CN110635160B - Solid oxide fuel cell and new energy automobile - Google Patents

Solid oxide fuel cell and new energy automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110635160B
CN110635160B CN201910916761.4A CN201910916761A CN110635160B CN 110635160 B CN110635160 B CN 110635160B CN 201910916761 A CN201910916761 A CN 201910916761A CN 110635160 B CN110635160 B CN 110635160B
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fuel cell
solid oxide
oxide fuel
stack
supported
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CN110635160A (en
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沈雪松
于超
姜龙凯
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
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Weichai Power Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/IB2020/058997 priority patent/WO2021059228A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
    • H01M8/2495—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies of fuel cells of different types
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
    • H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

A solid oxide fuel cell and a new energy automobile are provided, wherein a stack gas circuit of the fuel cell comprises: an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stack; the electrolyte supporting type solid oxide fuel cell stack is arranged at the fuel flow outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell; anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell the stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is disposed at the fuel stream inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell. Through the structure and performance characteristics of two different solid oxide fuel cell stacks (an electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode support type solid oxide fuel cell stack), the relative positions of the stacks in a fuel gas path are arranged in the solid oxide fuel cell in a grading manner, the fuel utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent under the condition of ensuring the stable cell structure, so that the aim of improving the electric efficiency of the stack assembly is fulfilled, and the maintenance cost is low.

Description

Solid oxide fuel cell and new energy automobile
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy automobiles, in particular to a solid oxide fuel cell with higher combustion efficiency and a new energy automobile.
Background
A fuel cell is a highly efficient energy conversion device that can directly convert chemical energy stored in a combustible gas into electrical energy, and has higher energy conversion efficiency because it does not require intermediate conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. In order to increase the Fuel utilization rate of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, a Fuel circulation pump is industrially added in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system, a tail gas part at a Fuel outlet of a stack is circulated to an inlet end of a Fuel flow guide, and usually about 60 to 80% of the Fuel tail gas is circulated to the Fuel inlet, so that the Fuel utilization rate in the stack can be controlled to be 50 to 70%, a large amount of unconsumed Fuel still exists near a support body at the outlet part of a Fuel flow channel of the stack, so that the diffusion of the Fuel in the support body and a functional layer can be increased, and the oxidation of nickel metal in the support body at the outlet of the flow channel is also inhibited by a large amount of Fuel. However, the addition of a fuel circulation pump to a solid oxide fuel cell system increases the utilization rate of the solid oxide fuel cell, and also increases the complexity of the system, the fuel circulation pump operates at high temperature, and hydrogen and water vapor in the fuel easily corrode the circulation pump blades and bearings, thereby causing fuel leakage, and the use of the circulation pump increases the maintenance cost of the system when the system operates for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a solid oxide fuel cell and a new energy vehicle, so as to reduce the maintenance cost of the solid oxide fuel cell.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a solid oxide fuel cell, the stack gas path of the fuel cell comprising:
an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stack;
the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is arranged at the fuel flow outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the anode supporting electric pile type solid oxide fuel cell electric pile is arranged at the fuel flow inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell, the number of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks is N, where N is a positive integer not less than 1.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is M, and M is a positive integer not less than 1.
Optionally, the solid oxide fuel cell includes:
the fuel cell comprises a first branch formed by connecting A anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell piles in series, wherein the number of the first branch is X;
a second branch formed by connecting B anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks and M electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in series, wherein the number of the second branch is Y, and B is N/X-A;
the X paths of the first branches are connected in parallel, the Y paths of the second branches are connected in parallel, and the first branches connected in parallel are connected in series with the second branches connected in parallel.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell, the value of B is 0.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell described above, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is smaller than the number of the anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell described above, the number a of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the first branch is greater than the sum of the number B of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch and the number M of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
Optionally, in the solid oxide fuel cell described above, the number B of anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch is equal to the number M of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch.
A new energy automobile is provided, and the solid oxide fuel cell is applied to any one of the above.
