CN112087222B - Clamping step-down solid-state electronic switch and hybrid switch - Google Patents
Clamping step-down solid-state electronic switch and hybrid switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN112087222B CN112087222B CN202010938340.4A CN202010938340A CN112087222B CN 112087222 B CN112087222 B CN 112087222B CN 202010938340 A CN202010938340 A CN 202010938340A CN 112087222 B CN112087222 B CN 112087222B
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0826—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
- H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
- H03K17/0828—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit in composite switches
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a clamping and voltage-reducing solid-state electronic switch and a hybrid switch using the same, wherein two switch modules are symmetrically arranged in the solid-state electronic switch, and the voltage added to the switch modules is reduced by arranging a clamping and voltage-reducing circuit at the input and output sides of the solid-state electronic switch, so that the low-voltage device can be effectively utilized in a high-voltage direct-current occasion without increasing the complexity of the circuit and the cost of products.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a clamping voltage-reducing solid-state electronic switch and a hybrid switch.
Background
Solid state electronic switches, also known as contactless switches, are commonly implemented by power electronics, and are commonly used in applications in which bidirectional solid state electronic switches are used. As shown in fig. 1, a conventional bidirectional solid-state electronic switch is basically composed of power electronics (such as IGBTs, MOSFETs, etc.) that fully control on-off. As shown in fig. 2, the solid-state electronic switch Kss and the mechanical switch Kn are often combined into a hybrid switch, and can be conveniently controlled by configuring an MCU, so that the solid-state electronic switch Kss has good market application prospect.
It is well known that the withstand voltage requirements of power electronics are dependent on the input and output voltages. For high-voltage direct-current switch occasions, especially for occasions above 1500V, 1200V power electronic devices cannot be used, and particularly 1700V devices are difficult to find products with proper cost performance. In practice, the problem of insufficient withstand voltage of the device can be solved by a series connection technology of power electronic devices, namely, the device is realized by a device with half voltage level and below, for example, a 750V device is used in a 1500V occasion. Such products are currently available on the market, as briefly described below.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the circuit structures of two typical high voltage dc circuit breakers are shown, respectively. In fig. 3, the circuit breaker switches DS, CB and the inductor L are configured to be controlled by a series connection of solid-state electronic switches, wherein each switch module uses a MOA/MOV device to step down or limit a power electronic device, and the voltage born by a single module is limited by a pressure sensitive device, which has a problem that a great potential safety hazard exists in a short-circuit failure mode of the pressure sensitive device. In fig. 4, the breaker switch DS is also configured with a solid-state electronic switch footbath, in which the FBSM uses a full bridge clamping mode, the actual voltages of all devices in a single module are determined by the voltage of the clamping capacitor, and the number of the devices is large, so that the control is complex.
Therefore, the solid-state electronic switch circuit structure in the prior art has the problems of complex structure or unsatisfactory safety. In view of the shortcomings of the existing solid state electronic switches, it is necessary to optimize them.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the clamping voltage-reducing solid-state electronic switch and the hybrid switch which are simple in structure and good in safety.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a clamping voltage-reducing solid-state electronic switch, which comprises two switch modules which are connected in series and are symmetrically arranged, wherein at least one of an input side of the solid-state electronic switch and an output side of the solid-state electronic switch is provided with a voltage-reducing circuit based on clamping voltage reduction, and voltage reduction points of the voltage-reducing circuit are correspondingly connected to the two switch modules to add voltage.
Optionally, each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse power control device; the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a voltage reduction circuit, wherein the voltage reduction point of each voltage reduction circuit is respectively connected to the serial connection point of the forward power control device and the reverse power control device of the corresponding switch module through a clamping diode.
Alternatively, the forward power control device and the reverse power control device are respectively triodes, and a reverse diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the corresponding triodes in parallel.
Optionally, each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse cut-off device; the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a voltage reduction circuit, wherein the voltage reduction point of each voltage reduction circuit is respectively connected to the serial connection points of the forward power control device and the reverse cut-off device of the corresponding switch module through a clamping diode.
