CN112155117A - 一种发酵茶粉及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种发酵茶粉及其制备方法和应用，将新鲜茶树枝粉碎，再将玉米粉与发酵菌剂混合后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得湿度保持在40％～60％，密封，置于避光环境，在18‑30℃温度下发酵10‑15天，得发酵后的茶料；然后置于40‑50℃条件下烘干，粉碎成细粉，即得发酵茶粉。本发明充分利用废弃的茶树枝发酵、制备饲料，变废为宝，其制备工艺简单，易于实施，适用于工业化大生产，所得发酵茶粉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量增加，粗纤维含量降低，易于动物消化吸收，富含茶多酚等多种营养物质，营养丰富，而且具有浓郁香味，适口性好；制成的饲料营养价值高，具有增强动物免疫力，增强抗病能力，改善肉质等功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发酵茶粉及其制备方法和应用，属于茶叶资源加工开发领域。
背景技术
我国是传统的茶叶大国，茶资源产值高，但其综合利用率不高，多数经过采摘后的废弃低档茶叶、老茶叶或修剪后的枝条未加利用，造成大量茶叶资源的浪费，同时也影响了自然环境的健康发展。
茶叶中含有多种功能性成分，主要包括茶多酚、生物碱、蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖、皂素、维生素和矿物质元素，具有增强动物机体抗氧化能力、抑菌抗病能力、降血脂、降血糖、调节动物免疫力等功能。将茶叶及其副产品作为功能性饲料或饲料添加剂进行开发应用，不仅有利于提高畜禽产品品质，研发出具有保健作用的功能性畜禽产品，而且有利于发展绿色畜牧业，构建绿色养殖环境，具有重要的社会经济效益和良好的应用前景。然而，茶叶中茶多酚及咖啡碱含量较高，口味苦涩，将其直接添加到饲料中，适口性差，可能会导致家畜采食量下降，影响其生长。另外，茶叶粗纤维含量较高，直接饲喂不利于动物的消化吸收。
中国专利公报公开了申请号为201611081822.2、申请名称为“一种功能性蛋鸡茶饲料及其制备方法”的专利申请；这个申请描述的技术是为了给茶叶找到新的使用渠道并增加提高蛋鸡产蛋质量和数量而进行的研究；实际上，茶叶被采摘之后，为了来年的茶叶质量和产量的提高需要对茶树枝进行修剪处理；剪下来的这些树枝、老的茶叶片目前都是废弃不用，十分可惜。本发明旨在充分利用茶叶废弃物，变废为宝，将其制成发酵茶饲料，提高禽畜类的抗病能力，改善其生长性能，提高禽畜类肉的品质。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种发酵茶粉及其制备方法和应用，一方面充分的利用每年修剪下来、废弃的茶树枝；另一方面用其制备的饲料具有很好的适口性和营养价值，这样能够变废为宝、提高茶资源的利用和减少环境污染。
为实现上述发明目的，本发明采用如下的技术方案：
一种发酵茶粉的制备方法，包括以下步骤：(1)将按重量计的100份新鲜茶树枝粉碎成1-3cm长，将玉米粉5份与发酵菌剂0.02份混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在40％～60％，密封，置于避光环境，在18-30℃温度下发酵，发酵周期为10-15天，得发酵后的茶料；(2)将发酵后的茶料置于40-50℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成细粉，即得。
前述发酵茶粉的制备方法，步骤(1)中所述发酵菌剂由质量比为1∶2的益生菌和酶组成。进一步的，所述益生菌为质量比1∶1∶1的芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌；所述酶为质量比1∶1∶1的纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶。
优选的，前述制备方法步骤(1)中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在50％；发酵温度为27℃，发酵周期为10天；步骤(2)中所述细粉目数为40-60目。
如前所述制备方法制得的发酵茶粉。
如前所述发酵茶粉在制备禽畜饲料中的应用。
具体的应用方式为：按重量份计，将发酵茶粉0.5-20份、玉米30-45份、豆粕20-25份、米糠8-13份、鱼粉1-3份、贝壳粉1-3份、磷酸氢钙0.5-1份、食盐0.2-0.3份和粗蛋白10-15份制成茶饲料。
优选的应用方式为：按重量份计，将发酵茶粉10份、玉米40份、豆粕20份、米糠11份、鱼粉1.5份、贝壳粉1份、磷酸氢钙0.8份、食盐0.2份和粗蛋白12份制成茶饲料。
前述应用中，所述茶饲料的制作方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取玉米、豆粕、米糠、鱼粉、贝壳粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和粗蛋白，将其混合均匀得基础饲料；
