wheel; 30-an elevator safety gear experiment bench, 31-main beams I and 32-joists, 33-side beams I and 34-main beams II and 35-diagonal draw bar structures, and 36-an elevator safety gear to be tested; 40-comprehensive control platform.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the attached drawings.
Example 1
A test device for high-speed elevator safety gear is shown in figure 1, and comprises a horizontal tunnel 10, an elevator safety gear test bench 30 which is similar to an elevator car, a plate trailer 20 (provided with sensors for acquiring the speed and acceleration of the plate trailer) for bearing and driving the elevator safety gear test bench, and a comprehensive control platform 40;
wherein, the horizontal tunnel 10 (the length is 500m, the length can be adjusted according to the actual requirement) is built below the terrace, the three surrounding walls of the tunnel and two end faces in the length direction have enough strength, so that the related parts such as guide rails, tracks, buffers and the like can be arranged in the tunnel, and the tunnel can bear heavy objects such as the plate trailer 20, the elevator safety gear experiment bench 30, the experiment load and the like;
the comprehensive control platform 40 is placed outside the tunnel and comprises a control system of a plate trailer, an experimental industrial personal computer, recording and displaying equipment and the like;
as shown in fig. 2, the bottom of the horizontal tunnel 10 is provided with two parallel steel rails 12, the steel rails 12 are connected with the bottom of the tunnel 10 through fasteners, the specific installation requirements of the steel rails can refer to GB50490, a pallet truck 20 is arranged on the steel rails 12 and moves horizontally along the steel rails 12, the movement direction of the pallet truck 20 is the same as the length direction of the horizontal tunnel 10, an elevator safety gear experiment bench 30 is fixedly arranged on the pallet truck 20, and two sides of the elevator safety gear experiment bench 30 are fixed with two elevator safety gears 36 to be tested;
a T-shaped solid elevator guide rail 11 is horizontally erected on each of the left side wall and the right side wall of the horizontal tunnel 10, the guide rails are connected with the side walls through guide rail supports (not shown in the figure), the specific installation requirements of the elevator guide rails can refer to GB7588, two hydraulic buffers 13 are horizontally arranged at two ends of the horizontal tunnel 10, an elevator speed limiter 14 is further arranged in the horizontal tunnel, the elevator speed limiter 14 is a centrifugal speed limiter, a speed limiter steel wire rope 15 of the elevator speed limiter 14 is connected with a pull rod of an elevator safety tong 36 to be tested through a connecting rod, and therefore the linkage of the elevator speed limiter 14 and the elevator safety tong 36 to be tested is completed;
the plate trailer 30 is shown in fig. 3 and comprises a traction motor 21, a gear reduction box 22, wheel pairs, axle boxes 24, a framework 25, a traction connecting device 26, a trolley floor 27 and an emergency braking system; the whole frame 25 is I-shaped, four free ends of the frame 25 are respectively provided with axle boxes 24 for mounting axles, two opposite wheels 23 are connected through a transmission shaft, a gear reduction box 22 is sleeved on the transmission shaft, a transmission gear of the gear reduction box 22 is matched with an output gear sleeved on an output shaft of a traction motor 21, the traction motor 21 is fixed on the transmission shaft, the middle part of the frame 25 sinks, a traction connecting device 26 made of flexible materials is arranged at the sinking depression, a trolley floor 27 for bearing an elevator safety gear experiment bench is arranged on the traction connecting device 26, an emergency braking system comprises a plurality of emergency brakes 28 correspondingly arranged on each wheel, when a high-speed elevator safety gear experiment is carried out, a trolley firstly pulls the safety gear experiment bench (or a car whole) to run with high speed, and after the action speed set by an elevator is reached, the power of the electric trolley is cut off, meanwhile, the safety gear of the elevator immediately brakes, if the safety gear fails to brake, the emergency brake 28 of the plate trailer immediately acts to brake the plate trailer;
the emergency brake 28 is also essentially a disc brake, as shown in fig. 4, and comprises an electromagnetic coil and iron core 281, a brake pull rod 282, a hold-down spring 283, brake arms 284, a brake link 285, a pin 286 and a brake pad 287, wherein the electromagnetic coil and iron core 281 is located in the middle of the brake pull rod 282 and is coaxial with the brake pull rod 282, two brake arms 284 which are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the brake pull rod 282 are connected to the brake pull rod 282, the hold-down spring 283 is provided at both ends of the brake pull rod 282, one end of the hold-down spring 283 is connected to a limit end of the brake pull rod 282, the other end is connected to the brake arms 284, a brake pad 287 is installed at one end of the two brake arms 284 which is far from the brake pull rod 282, the middle of the two brake arms 284 are connected to each other through a brake link 285, the brake link 285 is parallel to the brake pull rod 282 and is connected to the brake, the brake is not driven by hydraulic pressure or air pressure, but is driven by electromagnetism, the working principle is as shown in figure 4, when the control system automatically monitors that the safety gear fails to brake, or when a tester manually operates an emergency stop button, the electromagnetic coil of the emergency brake is immediately de-energized, the iron core is pulled out from the coil, then the brake pull rod is driven to open the upper end of the brake arm, and the brake pad at the lower end of the brake arm clamps the brake disc on the wheel 288 to realize friction braking because of the matching of the brake connecting rod and the pin shaft;