Based on the technical scheme, according to the scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, through the structure and performance characteristics of two different solid oxide fuel cell stacks (an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stack), the relative positions of the stacks in a fuel gas path are arranged in a grading manner in the solid oxide fuel cell, so that the fuel utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent under the condition of ensuring the stable cell structure, the aim of improving the electric efficiency of the stack assembly is fulfilled, and the maintenance cost is low.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell as disclosed in another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell as disclosed in another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell as disclosed in another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a solid oxide fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
SOFC is a high temperature fuel cell, and its fuel source is wide due to high temperature operation environment, for example, SOFC can use carbon fuel such as methane, gasoline, diesel oil, etc. to generate electricity. The fuel electrode (anode) of the solid oxide fuel cell consists of porous nickel metal and zirconia (Ni-ZrO2), wherein the anode support cell/stack is made of the same support material as the anode material, which is a mixture of nickel metal and zirconia (Ni-ZrO2), the support thickness is about 500 to 1500 microns, the anode functional layer with thickness of 5 to 50 microns is between the support and the electrolyte, the electrolyte thickness is 2 to 30 microns, and then the air electrode (cathode) is painted and sintered on the other side of the electrolyte.
In the electrochemical reaction process of the fuel electrode, fuel is firstly diffused into a porous support body of the cell, then the fuel is further diffused into an anode functional layer to carry out the electrochemical reaction, and the gas needs to be diffused in two steps before reaching the chemical reaction. During operation of the cell or stack, the upstream portion of the fuel inlet typically contains more fuel and has a higher partial pressure during diffusion to the reaction surface; in the downstream part of the fuel outlet, a large amount of fuel is consumed by the cell, the generated large amount of water vapor reduces the diffusion partial pressure of the fuel in the support body and the anode functional layer, and the diffusion rate of the fuel from the porous support body with the thickness of 500 to 1500 microns to the anode functional layer is greatly reduced, so that the chemical reaction of the anode is influenced. Accordingly, in the actual industrial application process, excessive fuel is generally introduced to ensure the fuel diffusivity at the downstream of the fuel flow channel, so that the overall fuel utilization rate of the stack is low.
In addition, under the high temperature conditions of the solid oxide fuel cell, the heat generated by the chemical reaction is carried downstream of the flow channel by the fuel fluid, generally the higher reaction temperature is in the downstream of the fuel flow, the water vapor has stronger oxidizing property at high temperature, and the nickel metal (Ni) inside the support is thus very easily oxidized into nickel oxide (NiO), which is agglomerated and has a volume of about 60%. It should be noted that under high fuel utilization conditions, the support body of the anode-supported cell is susceptible to expansion cracking downstream of the fuel flow channels, resulting in failure of the anode functional layer and electrolyte layer on its surface by cracking.
The solid oxide fuel cell has another cell structure, the electrolyte is thicker and the thickness is about 100 to 300 microns, the electrodes are respectively coated and sintered on two sides of the electrolyte, the cell is called an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell, the single cell of the cell mainly provides mechanical strength by the thicker electrolyte, the thickness of the fuel electrode (anode) and the thickness of the air electrode (cathode) are only 5 to 30 microns, the fuel only needs to diffuse once to reach a reaction interface in the chemical reaction process of the fuel, and meanwhile, the attenuation change of the electrode structure does not cause the fracture failure of the supporting electrolyte.
The applicant researches and discovers that the advantages of two fuel cells can be combined in practical engineering application, the fuel is consumed in a grading way, the fuel utilization rate of the stack module is integrally improved, and the power generation efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell system is improved. In view of this, and with reference to fig. 1, the present application provides a solid oxide fuel cell having stack gas paths comprising:
an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack 100 (electrolyte-supported stack) and an anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack 200 (anode-supported stack);
wherein the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack 100 is disposed at a fuel stream outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stack 200 is disposed at a fuel stream inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell.
