CN112133942A - Fuel cell of ship electric propulsion system and application thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell of ship electric propulsion system and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112133942A CN112133942A CN202011064812.4A CN202011064812A CN112133942A CN 112133942 A CN112133942 A CN 112133942A CN 202011064812 A CN202011064812 A CN 202011064812A CN 112133942 A CN112133942 A CN 112133942A
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- fuel cell
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- electric propulsion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell of a ship electric propulsion system and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of fuel cells and comprising a solid oxide fuel cell stack, an oxidant supply assembly and a fuel supply assembly, wherein the solid oxide fuel cell stack comprises at least one solid oxide fuel cell, each solid oxide fuel cell comprises an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, the oxidant supply assembly is arranged to supply oxidant to the cathode of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell, the fuel cell temperature control assembly also comprises a fuel cell, and a cell stack shell is arranged outside the solid oxide fuel cell stack. The relative proportion of air entering the preheater and air bypassing is controlled by a blower, so that the temperature entering the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 and the velocity of the reaction air are cooperatively controlled, good heat balance characteristic is realized, and the fuel cell has good operation state on a ship.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells thereof, in particular to a fuel cell of a ship electric propulsion system and application thereof.
Background
The electric propulsion technology is one of the important directions of the current ship development, and is receiving more and more attention in civil ships and warships. The main aim of civil ships using electric propulsion technology is to meet the increasingly stringent requirements of pollutant emissions and the consideration of low-noise environmental comfort. In recent years, China has begun to successively develop small and medium-sized pure electric passenger ships which are propelled by power batteries, and integrated electric propulsion pleasure boats which generate electricity by diesel engines, and marine ships are increasingly propelled by electric propulsion systems, and the electric propulsion of alternating current networking is gradually developed into direct current networking electric propulsion.
The storage battery can be generally used for ship electric propulsion, the storage battery for main propulsion is a propulsion core component of an electric ship, is a main channel for connecting shore-ship electric energy transmission, and is a ship matched power supply, however, from the management perspective, as the number of the storage batteries is large, the requirement on the consistency of the storage batteries is high, and a group of batteries can be influenced when a problem occurs; meanwhile, the storage battery has higher requirements on environment and use, if the storage battery is not charged in time, or the performance and the service life of the storage battery are influenced under the conditions of excessive charge and discharge, excessively low temperature and the like, and the environment of the ship cabin is severe, so that the requirement on management and control is higher, and the application of the storage battery is limited to a certain extent. The storage battery pack is used as an auxiliary energy source on ships, and lead-acid storage batteries used by common civil ships generally have the problems of short service life and low reliability. In addition, the storage battery has the disadvantages of low energy density and short driving range.
A device capable of directly converting chemical energy in fuel into electrical energy is generally composed of a cathode, an anode, an electrolyte, and the like. The continuously supplied fuel and air electrochemically react at the anode and cathode, respectively, without direct mixing, which transfers anions or cations by means of an electrolyte. Can be used as ship electric propulsion, however, reactants are generally accompanied with obvious endothermic or exothermic processes in the process of reforming or electrochemical reaction in a galvanic pile, and the change of the flow velocity of the reaction gas can cause local temperature to be too high or too low, so that a large temperature gradient is formed, the operation life and the safety of the battery are not good, and the requirement of the fuel cell on the temperature is high.
Depending on the electrolyte, fuel cells can be classified into Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), phosphoric acid fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), and the like, wherein the latter two are also referred to as high-temperature fuel cells (operating temperature 600 ℃ or higher).
However, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are mainly characterized by using a proton exchange membrane to conduct hydrogen ions and to separate fuel and air. The membrane must be able to withstand the reducing environment at the cathode as well as the oxidizing environment at the anode. At present, the proton exchange membrane mainly adopts polymer materials, and the proton exchange membrane can realize better performance only by being in a certain water vapor environment during working. PEMFCs generally work at normal temperature, pure hydrogen is used as fuel, and a noble metal catalyst (mainly platinum Pt) is needed to be used to activate the fuel at a lower temperature to become hydrogen ions, which brings about two problems, on one hand, the catalyst cost is high, and at present, research is mainly to improve the specific surface area by preparing catalyst nanoparticles, or to develop a novel platinum alloy material for improving the catalytic efficiency, reducing the usage amount of platinum, and reducing the cost; on the other hand, the extremely low content of CO can bring about remarkable reduction of catalytic activity, the content of CO in fuel is generally required to be not more than one part per million, and the process of catalyst poisoning can be slowed down to a certain extent through the structural improvement of the catalyst, but the process is difficult to be completely avoided in principle, so that the PEMFC can only use a hydrogen source with very high purity requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell of a ship electric propulsion system and application thereof, which controls the relative proportion of air entering a preheater and bypass air through a blower, further cooperatively controls the temperature entering a solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 and the velocity of reaction air flow at the same time, realizes good heat balance characteristics, and enables the fuel cell to have good running state on a ship so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a fuel cell for a marine electric propulsion system, comprising a solid oxide fuel cell stack, an oxidant supply assembly and a fuel supply assembly, the solid oxide fuel cell stack comprises at least one solid oxide fuel cell, each solid oxide fuel cell comprising an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, the oxidant supply assembly is configured to provide an oxidant to the cathode of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell, the fuel supply assembly is configured to provide fuel to the anode of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell, and further includes a fuel cell temperature control assembly, the solid oxide fuel cell stack is characterized in that a stack shell is arranged outside the solid oxide fuel cell stack, a through hole communicated with the solid oxide fuel cell stack is formed in the stack shell, the through hole extends outwards to form a main pipe, and the main pipe is connected with a fuel cell temperature control assembly through a Y-shaped joint;
the fuel cell accuse temperature subassembly includes first air-blower, pre-heater, second air-blower, first gas-supply pipe, first solenoid valve, second gas-supply pipe and second solenoid valve, the one end that the Y style of calligraphy connects has first solenoid valve, pre-heater and first air-blower through first gas-supply pipe series connection in proper order, the other end that the Y style of calligraphy connects has second solenoid valve and second air-blower through second gas-supply pipe series connection in proper order.
Preferably, the electrolyte is a solid conductive ceramic.
Preferably, the solid conductive ceramic is doped zirconia or doped ceria.
Preferably, the anode is made of a metal-ceramic composite electrode material.
Preferably, the cathode is made of doped LaMnO3And LaCoO3Perovskite type materials.
Preferably, the fuel supply assembly supplies the fuel to the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell as one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and methanol.
Preferably, the air inlets of the first air blower and the second air blower are provided with dust screens.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of a fuel cell for a marine electric propulsion system, the fuel cell being used as a marine electric propulsion system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cell of the ship electric propulsion system and the application thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of good fuel economy, lower emission level and the like when being applied to a commercial ship, can be used for propulsion when being applied to a passenger ship power device, and also needs to provide necessary heat and electric power, and simultaneously, passengers are influenced by noise, vibration and high-temperature smoke as little as possible; the fuel cell is used as a type of power generation device, has no operating parts, has high efficiency, low noise and low emission, and can effectively meet the requirements; the fuel cell can directly provide propulsion power and electric power required by various devices for ships, effectively reduce the number of diesel generator sets and storage batteries, and can be used for emergency power supplies; the relative proportion of air entering the preheater and bypass air is controlled by the blower, so that the temperature entering the solid oxide fuel cell stack and the velocity of reaction air are cooperatively controlled, good heat balance characteristic is realized, and the fuel cell has good operation state on a ship.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an internal structure view of a fuel cell of the electric propulsion system for a ship according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a solid oxide fuel cell stack; 2. an oxidant supply assembly; 3. a fuel supply assembly; 4. a solid oxide fuel cell; 41. an anode; 42. an electrolyte; 43. a cathode; 5. a fuel cell temperature control assembly; 51. a first blower; 52. a preheater; 53. a second blower; 54. a first gas delivery pipe; 55. a first electromagnetic valve; 56. a second gas delivery pipe; 57. a second electromagnetic valve; 6. a stack housing; 61. a main pipe; 62. a Y-shaped joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, a fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system, comprising a solid oxide fuel cell stack 1, an oxidant supply assembly 2 and a fuel supply assembly 3, the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 comprising at least one solid oxide fuel cell 4, each solid oxide fuel cell 4 comprising an anode 41, an electrolyte 42 and a cathode 43, the electrolyte 42 being a solid conductive ceramic being doped zirconia or doped ceria, the oxidant supply assembly 2 being arranged to provide an oxidant to the cathode 43 of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell 4, the cathode 43 being made of doped LaMnO3 and a perovskite material of the LaCoO3 type, the fuel supply assembly 3 being arranged to provide a fuel to the anode 41 of the at least one solid oxide fuel cell 4, the anode 41 being made of a metal-ceramic composite electrode material, the fuel cell temperature control device comprises a solid oxide fuel cell stack 1, and is characterized by further comprising a fuel cell temperature control assembly 5, wherein a stack shell 6 is arranged outside the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1, a through hole communicated with the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 is formed in the stack shell 6, the through hole extends outwards to form a main pipe 61, and the main pipe 61 is connected with the fuel cell temperature control assembly 5 through a Y-shaped joint 62; the fuel supply assembly 3 supplies fuel to the anode 41 of the solid oxide fuel cell 4 which is one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and methanol.