(2)按重量份称取40-60目发酵茶粉，将其与基础饲料混匀，加入适量水搅拌均匀得膏状体；
(3)将步骤(2)所得膏状体投入打料机中制成8～12mm颗粒饲料，低温干燥，封装即得。
具体的，步骤(2)中发酵茶粉和基础饲料混合物与水的重量比为1∶3。
与现有技术相比，本发明的发酵茶粉和饲料具有以下优点：
1、本发明原料来源广泛，充分利用茶资源，将修剪下来的茶树枝发酵、制备饲料，变废为宝，其制备工艺简单，易于实施，可适用于工业化大生产，具有广阔的市场前景和良好的社会经济效益。
2、本发明的发酵茶粉粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量增加，粗纤维含量降低，易于动物消化吸收，富含茶多酚、乳酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖和矿物质等营养物质，营养丰富，而且具有浓郁香味，适口性好。制成的饲料营养价值高，具有增强动物免疫力，增强抗病能力、改善肉质等功能；产品主要用于家畜、家禽的饲养，如饲养牛、猪、鸡、鸭、鹅等。
具体实施方式
本发明的实施例1：发酵茶粉的制备：将100公斤新鲜茶树枝粉碎成2cm长，将玉米粉5公斤与发酵菌剂0.02公斤混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在50％，密封，置于避光环境，在27℃温度下发酵，发酵周期为10天，得发酵后的茶料；将发酵后的茶料置于45℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成50目的细粉，即得。本实施例中，使用的发酵菌剂为质量比1∶2的益生菌(质量比1∶1∶1的芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌)和酶(质量比1∶1∶1的纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶)组成。
本发明的实施例2：茶饲料的制备：称取玉米40公斤，豆粕20公斤，米糠11公斤，鱼粉1.5公斤，贝壳粉1公斤，磷酸氢钙0.8公斤，食盐0.2公斤和市售粗蛋白粉12公斤，将其混合均匀得基础饲料；称取实施例1制得的发酵茶粉10公斤，将其与基础饲料混匀，按照混合物与水的重量比为1:3的比例加入水搅拌均匀得膏状体；然后将制得的膏状体投入打料机中制成10mm颗粒饲料，低温干燥，封装即得。
本发明的实施例3：发酵茶粉的制备方法：称取100吨新鲜茶树枝粉碎成3cm长，将玉米粉5吨与发酵菌剂0.02吨混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在60％，密封，置于避光环境，在30℃温度下发酵，发酵周期为15天，得发酵后的茶料；将发酵后的茶料置于50℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成60目的细粉，即得。本实施例中，发酵菌剂为质量比1∶2的益生菌(同等质量的芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌)和酶(同等质量的纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶)组成。
本发明的实施例4：茶饲料的制备方法：称取玉米45吨，豆粕25吨，米糠13吨，鱼粉3吨，贝壳粉3吨，磷酸氢钙1吨，食盐0.3吨和粗蛋白15吨，将其混合均匀得基础饲料；称取实施例3制得的发酵茶粉20吨，将其与基础饲料混匀，按照混合物与水的重量比为1:3的比例加入水搅拌均匀得膏状体；把制得的膏状体投入打料机中制成12mm颗粒饲料，低温干燥，封装即得。
本发明的实施例5：发酵茶粉的制备方法：将100斤新鲜茶树枝粉碎成1cm长，将玉米粉5斤与发酵菌剂0.02斤混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在40％，密封，置于避光环境，在18℃温度下发酵，发酵周期为13天，得发酵后的茶料；将发酵后的茶料置于40℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成40目的细粉，即得。所述发酵菌剂为质量比1∶2的益生菌(同等质量的芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌)和酶(同等质量的纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶)组成。
本发明的实施例6：茶饲料的制备方法：称取玉米30斤，豆粕20斤，米糠8斤，鱼粉1斤，贝壳粉1斤，磷酸氢钙0.5斤，食盐0.2斤和粗蛋白10斤，将其混合均匀得基础饲料；称取实施例5制得的发酵茶粉0.5斤，将其与基础饲料混匀，按照混合物与水的重量比为1:3的比例加入水搅拌均匀得膏状体；将制得的膏状体投入打料机中制成8mm颗粒饲料，低温干燥，封装即得。