Because the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack 100 mainly provides mechanical strength by a thicker electrolyte, and the thickness of a fuel electrode (anode) and an air electrode (cathode) is only 5 to 30 micrometers, in the chemical reaction process of the fuel, the fuel can reach a reaction interface only by once diffusion, and meanwhile, the attenuation change of an electrode structure can not cause the rupture failure of the supported electrolyte, therefore, according to the fuel electrode structure advantages of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack, the fuel utilization rate and the electric efficiency of a stack group can be improved by using the fuel at the tail end consumed by the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack, and the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack 100 can not cause the rupture failure of the supported electrolyte, the anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack 200 is arranged in the low-temperature region of the fuel inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell, in the technical scheme disclosed by the application, the electrolyte supporting type solid oxide fuel cell stack is arranged at the fuel flow outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell so as to improve the working efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell, a circulating pump does not need to be added in the solid oxide fuel cell system, the maintenance frequency of the system is reduced, and the maintenance cost of the solid oxide fuel cell is further reduced.
In the technical solution disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the number of anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks and the number of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the solid oxide fuel cell may be set according to a user's requirement, for example, the number of anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks is N, where N is a positive integer not less than 1, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., the number of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is M, where M is a positive integer not less than 1, such as 1, 2, 3, etc.
In the technical solution disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is smaller than the number of the anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
The first embodiment is as follows:
in the technical scheme disclosed in the embodiment, a plurality of anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks are connected in series with a plurality of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks, the number of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks is N, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is M, the number of the stack groups satisfies that N is larger than or equal to M, and the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks consume 2 to 30% of the fuel at the tail end.
In the first embodiment, the fuel flow of the solid oxide fuel cell has only one fuel gas path, each electric stack is connected in series in the fuel gas path, each electric stack circuit is connected in series, and the setting parameters of each electric stack can be set according to the user's requirements, for example:
the current of each electric pile is kept consistent;
the average current density in each stack may be 0.5-1A/cm2；
The thickness of a cell electrolyte of the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 2 to 30 microns, the thickness of an anode support body of the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stack is about 500 to 1500 microns, and the operating temperature of the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 550 ℃ to 800 ℃;
the thickness of the cell electrolyte of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 100 to 300 microns, the thickness of the anode of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is about 5 to 30 microns, and the operating temperature of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 750 to 900 ℃;
the electrolyte material of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is zirconia stabilized by oxide or doped ceria;
the anode support and the anode are made of a mixture of nickel oxide and zirconia stabilized by oxide or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the electrolyte material of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is oxide-stabilized zirconia or doped ceria;
the materials of the electrolyte support body and the anode of the electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell stack are a mixture of nickel oxide and oxide-stabilized zirconia or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the fuel stream inlet gas temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is 550 ℃ to 800 ℃, and the fuel stream outlet gas temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is 750 ℃ to 900 ℃;
the fuel consumption rate of all the galvanic piles in the gas path of the fuel gas path is 75-95%, and the fuel consumed by the galvanic piles of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell at the tail end of the fuel gas path accounts for 2-30% of the total fuel consumption of the gas path;
the fuel consumed by the anode supporting electric pile type solid oxide fuel cell electric pile at the front end of the fuel gas path accounts for 70-98% of the total fuel consumption of the gas path;
the fuel in the fuel gas circuit is hydrogen, methane, natural gas, alkane carbon fuel and the corresponding fuel water vapor mixture.
The ratio of water vapor to the paraffinic hydrocarbon carbonaceous fuel is any ratio of water molecules to carbon atoms between 1 to 1 and 3 to 1.
For example, referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment disclosed in fig. 2, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks 100 is 1, the number of the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks 200 is 3, the 4 stacks are connected in series, the anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks 200 are disposed at the fuel stream inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks 100 are disposed at the fuel stream outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 3, in the embodiment disclosed in fig. 3, the number of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks 100 is 3, the number of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks 200 is 2, the 5 stacks are connected in series, the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks 200 are disposed at the fuel stream inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks 100 are disposed at the fuel stream outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell.
