CN112098478B - All-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
All-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of humidity sensors. The invention adopts a solution method to prepare the all-inorganic Cs2TeCl6Lead-free perovskite particles, and all-inorganic Cs2TeCl6The lead-free perovskite particles are used for preparing the all-inorganic lead-free double-perovskite humidity sensor. The humidity sensor disclosed by the invention is sensitive to humidity change, has a high response speed and a wide response range, can be repaired by using HCl gas, solves the problem of device performance degradation caused by long-term work under ultrahigh humidity, and can be recycled for multiple times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of humidity sensors.
Background
Humidity sensors have received great attention for many potential applications, such as health monitoring, weather forecasting, agricultural fields and aerospace exploration. Common materials used as sensing elements include metal oxides, photonic crystals, polymeric materials, and graphene composites. However, all these materials have complicated synthesis steps, low sensitivity and narrow working range, which are not conducive to large-scale application of highly sensitive humidity sensors, and recently, humidity sensors based on halogenated perovskites have been introduced on the market, which have great appeal and competitiveness in manufacturing high quality long-term stable humidity sensors due to their simple manufacturing process, high sensitivity and physical properties (e.g., high conductivity, good carrier mobility and adjustable band gap). However, the halogenated perovskite contains lead which is a metal element, so that the halogenated perovskite brings great damage to human bodies and the environment and threatens the health of people. Meanwhile, the instability of lead-based perovskite itself to water, light and heat has always prevented the large-scale production and commercial application of lead-based perovskite. More seriously, the problem of performance degradation of the humidity sensor working in a high humidity environment for a long time is not solved well, and almost no report is made on the humidity sensor of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite which can be repaired and recycled for many times.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of performance degradation of a humidity sensor working in a high humidity environment for a long time at present, the invention provides a preparation method and application of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor, wherein a solution method is adopted to prepare all-inorganic Cs2TeCl6Lead-free double perovskite particles and all-inorganic Cs2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite particles are used for preparing the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor. The humidity sensor disclosed by the invention is sensitive to humidity change, has a high response speed and a wide response range, can be repaired by using HCl gas, solves the problem of device performance degradation caused by long-term work under ultrahigh humidity, and can be recycled for multiple times.
An all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor,
the device comprises a substrate, wherein interdigital electrodes are arranged on the substrate;
Cs2TeCl6lead-free double perovskite thin film layer, Cs2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite thin film layer is arranged on the interdigital electrode.
The preparation method of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, stirring and reacting at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 30-50min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Granular, lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed to obtain annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion, Cs2TeCl6Dropping the dispersed particles on the interdigital electrode or spin-coating the particles on the interdigital electrode, and annealing at 70-90 deg.C for 10-50 min to obtain Cs2TeCl6Lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor.
The concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid A and the concentration of the concentrated hydrochloric acid B in the step (1) are both 8-12mol/L, and TeO2The solid-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 2-5: 10, and the solid-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 2-5: 10.
The dropping speed of the solution B in the step (1) is 30-60 drops/min.
The annealing temperature in the step (1) is 70-90 ℃, and the annealing time is 3-7 h.
The step (2) of Cs2TeCl6Cs in particle Dispersion2TeCl6The mass concentration of the particles is 0.3 g/ml-0.7 g/ml.
The all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor can adopt HCl gas to carry out Cs (volatile organic compound) treatment after multiple use failures2TeCl6The particles are repaired, and the specific method comprises the steps of placing the all-inorganic lead-free double-perovskite humidity sensor right above concentrated hydrochloric acid, heating the concentrated hydrochloric acid to volatilize HCl gas, and fumigating the all-inorganic lead-free double-perovskite humidity sensor by the HCl gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention relates to a high-stability Cs in an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite particles are in micron order, have large specific surface area, are applied to a humidity sensing device, are sensitive to the change of humidity, and have high response speed and wide response range;
(2) the invention relates to a high-stability Cs in an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite particles have uniform surface appearance and better crystallization performance;
(3) the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor can be repaired by using HCl gas, so that the problem of device performance degradation caused by long-term work under ultrahigh humidity is solved, and further, the repeated recycling can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor, wherein 1-substrate, 2-interdigital electrode and 3-perovskite Cs are adopted2TeCl6A layer;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a device for testing the performance of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor;
FIG. 3 shows Cs prepared in example 12TeCl6An XRD pattern of the particles;
FIG. 4 shows Cs prepared in example 12TeCl6SEM picture of (1);
FIG. 5 is a time-current response curve for different humidities for the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a 30 cycle time-current response curve at high humidity for the all inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the response time and recovery time at high humidity for the all inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1;
FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1 before and after its repair;
FIG. 9 is a luminescence spectrum before and after the repair of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1;
FIG. 10 is a plot of response time and recovery time for 5 cycles before and after the repair of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor of example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the description.