the elevator safety gear experiment bench 30 comprises a square car, joists 32 are sleeved on two corners of the square car in the test movement direction, an annular reinforcing beam structure is arranged outside the square car and comprises a main beam I31, a side beam I33, a main beam II 34 and a side beam II which are sequentially connected, the four corners are connected end to form a square structure, the main beam I31 is positioned on the side of the square car in the test movement direction, the side beam I33 and the side beam II are parallel to an elevator guide rail 11, an elevator safety gear 36 to be tested is fixed on the side beam I33 and the side beam II, four diagonal draw bar structures 35 are arranged outside the square car, one end of each diagonal draw bar structure 35 is fixed at the end, far away from the joists 32, of the side beam I33 or the side beam II, the other end of each diagonal draw bar structure 35, the joists 32 and the side beam I33 or the side beam II form a right-, the two clamp blocks of the elevator safety clamp 36 to be tested keep proper clearance (no contact and no friction) with the elevator guide rail 11, and the elevator safety clamp experiment bench 30 can move horizontally under the traction of the plate trailer 10; after the elevator safety gear 36 is triggered by the speed limiter to act, the wedge-shaped clamp block is clamped into a gap between the clamp body and the guide rail, a strong friction braking effect is generated between the clamp block and the guide rail, and the working principle of the elevator safety gear is shown in fig. 6;
the steps of the method for testing the high-speed elevator safety gear by using the test device for the high-speed elevator safety gear are shown in figure 7:
s001, installing the elevator safety gear to be tested on an elevator safety gear experiment bench, connecting the elevator safety gear to be tested with an elevator speed limiter, ensuring that the elevator speed limiter can be triggered to act, effectively pulling a safety gear wedge block, adding a load on the elevator safety gear experiment bench and installing a sensor;
s002, adjusting the pre-tightening force of a safety gear compression spring to enable a clamp block to keep a proper distance from an elevator guide rail; the operation of the plate trailer is debugged in the horizontal tunnel, so that the plate trailer and an elevator safety gear experiment rack can be ensured to run on their own paths, and the plate trailer and the elevator safety gear experiment rack can run smoothly without blockage;
s003, starting and accelerating the plate trailer at the starting position of the test to enable the running speed of the plate trailer and the experimental bench of the elevator safety tongs to reach the triggering speed of the elevator speed limiter, immediately cutting off a power supply by a corresponding safety loop signal, and meanwhile, quickly triggering the safety tongs to act by the action of mechanical parts of the elevator speed limiter;
s004, observing the phenomenon of the braking process of the elevator safety gear, recording data, and immediately intervening in an emergency braking system of the plate trailer to implement emergency braking if the comprehensive control platform pre-judges that the safety gear fails to brake by monitoring braking deceleration;
and S005, after the test is finished, manually resetting the relevant switch in the safety loop, and reversely operating the electric scooter to reset the safety tongs.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are merely illustrative and various changes or modifications may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test device for high-speed elevator safety gear is characterized by comprising a horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety gear test bench in the shape of an elevator car and a plate trailer for bearing and driving the elevator safety gear test bench;
a plate trailer is arranged in the horizontal tunnel, the movement direction of the plate trailer is the same as the length direction of the horizontal tunnel, an elevator safety gear experiment bench is fixedly arranged on the plate trailer, and an elevator safety gear to be tested is fixed on the elevator safety gear experiment bench;
an elevator guide rail is erected on the side wall of the horizontal tunnel, and when the elevator safety gear acts, friction force is generated between the gear block and the elevator guide rail to realize braking of the safety gear;
the elevator speed limiter is characterized in that an elevator speed limiter used for monitoring the speed of an elevator safety gear experiment bench is further arranged in the horizontal tunnel, the elevator speed limiter is connected with an elevator safety gear to be tested through a speed limiter rope, when the elevator speed limiter monitors that the elevator safety gear experiment bench exceeds the speed, the elevator speed limiter is linked with the elevator safety gear to be tested, and braking is carried out on the elevator safety gear experiment bench.
2. The test device for the safety gear of the high-speed elevator is characterized in that two parallel steel rails are arranged at the bottom of the horizontal tunnel, and a plate trailer is arranged on the steel rails and moves horizontally along the steel rails;
the steel rail is fixed with the bottom of the horizontal tunnel through a fastener.