The fuel cell temperature control assembly 5 comprises a first blower 51, a preheater 52, a second blower 53, a first air pipe 54, a first electromagnetic valve 55, a second air pipe 56 and a second electromagnetic valve 57, one end of a Y-shaped joint 62 is sequentially connected with the first electromagnetic valve 55, the preheater 52 and the first blower 51 in series through the first air pipe 54, the other end of the Y-shaped joint 62 is sequentially connected with the second electromagnetic valve 57 and the second blower 53 in series through the second air pipe 56, dust screens are arranged at air inlets of the first blower 51 and the second blower 53, dust is prevented from entering the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1, relative proportions of air entering the preheater 52 and bypass air are controlled through the blowers, the temperature and the reaction air flow rate of the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 are cooperatively controlled, and good heat balance characteristics are realized, the fuel cell has good operation state on the ship.
In order to better show the flow of the fuel cell of the marine electric propulsion system, the present embodiment provides an application of the fuel cell of the marine electric propulsion system, and the fuel cell is used as the marine electric propulsion system.
Before a storage battery, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), a phosphoric acid fuel cell, an alkaline fuel cell, a molten carbonate fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell 4 in this embodiment are respectively selected as the ship electric propulsion system, the performance data thereof are detected, as shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 Performance data for various types of batteries
| Electric propulsion system for ship | Electro-catalyst | Operating temperature | Poisoning and poisoning |
| Storage battery | Sulfuric acid | 23~27℃ | Is provided with |
| Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) | Proton exchange membranes or CO | 550~600℃ | Is provided with |
| Phosphoric acid fuel cell | Phosphoric acid | 150~200℃ | Is provided with |
| Alkaline fuel cell | Basic property | 100~250℃ | Is provided with |
| Molten carbonate fuel cell | Molten carbonate | 600℃～700℃ | Is provided with |
| Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) | Solid conductive ceramic | 550~850℃ | Is free of |
As can be seen from the above data, only the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), the molten carbonate fuel cell, and the solid oxide fuel cell 4 can satisfy the requirement of the marine electric propulsion system to operate at a high temperature, in which the solid oxide fuel cell 4 can operate at a maximum temperature of 850 ℃, has no operating parts, and has high efficiency, low noise, and low emission.