本发明的实施例7：发酵茶粉的制备：将100重量份新鲜茶树枝粉碎成1-2cm长，将玉米粉5重量份与发酵菌剂0.02重量份混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在50％～60％，密封，置于避光环境，在25℃温度下发酵12天，得发酵后的茶料；将发酵后的茶料置于45-50℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成细粉，即得。所用的发酵菌剂为质量比1∶2的益生菌和酶组成。
为说明本发明产品的营养成分，申请人研究了发酵前后茶树枝粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量的变化情况，以及对发酵茶进行了感官评测，结果如下：
表1茶树枝发酵过程的感官评定
表2茶树枝发酵前后营养成分含量
| 茶树枝 | 粗脂肪(％) | 粗纤维(％) | 粗蛋白(％) |
| 发酵前 | 0.91 | 35.63 | 29.3 |
| 发酵后 | 1.18 | 22.66 | 34.6 |
由表1可知，随着发酵时间的延长，发酵茶树枝物均无丁酸臭味产生，酸香气味逐渐变浓，色泽由最初原料的绿色逐渐变黄绿色及亮黄绿色。发酵后茶树枝叶保持结构分明状态，质地***及韧性减弱，说明发酵过程对其纤维有一定的分解作用。茶树枝发酵后的感官评定为优等级，有良好的适口性。
由表2可知茶树枝发酵后其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量明显高于发酵前，而粗纤维含量降低了约13％，说明发酵有利于营养的提升，利于消化吸收。
综合感官评定和营养成分分析结果，表明发酵茶粉营养价值高，利于吸收，适口性好，将其添加到饲料中制成的饲料富含茶多酚、乳酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、多糖和矿物质等营养物质，营养丰富，而且具有浓郁香味，具有增强动物免疫力，增强抗病能力、改善肉质等功能；所得产品达到了发明的目的。
Claims (10)
1.一种发酵茶粉的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：(1)将按重量计的100份新鲜茶树枝粉碎成1-3cm长，将玉米粉5份与发酵菌剂0.02份混合均匀后，均匀喷洒于茶树枝中，并向其中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在40％～60％，密封，置于避光环境，在18-30℃温度下发酵，发酵周期为10-15天，得发酵后的茶料；(2)将发酵后的茶料置于40-50℃条件下烘干，然后粉碎成细粉，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发酵茶粉的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中所述发酵菌剂由质量比为1∶2的益生菌和酶组成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的发酵茶粉的制备方法，其特征在于：所述益生菌为质量比1∶1∶1的芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌和酵母菌；所述酶为质量比1∶1∶1的纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的发酵茶粉的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤(1)中喷洒水使得混合样品湿度保持在50％；发酵温度为27℃，发酵周期为10天；步骤(2)中所述细粉目数为40-60目。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述制备方法制得的发酵茶粉。
6.如权利要求5所述发酵茶粉在制备禽畜饲料中的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述发酵茶粉的应用，其特征在于：按重量份计，将发酵茶粉0.5-20份、玉米30-45份、豆粕20-25份、米糠8-13份、鱼粉1-3份、贝壳粉1-3份、磷酸氢钙0.5-1份、食盐0.2-0.3份和粗蛋白10-15份制成茶饲料。
8.根据权利要求7所述发酵茶粉的应用，其特征在于：按重量份计，将发酵茶粉10份、玉米40份、豆粕20份、米糠11份、鱼粉1.5份、贝壳粉1份、磷酸氢钙0.8份、食盐0.2份和粗蛋白12份制成茶饲料。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述发酵茶粉的应用，其特征在于：所述茶饲料的制作方法包括以下步骤：
(1)按重量份称取玉米、豆粕、米糠、鱼粉、贝壳粉、磷酸氢钙、食盐和粗蛋白，将其混合均匀得基础饲料；
(2)按重量份称取40-60目发酵茶粉，将其与基础饲料混匀，加入适量水搅拌均匀得膏状体；
(3)将步骤(2)所得膏状体投入打料机中制成8～12mm颗粒饲料，低温干燥，封装即得。
10.根据权利要求9所述发酵茶粉的应用，其特征在于：步骤(2)中发酵茶粉和基础饲料混合物与水的重量比为1∶3。
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