3. The test device for the safety gear of the high-speed elevator according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the elevator guide rails is two, and the two elevator guide rails are respectively arranged on two sides of an elevator safety gear test bench;
the elevator guide rail is a T-shaped solid elevator guide rail and is fixed with the side wall of the horizontal gallery through a guide rail bracket.
4. The test device of the safety gear of the high-speed elevator is characterized in that two hydraulic buffers are horizontally arranged at two ends of the horizontal tunnel, and an elevator speed limiter is further arranged in the horizontal tunnel;
the elevator speed limiter is a centrifugal speed limiter, a speed limiter steel wire rope of the elevator speed limiter is connected with a pull rod of an elevator safety tongs through a connecting rod, and then the linkage of the elevator speed limiter and the elevator safety tongs is completed.
5. The test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate trailer comprises a traction motor, a gear reduction box, wheel pairs, axle boxes, a frame, a traction connection device, a trolley floor and an emergency braking system;
the whole frame is I-shaped, axle boxes for mounting axles are respectively arranged at four free ends of the frame, two opposite wheels are connected through a transmission shaft, a gear reduction box is sleeved on the transmission shaft, a transmission gear of the gear reduction box is matched with an output gear sleeved on an output shaft of a traction motor, and the traction motor is fixed on the transmission shaft;
the emergency braking system includes a plurality of emergency brakes correspondingly mounted on each wheel.
6. The test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear according to claim 5, characterized in that the emergency brake comprises an electromagnetic coil, an iron core, a brake pull rod, a compression spring, a brake arm, a brake connecting rod, a pin shaft and a brake pad;
the electromagnetic coil and the iron core are positioned in the middle of the brake pull rod and are coaxial with the brake pull rod, two brake arms which are parallel to each other and vertical to the brake pull rod are connected to the brake pull rod, compression springs are arranged at two ends of the brake pull rod, one end of each compression spring is connected with the limiting end of the brake pull rod, and the other end of each compression spring is connected with the brake arm;
the brake pads are arranged at one ends of the two brake arms far away from the brake pull rod, the middle parts of the two brake arms are connected with each other through a brake connecting rod, and the brake connecting rod is parallel to the brake pull rod and is connected with the brake arms through a pin shaft.
7. The test device for the high-speed elevator safety gear according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of the elevator safety gears to be tested is two, and the two elevator safety gears are respectively fixed on two sides of an elevator safety gear test rack;
the elevator safety gear experiment bench comprises a square car;
the square car is characterized in that two corners of the test motion direction of the square car are sleeved with joists, the square car is externally provided with an annular stiffening beam structure, the annular stiffening beam comprises a girder I, a side beam I, a girder II and a side beam II which are sequentially connected, the girder I is positioned on the side of the test motion direction of the square car, the side beam I and the side beam II are parallel to the elevator guide rail, and the elevator safety tongs to be tested are fixed on the side beam I and the side beam II.
8. The test device of the high-speed elevator safety gear according to claim 7, characterized in that four diagonal draw bar structures are arranged outside the square car, one end of each diagonal draw bar structure is fixed at the end of the side beam I or the side beam II far away from the joist, the other end of each diagonal draw bar structure is fixed on the joist, and the diagonal draw bar structures, the joist and the side beam I or the side beam II enclose a right-angled triangle structure.
9. The testing device of the high-speed elevator safety gear according to claim 1, characterized in that the testing device of the high-speed elevator safety gear further comprises a comprehensive control platform for controlling the board trailer and a sensor for acquiring the speed and acceleration of the board trailer.
10. The method for testing the safety gear of the high-speed elevator by using the testing device of the safety gear of the high-speed elevator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) installing an elevator safety gear to be tested on an elevator safety gear experiment bench, connecting the elevator safety gear to be tested with an elevator speed limiter, ensuring that the elevator speed limiter can be triggered to act, effectively lifting a safety gear wedge block, adding a load on the elevator safety gear experiment bench and installing a sensor;
(2) adjusting the pretightening force of a safety tongs pressing spring to keep a proper distance between a tong block and an elevator guide rail; the operation of the plate trailer is debugged in the horizontal tunnel, so that the plate trailer and an elevator safety gear experiment rack can be ensured to run on their own paths, and the plate trailer and the elevator safety gear experiment rack can run smoothly without blockage;
(3) starting and accelerating the plate trailer at the starting position of the test, so that the running speed of the plate trailer and the experimental bench of the elevator safety tongs reaches the triggering speed of the elevator speed limiter, a corresponding safety loop signal immediately cuts off a power supply, and meanwhile, a mechanical part of the elevator speed limiter acts to quickly trigger the safety tongs to act;
(4) observing the phenomenon of the braking process of the elevator safety gear, recording data, and immediately intervening an emergency braking system of the plate car to implement emergency braking if the comprehensive control platform pre-judges that the safety gear fails to brake by monitoring the braking deceleration;
(5) after the test is finished, the related switch in the safety loop is manually reset, and the electric scooter is reversely operated to reset the safety tongs.
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