For example, in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, four stacks (electrolyte-supported stack 100 and anode-supported stack 200) are connected in series, wherein the first three stacks are all anode-supported stack-type stacks, the electrolyte of the anode-supported stack-type stacks is 10 microns, the thickness of the anode support of the anode-supported stack-type stacks is about 500 microns, and the thickness of the anode support of the anode-supported stack-type stacks is about 500 micronsThe electrolyte was 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia, and the support material that anodically supported the stack of the stack-type solid oxide fuel cell was 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia mixed with 50 vol% nickel oxide. The last stack is an electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack, the cell electrolyte of the electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 150 microns, the anode thickness of the electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is about 20 microns, the electrolyte of the electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia, and the anode material of the electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 50 vol% nickel oxide mixed with 10% gadolinium doped ceria. The fuel inlet temperature was 600 ℃ and the outlet temperature was 850 ℃. The current density of the electric pile series circuit is 0.25A/cm2. The fuel at the fuel stream inlet was 30% pre-reformed methane with a 2 to 1 water to carbon ratio. The total fuel utilization for the four stacks was 95%, the individual stack fuel utilization 23.75%, and the fuel content at the inlet of the fourth electrolyte-supported stack was 28.75%. The end gas fuel content of the stack assembly after final consumption by the electrolyte-supported stack was 5%.
Example two:
in the embodiment of the present application, the solid oxide fuel cell may include X first branches and Y second branches, where X first branches are connected in parallel, Y second branches are connected in parallel, the first branch connected in parallel is connected in series with the second branch connected in parallel, and each first branch is formed by connecting in series a anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks; each second branch is formed by connecting B anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks and M electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in series, wherein B is N/X-A;
in the second embodiment, the fuel flow of the solid oxide fuel cell has a plurality of fuel gas paths, each electric stack is connected in series in the fuel gas paths, each electric stack circuit is connected in series, and the setting parameters of each electric stack can be set according to the user's requirements, for example:
the fuel flow of the electric pile group is provided with a plurality of gas paths, an X path first branch is connected in parallel in the fuel gas path and then connected with a Y path second branch, and the number of the first branches is greater than that of the second branches;
the average current density of the pile is 0.5-1A/cm2；
The fuel flow inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell adopts an anode to support the electric pile, and the fuel flow rear end adopts an electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell electric pile;
the thickness of the cell electrolyte of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is 2 to 30 microns, the thickness of the anode support body is about 500 to 1500 microns, and the operating temperature of the anode-supported pile is 550 to 800 ℃;
the thickness of the cell electrolyte of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 100 to 300 microns, the thickness of the anode is about 5 to 30 microns, and the operating temperature of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is 750 ℃ to 900 ℃;
the electrolyte material of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is zirconia stabilized by oxide or doped ceria;
the anode support body and the anode of the anode support pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile are made of a mixture of nickel oxide and zirconia stabilized by oxide or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the electrolyte material of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is oxide-stabilized zirconia or doped ceria;
the materials of the electrolyte support body and the anode of the electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell stack are a mixture of nickel oxide and oxide-stabilized zirconia or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the fuel inlet gas temperature of the solid oxide fuel cell is 550 ℃ to 800 ℃, and the fuel outlet gas temperature is 750 ℃ to 900 ℃;
the fuel consumption rate of all the galvanic piles in the gas circuit is 75% -95%, and the fuel consumed by the second branch circuit at the tail end of the gas circuit accounts for 2-30% of the total fuel consumption of the gas circuit;
the fuel consumed by the first branch group at the front end of the gas circuit accounts for 70-98% of the total fuel consumption of the gas circuit;
the fuel in the fuel gas circuit is hydrogen, methane, natural gas, alkane carbon fuel and the corresponding fuel water vapor mixture;
the ratio of water vapor to the paraffinic carbonaceous fuel is any value between 1 to 1 and 3 to 1 of the ratio of water molecules to carbon atoms.