Optionally, the forward power control device is a triode, and the reverse cut-off device is a reverse cut-off diode, wherein a reverse diode is connected between a collector and an emitter of the triode in parallel.
Optionally, each switch module is provided with a forward power control device and is free in the reverse direction; the input side of the solid-state electronic switch is provided with a voltage reducing circuit, and a voltage reducing point of the voltage reducing circuit is connected to a serial connection point between the forward electric energy control devices of the two switch modules through a clamping diode.
Optionally, the forward power control device is a triode, and the reverse power control device is in free short circuit, wherein a reverse diode is connected between a collector and an emitter of the triode in parallel.
Optionally, each switch module is configured with a series-connected resistance-capacitance adjusting element.
Alternatively, the step-down circuit steps down by connecting two step-down capacitors in series.
On the basis, the embodiment of the invention also provides a hybrid switch which comprises at least one mechanical switch and a combination of at least one solid-state electronic switch.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention utilizes the characteristic of bipolar positive and negative power distribution combination in a high-voltage direct-current occasion, improves the voltage-withstanding capability of the solid-state electronic switch serial module by using a clamping voltage-reducing method, realizes simple circuit configuration, and can improve the safety of products by avoiding using a pressure-sensitive device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of a conventional solid state electronic switch;
FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a prior art hybrid switch;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of a conventional high voltage dc circuit breaker;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another prior art dc-to-dc circuit breaker.
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of a solid state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a driving voltage waveform diagram of a solid-state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5c is a schematic diagram illustrating a forward turn-on process of a solid state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5d is a schematic diagram illustrating a forward turn-off process of a solid-state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5e is a diagram illustrating a reverse turn-on process of a solid state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5f is a diagram illustrating a reverse turn-off process of a solid-state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a solid state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electrical circuit of a three-solid state electronic switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of a hybrid switch employing a solid state electronic switch in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly generalized by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention and, therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The solid-state electronic switch in the following embodiment of the invention is connected with two switch modules in series which are symmetrically arranged, wherein one or two sides of the input side of the solid-state electronic switch and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are provided with voltage reducing circuits based on clamping voltage reduction, and the voltage reducing points of the voltage reducing circuits are correspondingly connected to the two switch modules to add voltage.
Example 1
Please refer to fig. 5 a-5 f, which illustrate a solid-state electronic switch according to a first embodiment. The first embodiment adopts a clamping voltage division method and is suitable for bidirectional electric energy on-off control.
As shown in fig. 5a, two switch modules of the solid-state electronic switch are controllable in two directions, wherein each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse power control device; the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a clamping voltage-reducing circuit, wherein the voltage-reducing point of each voltage-reducing circuit is respectively connected to the serial connection point of the forward power control device and the reverse power control device of the corresponding switch module through a clamping diode.
Specifically, the specific circuit configuration of the solid-state electronic switch is as follows.
The input side switch module is composed of a forward electric energy control device Qp1 and a reverse electric energy control device Qn1, which are power devices, and can be specifically triodes and commonly driven, wherein reverse diodes are connected between collector electrodes and emitter electrodes of the Qp1 and the Qn1 in parallel; similarly, the output side switching module is composed of a forward power control device Qp2 and a reverse power control device Qn2, which are also driven commonly, and the driving circuit configuration is relatively simple by keeping the bidirectional switch driven commonly. In addition, each control device is also correspondingly provided with a resistance-capacitance adjusting element, namely a resistor Rs1 and a capacitor Cs1 which are connected in parallel and in series by a Qp1, a resistor Rs2 and a capacitor Cs2 which are connected in parallel and in series by a Qp2, namely a resistor Rs3 and a capacitor Cs3 which are connected in parallel and in series by a Qp3, and a resistor Rs4 and a capacitor Cs4 which are connected in parallel and in series by a Qp 4.