In summary, the following steps: the fuel cell of the ship electric propulsion system and the application thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of good fuel economy, lower emission level and the like when being applied to a commercial ship, can be used for propulsion when being applied to a passenger ship power device, and also needs to provide necessary heat and electric power, and simultaneously, passengers are influenced by noise, vibration and high-temperature smoke as little as possible; the fuel cell is used as a type of power generation device, has no operating parts, has high efficiency, low noise and low emission, and can effectively meet the requirements; the fuel cell can directly provide propulsion power and electric power required by various devices for ships, effectively reduce the number of diesel generator sets and storage batteries, and can be used for emergency power supplies; the relative proportion of air entering the preheater 52 and the bypass air is controlled by the blower, so that the temperature entering the solid oxide fuel cell stack 1 and the velocity of the reaction gas flow are cooperatively controlled, good heat balance characteristics are realized, and the fuel cell has good operation state on a ship.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention and the equivalent alternatives or modifications thereof within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. Fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system, comprising a solid oxide fuel cell stack (1), an oxidant supply assembly (2) and a fuel supply assembly (3), said solid oxide fuel cell stack (1) comprising at least one solid oxide fuel cell (4), each solid oxide fuel cell (4) comprising an anode (41), an electrolyte (42) and a cathode (43), said oxidant supply assembly (2) being arranged to provide oxidant to the cathode (43) of said at least one solid oxide fuel cell (4), said fuel supply assembly (3) being arranged to provide fuel to the anode (41) of said at least one solid oxide fuel cell (4), characterized in that it further comprises a fuel cell temperature control assembly (5), the external mounting of said solid oxide fuel cell stack (1) being provided by a stack housing (6), the fuel cell stack is characterized in that a through hole communicated with the solid oxide fuel cell stack (1) is formed in the cell stack shell (6), the through hole extends outwards to form a main pipe (61), and the main pipe (61) is connected with a fuel cell temperature control assembly (5) through a Y-shaped joint (62);
the fuel cell temperature control assembly (5) comprises a first air blower (51), a preheater (52), a second air blower (53), a first air conveying pipe (54), a first electromagnetic valve (55), a second air conveying pipe (56) and a second electromagnetic valve (57), wherein one end of the Y-shaped joint (62) is sequentially connected with the first electromagnetic valve (55), the preheater (52) and the first air blower (51) in series through the first air conveying pipe (54), and the other end of the Y-shaped joint (62) is sequentially connected with the second electromagnetic valve (57) and the second air blower (53) in series through the second air conveying pipe (56).
2. A fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system according to claim 1, characterised in that the electrolyte (42) is a solid conductive ceramic.
3. The fuel cell for a marine electric propulsion system according to claim 2, wherein the solid conductive ceramic is doped zirconia or doped ceria.
4. A fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system according to claim 1, characterised in that the anode (41) is made of a metal-ceramic composite electrode material.
5. Fuel cell for marine electric propulsion systems according to claim 1, characterised in that the cathode (43) is made of doped LaMnO3And LaCoO3Perovskite type materials.
6. A fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system according to claim 1, characterised in that the fuel supplied by the fuel supply assembly (3) to the anode (41) of the solid oxide fuel cell (4) is one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and methanol.
7. The fuel cell of a marine electric propulsion system according to claim 1, characterized in that dust screens are provided at the air intake openings of the first blower (51) and the second blower (53).
8. Use of a fuel cell for a marine vessel electric propulsion system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterised in that the fuel cell is used as a marine vessel electric propulsion system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011064812.4A CN112133942A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Fuel cell of ship electric propulsion system and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011064812.4A CN112133942A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Fuel cell of ship electric propulsion system and application thereof |
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| CN202011064812.4A Pending CN112133942A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Fuel cell of ship electric propulsion system and application thereof |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1906781A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2007-01-31 | 阿克伦大学 | Carbon-based fuel cell |
| CN101050864A (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2007-10-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Control method for low temperature corrosion blocking ash of coal burning boiler air preheater |
| CN101180757A (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-05-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN102449837A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-05-09 | Toto株式会社 | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN106962070A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥市日之丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of glasshouse air circulation device |
| CN110906359A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-24 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Combustion device capable of adjusting secondary air temperature and use method |
-
2020
- 2020-09-30 CN CN202011064812.4A patent/CN112133942A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1906781A (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2007-01-31 | 阿克伦大学 | Carbon-based fuel cell |
| CN101180757A (en) * | 2005-05-26 | 2008-05-14 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| CN101050864A (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2007-10-10 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Control method for low temperature corrosion blocking ash of coal burning boiler air preheater |
| CN102449837A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-05-09 | Toto株式会社 | Solid electrolyte fuel cell |
| CN106962070A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-07-21 | 合肥市日之丰农业发展有限公司 | A kind of glasshouse air circulation device |
| CN110906359A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-24 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | Combustion device capable of adjusting secondary air temperature and use method |
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