For example, referring to fig. 4, in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 4, there are three first branches connected in parallel, each first branch is formed by two anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks connected in series, the electrolyte of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 10 microns, the anode support thickness of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is about 500 microns, the electrolyte of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia, and the support material of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia mixed with 50 vol% nickel oxide. And three anode support galvanic piles (first branches) are connected with two second branches, each second branch consists of an electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell galvanic pile, namely, the value of B is 0 and 5. The electrolyte of the electrolyte-supported cell stack of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack was 150 microns thick with an anode of about 20 microns thick, the electrolyte of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack was 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia, and the anode material of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack was 50 vol% nickel oxide mixed with 10% gadolinium doped ceria. The fuel inlet temperature was 600 ℃ and the outlet temperature was 850 ℃. The first branch circuit after parallel connection is connected with the second branch circuit after parallel connection in series, and the current density of the series circuit is 0.25A/cm2. The fuel at the fuel stream inlet of the solid oxide fuel cell stack was 30% pre-reformed methane with a 2 to 1 water to carbon ratio. In the corresponding example of fig. 4, the total fuel utilization of 8 stacks is 95%, the fuel utilization of a single stack is 11.875%, and the fuel at the inlet of the last two second branch electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacksThe content was 28.75%. After final consumption by the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack, the stack assembly tail gas fuel content was 5%.
The scheme can be applied to the second branch which is connected in parallel and then connected in parallel after the first branches are connected in parallel. In the solution corresponding to fig. 4, X is connected in series with a first branch of N anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks, and an upper Y is connected in series with a second branch of M electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks, where X is greater than or equal to Y; m is more than or equal to 1. The second branch consumes the endmost 2 to 30% of the fuel.
In addition, referring to fig. 5, in the above solution, in the second branch of the rear Y-path, the M stacks may also be arranged in series by an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stack, and the number B of the anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch may be equal to the number M of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch. The electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell stack consumes the endmost 2 to 30% of the fuel.
In the technical solution disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, the number a of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the first branch is greater than the sum of the number B of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second branch and the number M of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks, so that most of the fuel is consumed by the first branch.
In the embodiments corresponding to fig. 4 and 5, the number of the first branches is greater than the number of the second branches.
In the third embodiment, the fuel flow of the solid oxide fuel cell has a plurality of fuel gas paths, each electric stack is connected in series in the fuel gas paths, each electric stack circuit is connected in series, and the setting parameters of each electric stack can be set according to the user's requirements, for example:
the fuel flow of the pile group is provided with a plurality of gas paths, a first branch of an X path is connected in parallel in the fuel gas path and then connected with a second branch of a Y path in parallel, and the number of the first branches is less than that of the second branches;
the average current density of the pile is 0.5-1A/cm2；
The fuel flow inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell adopts an anode to support the electric pile, and the fuel flow rear end adopts an electrolyte to support the electric pile;
the thickness of the cell electrolyte of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is 2 to 30 microns, the thickness of the anode support body is about 500 to 1500 microns, and the operating temperature of the anode-supported pile is 550 to 800 ℃;
the thickness of the cell electrolyte of the electrolyte supporting type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 100 to 300 microns, the thickness of the anode is about 5 to 30 microns, and the operating temperature of the electrolyte supporting stack is 750 to 900 ℃;
the electrolyte material of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is zirconia stabilized by oxide or doped ceria;
the anode support body and the anode of the anode support pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile are made of a mixture of nickel oxide and zirconia stabilized by oxide or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the electrolyte material of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is oxide-stabilized zirconia or doped ceria;
the materials of the electrolyte support body and the anode of the electrolyte support type solid oxide fuel cell stack are a mixture of nickel oxide and oxide-stabilized zirconia or a mixture of nickel oxide and doped cerium oxide;
the gas temperature of the fuel inlet is 550-800 ℃, and the gas temperature of the fuel outlet is 750-900 ℃;
the fuel consumption rate of all the galvanic piles in the gas path is 75% -95%, and the fuel consumed by the second branch at the tail end of the gas path accounts for 2-30% of the total fuel consumption of the gas path.