The input side voltage reduction circuit is used for voltage reduction by voltage reduction capacitors Cp1 and Cn1 which are connected in series, wherein the capacitance values of the Cp1 and Cn1 can be equal, so that half-value voltage reduction can be performed; similarly, the input side buck circuit performs buck by the buck capacitors Cp2 and Cn2 connected in series, wherein the capacitance values of Cp2 and Cn2 are equal to perform half-value buck. In this way, the voltage is reduced by adopting the series connection of the voltage-reducing power electronic devices, and the voltage is correspondingly added into the two switch modules through the clamping diodes Dc1 and Dc2 after the voltage reduction, so that the clamping voltage reduction of the two switch modules is effectively realized.
In the first embodiment, the voltage drop points of the input side and output side voltage drop circuits are respectively connected with the series connection points of the forward power control device and the reverse power control device in the two switch modules through the clamp diodes Dc1 and Dc 2. The input-output side voltage is reduced to half through the step-down capacitors Cp1, cn1, cp2 and Cn2, so that the simple clamping step-down technology of the low-voltage device can be effectively utilized in the high-voltage direct-current occasion, and the circuit complexity and the cost are not increased.
The working principle and working process of the solid-state electronic switch are further described below.
The working principle of the first embodiment is as follows:
1. Qp1 and Qp2 are forward control power devices, and Qn1 and Qn2 are reverse control power devices; the input-output side voltage divides the input-output voltage into half through the voltage dividing capacitors Cp1 and Cn1 and Cp2 and Cn 2;
2. Qp1, qn1 and Qp2, qn2 are combined into two-way switch respectively, and the two-way switch is driven together to simplify driving and controlling circuit;
3. The midpoints of the capacitances Cp1, cn1 and Cp2, cn2 are connected to Qp1 and Qn2 with clamp diodes Dc1Dc 2;
4. When the voltage of Qp1, qn2 is greater than the clamp capacitor voltage Cp1, cp2, dc1, dc2 is turned on and electrical energy is released into the capacitor;
5. In practical design, the RC parameters of Qp1, qn2 are slightly faster or the gates are turned off slightly faster so that they are divided into higher voltages, thereby triggering the clamp accordingly.
Referring to fig. 5b, driving voltage waveforms of the respective switching modules are shown, and on and off processes of the respective power devices can be analyzed according to waveforms of the driving voltages Qp1 DRV, qp2 DRV and qn1 DRV, qn2 DRV, which are further described below.
Referring to fig. 5 c-5 f, waveforms of the input voltage Vin, the output voltage Vout and the corresponding control elements of the solid-state electronic switch are shown, wherein the horizontal axis of the waveform is time, and the vertical axis is the voltage of each element. For convenience, the voltages when Qp1, qp2 are turned on and off are denoted by Vgp1, vgp2 and VQp1, VQp2, respectively; voltages when Qn1, qn2 are turned on and off are represented by Vgn1, vgn2, VQn1, VQn 2.
(1) Forward conduction
As shown in fig. 5c, the timing of the forward conduction of the solid state electronic switch is shown, as described in detail below.
Before t 0: no input is provided.
T0-t1, the circuit has an input voltage but the switch is in an off state, its input voltage Vin is equally divided to Qp1, qp2, and Qn1, qn2 is in a forward biased state, its voltage is substantially zero. At this time, the output terminal voltage is zero.
T1-t2: qp2 is conducted first, the voltage born before Qp1 is conducted rises, and when the voltage of Qp1 is larger than 0.5Vin, the clamping circuit is automatically started. The electric energy is stored in the capacitor Cp1 through the diode, and the process time is tens of nS, corresponding to the conduction setting deviation of the switches Qp1 and Qp 2.
After t 2: qp1, qp2 already turned on, the output voltage is equal to the input, and the Dc1, dc2 diodes are turned off.
(2) Forward turn-off
As shown in fig. 5d, the timing of the solid state electronic switch forward turn off is shown, as described in detail below.
Before T0: the switch is on.
And t0-t1, corresponding to the turning-off time of the Qp1 and the Qp2, the Qp1 is turned off firstly, the born voltage rises, and when the voltage of the Qp1 is greater than 0.5Vin, the clamping circuit is automatically turned on. The electric energy is stored in the capacitor Cp1 through the diode, which takes several tens of nS, corresponding to the off-setting deviation of the switches Qp1, qp 2. At time t1 Qp2 turns off, which sees half of the input voltage.