As shown in FIG. 1, the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor comprises a substrate, Cs2TeCl6Leadless double perovskite layer and interdigital electrode, liningOn the bottom are sequentially an interdigital electrode and Cs2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite layer is formed on the substrate, the substrate can be a glass substrate, and the interdigital electrode can be a cobalt-nickel interdigital electrode.
Example 1: a preparation method of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 80 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A at a dropping rate of 30 drops/min, stirring and reacting at 120 ℃ for 30min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles; wherein the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid A and concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 8 mol/L, TeO2The solid-to-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 1:5, and the solid-to-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 1: 5; lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed for 3 hours at the temperature of 70 ℃ to obtain the annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion of Cs2TeCl6Cs in particle Dispersion2TeCl6The mass concentration of the particles is 0.3g/ml, Cs2TeCl6Dropping the dispersed particles on the interdigital electrode, and annealing at 70 deg.C for 10min to obtain Cs2TeCl6A lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor;
cs prepared in this example2TeCl6The XRD pattern of the particles is shown in FIG. 3, from which Cs can be seen2TeCl6The particles are of a cubic structure, the diffraction peak and each crystal face of the material are consistent with those of standard cards 75-0377, the crystallinity is very good, and the Cs is proved2TeCl6The particles are Cs2TeCl6Pure phase;
Cs2TeCl6SEM photograph of the particles is shown in FIG. 4, from which it can be seen that Cs is2TeCl6The surface topography of the particles has uniform size, and the particle size is distributed between 7 and 10The nano-silver powder has a large specific surface area, and is favorable for obtaining excellent humidity sensitivity;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The time-current response curve of the humidity sensor under different humidities is shown in fig. 5, namely, 0.1V of external voltage is applied to two ends of an electrode, the measured humidity range is changed from 5% to 90%, and the real-time current change curve is shown in fig. 5;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The 30-cycle time-current response curve of the humidity sensor under high humidity is shown in figure 6, and as can be seen from figure 6, the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor can still maintain excellent cycle stability performance under 30 cycles under high humidity;
inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The response time and recovery time curve of the humidity sensor under high humidity are shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen from the graph that the response speed of the current of the prepared sensor to the change of humidity is very fast, wherein the response time of the device is 13.6 seconds, and the recovery time is 1.39 seconds;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) before and after the humidity sensor is repaired is shown in figure 8, and the HCl gas can completely repair the humidity sensor and Cs damaged by high humidity environment as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) before and after the humidity sensor is repaired2TeCl6The excellent repairability of the material can solve the problem of humidity performance degradation caused by long-term high-humidity airflow;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The luminescence spectrogram before and after the humidity sensor is repaired is shown in figure 9, the spectral data can show that the luminescence of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material on the humidity sensor is restored to the original level after the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material is repaired by HCl gas, and the Cs is proved2TeCl6Has the advantages of repairabilityThe characteristic of repeated recycling;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The response time and recovery time curves for 5 cycles before and after the humidity sensor is repaired are shown in FIG. 10, which shows that Cs is repaired by HCl gas2TeCl6The full-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material has good repairability and repeated recycling performance;
the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time ultrashort response speed, excellent repairability and repeated recycling.
Example 2: a preparation method of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 120 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A at a dropping rate of 60 drops/min, stirring and reacting at 160 ℃ for 50min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles; wherein the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid A and concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 12mol/L, TeO2The solid-to-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 1: 2; lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed for 7 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain the annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion of Cs2TeCl6Cs in particle Dispersion2TeCl6The mass concentration of the particles is 0.7g/ml, Cs2TeCl6The particle dispersion liquid is coated on the interdigital electrode in a spinning way, and then is annealed for 50min at the temperature of 90 ℃ to obtain Cs2TeCl6A lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor;
inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The response time and recovery time curve of the humidity sensor under high humidity can show that the response speed of the current of the prepared sensor to the change of the humidity is very high, wherein the response time of a device is 13.5 seconds, and the recovery time is 1.38 seconds;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) before and after the humidity sensor is repaired show that the HCl gas can completely repair the humidity sensor and Cs damaged by the high-humidity environment2TeCl6The excellent repairability of the material can solve the problem of humidity performance degradation caused by long-term high-humidity airflow;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The luminescence spectrograms before and after the humidity sensor is repaired can see that the luminescence of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material on the humidity sensor is restored to the original level after the HCl gas repairs, which proves that the Cs2TeCl6Has the characteristics of repairable repeated recycling;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The response time and recovery time curves of the humidity sensor in 5 cycles before and after the humidity sensor is repaired can be seen, and the Cs is shown after the humidity sensor is repaired by HCl gas2TeCl6The full-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material has good repairability and repeated recycling performance;
the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, real-time ultrashort response speed, excellent repairability and repeated recycling.