The fuel consumed by the first branch at the front end of the gas path accounts for 70 to 98 percent of the total fuel consumption of the gas path.
The fuel in the fuel gas circuit is hydrogen, methane, natural gas, alkane carbon fuel and the corresponding fuel water vapor mixture.
The ratio of water vapor to the paraffinic carbonaceous fuel is any value between 1 to 1 and 3 to 1 of the ratio of water molecules to carbon atoms.
For example, referring to fig. 6, in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 6, there are three first branches connected in parallel, each first branch is formed by connecting two anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in series, the electrolyte of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is 10 microns, the anode support thickness of the anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stack is about 500 microns, the electrolyte is 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia, and the support material is 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia mixed with 50 vol% nickel oxide.
The three first branches are connected in parallel and then connected into four second branches which are connected in parallel, and each second branch consists of an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack. The electrolyte of the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack was 150 microns thick with an anode thickness of about 20 microns, the electrolyte was 8 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia, and the anode material was 50 vol% nickel oxide mixed with 10% gadolinium doped ceria. The fuel inlet temperature was 600 ℃ and the outlet temperature was 850 ℃. After 12 electric pile circuits are connected in series and parallel in total, the current density of the circuit is 0.25A/cm2. The fuel at the fuel stream inlet was 30% pre-reformed methane with a 2 to 1 water to carbon ratio. The total fuel utilization rate of 12 galvanic piles is 95%, the fuel utilization rate of a single galvanic pile is 7.9%, and the fuel content at the inlet of the last four electrolyte supporting galvanic piles is 28.75%. After final consumption by the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack, the stack assembly tail gas fuel content was 5%.
For example, referring to fig. 7, in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 7, the second branch is composed of an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stack connected in series.
It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention utilizes the structure and performance characteristics of two different types of solid oxide fuel cell stacks (electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack), and in the solid oxide fuel cell, the relative positions of the stacks in the fuel gas path are arranged in stages, so as to improve the fuel utilization rate to the maximum extent while ensuring the stability of the cell structure, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the electric efficiency of stack assembly and reducing the maintenance cost.
The application also discloses a new energy automobile applying the solid oxide fuel cell, which corresponds to the solid oxide fuel cell, and the automobile can be applied with the solid oxide fuel cell.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (6)

1. A solid oxide fuel cell, wherein a stack gas path of the fuel cell comprises:
an electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack and an anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stack;
the electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stack is arranged at the fuel flow outlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the anode supporting pile type solid oxide fuel cell pile is arranged at the fuel flow inlet end of the solid oxide fuel cell;
the number of the anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell piles is N, and N is a positive integer not less than 1;
the fuel cell comprises a first branch formed by connecting A anode-supported pile type solid oxide fuel cell piles in series, wherein the number of the first branch is X;
a second branch formed by connecting in series B anode-supported stack-type solid oxide fuel cell stacks and M electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks, where the number of the second branch is Y, when X ≠ Y, B ═ N/X-A, and when X ≠ Y, B ═ N-A ═ X/Y;
the X paths of the first branches are connected in parallel, the Y paths of the second branches are connected in parallel, and the first branches connected in parallel are connected in series with the second branches connected in parallel.
2. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1, wherein B has a value of 0.
3. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the number of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks is less than the number of anode-supported stack solid oxide fuel cell stacks.
4. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the number a of anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the first leg is greater than the sum of the number B of anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks and the number M of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks in the second leg.
5. The solid oxide fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the number of anode-supported stack type solid oxide fuel cell stacks B in the second leg is equal to the number of electrolyte-supported solid oxide fuel cell stacks M in the second leg.
6. A new energy automobile, characterized in that the solid oxide fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 5 is applied.
CN201910916761.4A 2019-09-26 2019-09-26 Solid oxide fuel cell and new energy automobile Active CN110635160B (en)

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