T1-t2: the circuit has an input voltage but the switch is in an off state, its input voltage Vin is equally distributed to Qp1, qp2, and Qn1, qn2 is in a forward biased state, its voltage is substantially zero. At this time, the output terminal voltage is zero
After t 2: the input voltage disappears, and the voltage born by the electronic switch is reset to zero.
The forward on and off process is described above, and the reverse on and off process is described below similarly. The working states of Qn1, qp1, qn2, qp2 are exchanged in the reverse state due to the symmetrical design of the circuit, which is described in detail below.
(3) Reverse conduction
As shown in fig. 5e, the timing of reverse conduction of the solid state electronic switch is shown, as described in detail below.
Before t 0: no input is provided.
T0-t1, the circuit has an input voltage but the switch is in an off state, its voltage Vout is equally divided among Qn1, qn2, and Qp1, qp2 is in a forward biased state, its voltage is substantially zero. At this time, the output terminal voltage is zero
T1-t2: qn1 is conducted first, the voltage born before Qn2 is conducted rises, and when the voltage of Qn2 is larger than 0.5Vin, the clamping circuit is automatically started. The electric energy is stored in the capacitor Cp2 through the diode, which takes several tens of nS, corresponding to the conduction setting deviation of the switches Qn1, qn 2.
After t 2: qn1, qn2 are already on, the output voltage is equal to the input, and the Dc1, dc2 diodes are off.
(4) Reverse shut-off
As shown in fig. 5f, the timing of the solid-state electronic switch reverse turn off is shown, as described in detail below.
Before t 0: the switch is on.
And corresponding to the turn-off time of Qn1 and Qn2, qn2 is turned off firstly, the born voltage rises, and when the voltage of Qn2 is greater than 0.5Vou, the t clamping circuit is automatically turned on. The electric energy is stored in the capacitor Cp2 through the diode, which takes several tens of nS, corresponding to the off-setting deviation of the switches Qp1, qp 2. At time t1 Qp1 turns off, which sees half of the input voltage.
T1-t2: the circuit has an input voltage but the switch is in an off state, its voltage Vout is equally distributed to Qp1, qp2, and Qn1, qn2 is in a forward biased state, its voltage is substantially zero. At this time, the output terminal voltage is zero.
After t 2: the input voltage disappears, and the voltage born by the electronic switch is reset to zero.
The solid-state electronic switch has the advantages that the basic structural form of the solid-state electronic switch is adopted, the voltage-resisting capability of the series-connected modules of the solid-state electronic switch is improved by using a clamping voltage-reducing method by utilizing the characteristic of bipolar positive and negative power distribution combination in a high-voltage direct-current occasion, the circuit configuration is simple, and the safety of products can be improved by avoiding using a pressure-sensitive device.
On the basis, in the unidirectional power control or reverse uncontrolled occasion, the circuit topology can be simplified, for example: in the unidirectional electric energy control occasion, if only forward control and reverse cut-off are needed, the Qn1 and the Qn2 can be changed into diodes; in unidirectional power control applications, such as reverse uncontrolled, qn1, qn2 may be eliminated and replaced with a short circuit.
The following description will be given of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, in which the same parts between the embodiments are not repeated, and the description will be made with specific reference to a part of the embodiments as necessary.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, a solid-state electronic switch is shown in a second embodiment of the present invention. It differs from embodiment one in that: the forward power control and the reverse cut-off, that is, each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse cut-off device, specifically, the triodes Qn1 and Qn2 of the two reverse power control devices in the first embodiment can be removed and replaced by reverse cut-off diodes respectively. More specifically, the forward power control device is a triode, the reverse cut-off device is a reverse cut-off diode, and a reverse diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the triode in parallel. At this time, the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a step-down circuit, wherein the step-down point of each step-down circuit is respectively connected to the serial connection point of the forward power control device and the reverse cut-off device of the corresponding switch module through the clamping diodes Dc1 and Dc2, so that the voltage born by the corresponding switch module is reduced.