Example 3: a preparation method of an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 100 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A at a rate of 45 drops/min, stirring at 140 deg.C for 40 min, performing solid-liquid separation, washing the solid with anhydrous ethanol until the washing solution is neutral to obtain inorganic solutionLead double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles; wherein the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid A and concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 10 mol/L, TeO2The solid-to-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 7: 20; lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion of Cs2TeCl6Cs in particle Dispersion2TeCl6The mass concentration of the particles is 0.5g/ml, Cs2TeCl6The particle dispersion liquid is coated on the interdigital electrode in a spinning way, and then is annealed for 30min at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain Cs2TeCl6A lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor;
inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The response time and recovery time curve of the humidity sensor under high humidity can show that the response speed of the current of the prepared sensor to the change of the humidity is very high, wherein the response time of a device is 13.7 seconds, and the recovery time is 1.40 seconds;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) before and after the humidity sensor is repaired show that the HCl gas can completely repair the humidity sensor and Cs damaged by the high-humidity environment2TeCl6The excellent repairability of the material can solve the problem of humidity performance degradation caused by long-term high-humidity airflow;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The luminescence spectrograms before and after the humidity sensor is repaired can see that the luminescence of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material on the humidity sensor is restored to the original level after the HCl gas repairs, which proves that the Cs2TeCl6Has the characteristics of repairable repeated recycling;
all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Response time of humidity sensor at 5 cycles before and after restorationIt can be seen from the time and recovery time curves that Cs is indicated after HCl gas remediation2TeCl6The full-inorganic lead-free double perovskite material has good repairability and repeated recycling performance;
the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity, real-time ultrashort response speed, excellent repairability and repeated recycling;
the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time ultrashort response speed, excellent repairability and repeated recycling.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (6)
1. An all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor is characterized in that:
the device comprises a substrate, wherein interdigital electrodes are arranged on the substrate;
Cs2TeCl6lead-free double perovskite thin film layer, Cs2TeCl6The lead-free double perovskite thin film layer is arranged on the interdigital electrode;
the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, stirring and reacting at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 30-50min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Granular, lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed to obtain annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion, Cs2TeCl6Dropping the dispersed particles on the interdigital electrode or spin-coating the particles on the interdigital electrode, and annealing at 70-90 deg.C for 10-50 min to obtain Cs2TeCl6Lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor.
2. The preparation method of the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor as claimed in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) adding TeO2Adding the mixture into concentrated hydrochloric acid A, and reacting at the temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution A; adding CsCl into concentrated hydrochloric acid B, and reacting at 80-120 ℃ to obtain solution B; dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A, stirring and reacting at the temperature of 120-160 ℃ for 30-50min, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid with absolute ethyl alcohol until the washing liquid is neutral to obtain the all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Granular, lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6The particles are annealed to obtain annealed lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6Particles;
(2) annealing the lead-free double perovskite Cs in the step (1)2TeCl6Adding the granules into absolute ethyl alcohol, and uniformly dispersing under stirring to obtain Cs2TeCl6Particle dispersion, Cs2TeCl6Dropping the dispersed particles on the interdigital electrode or spin-coating the particles on the interdigital electrode, and annealing at 70-90 deg.C for 10-50 min to obtain Cs2TeCl6Lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor.
3. The method for preparing an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the concentration of concentrated hydrochloric acid A and concentrated hydrochloric acid B in the step (1) is 7-12mol/L, TeO2The solid-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 2-5: 10, and the solid-liquid ratio g/mL of the CsCl to the concentrated hydrochloric acid B is 2-5: 10.
4. The method for preparing an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the dropping speed of the solution B in the step (1) is 30-60 drops/min.
5. The method for preparing an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the annealing temperature in the step (1) is 70-90 ℃, and the annealing time is 3-7 h.
6. The method for preparing an all-inorganic lead-free double perovskite humidity sensor according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step (2) Cs2TeCl6Cs in particle Dispersion2TeCl6The mass concentration of the particles is 0.3 g/ml-0.7 g/ml.
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