Example III
Referring to fig. 7, a solid-state electronic switch is shown according to a third embodiment of the present invention. It differs from embodiment one in that: the forward power control and the reverse power control are not controlled, namely each switch module is connected with a forward power control device and a reverse power control device in series. Specifically, the forward power control device is a triode, and the reverse direction is freely shorted to realize uncontrollable, wherein a reverse diode is connected between a collector and an emitter of the triode in parallel. Correspondingly, one of the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch is provided with a voltage reducing circuit, wherein the voltage reducing points of the voltage reducing circuit are connected with the serial connection points of the two switch modules through a clamping diode. Of course, the voltage-reducing circuit can be arranged on one of the output sides of the solid-state electronic switch, and the principle and the process are the same as those of the positive voltage-reducing circuit, so that the description is omitted.
The solid state electronic switches of the various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above as either individual devices or in combination with mechanical switches to form solid state mechanical hybrid switches, as briefly described below.
Referring to fig. 8, a hybrid switch is shown in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which is formed by combining at least one mechanical switch and at least one solid state electronic switch, thereby forming a plurality of hybrid switches. In fig. 8, the mechanical switches may be a plurality of mechanical switches, such as Kn, ks, kp, etc., where Kp may bridge the whole connection, and the specific working manner is referred to the prior art document and will not be described again.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiment should not be construed as limiting the invention, and the scope of the invention should be defined by the appended claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a solid-state electronic switch of clamp step-down, includes two switch modules that concatenate and symmetrical configuration, its characterized in that, solid-state electronic switch input side and solid-state electronic switch output side have the step-down circuit based on clamp step-down at least one side, and the step-down point of step-down circuit is connected to two switch modules and adds the voltage correspondingly:
Each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse power control device; the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a voltage reducing circuit, wherein the voltage reducing point of each voltage reducing circuit is respectively connected with the serial connection point of a forward power control device and a reverse power control device of a corresponding switch module through a clamping diode, the forward power control device and the reverse power control device are respectively triodes, and a reverse diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the corresponding triode in parallel;
Or each switch module is connected in series with a forward power control device and a reverse cut-off device; the input side and the output side of the solid-state electronic switch are respectively provided with a voltage reducing circuit, wherein the voltage reducing point of each voltage reducing circuit is respectively connected with the serial connection point of a forward electric energy control device and a reverse cut-off device of a corresponding switch module through a clamping diode, the forward electric energy control device is a triode, the reverse cut-off device is a reverse cut-off diode, and a reverse diode is connected between the collector and the emitter of the triode in parallel;
or each switch module is provided with a forward electric energy control device and is free in the reverse direction; the input side of the solid-state electronic switch is provided with a voltage reducing circuit, a voltage reducing point of the voltage reducing circuit is connected to a serial connection point between the forward electric energy control devices of the two switch modules through a clamping diode, the forward electric energy control devices are triodes, reverse free short circuits are formed, and reverse diodes are connected between the collector electrodes and the emitter electrodes of the triodes in parallel.
2. The solid state electronic switch of claim 1 wherein each switch module is configured with series connected resistance capacitance adjustment elements.
3. The solid state electronic switch of claim 1 wherein the buck circuit steps down by connecting two buck capacitors in series.
4. A hybrid switch comprising a combination of at least one mechanical switch and at least one solid state electronic switch as claimed in any one of claims 1-3.
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| CN209982459U (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-01-21 | 郑州万用电子科技有限公司 | Two-wire system delay switch circuit with long delay and low power consumption |
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| CN104702252A (en) * | 2013-12-10 | 2015-06-10 | 通用电气公司 | Switch module, converter and electrical energy conversion device |
| CN111900968A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-06 | 上海京硅智能技术有限公司 | Solid-state electronic switch and hybrid switch with midpoint voltage division |
| CN213521829U (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-06-22 | 上海京硅智能技术有限公司 | Solid-state electronic switch and hybrid switch with midpoint voltage division |
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