CN112081143B - 一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法,包括如下步骤:1)模板和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条安装;2)变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑;3)拆模、变形缝另侧混凝土浇筑、养护;4)迎水面防水附加层及防水层;5)变形缝背水面接水槽安装。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法。
背景技术
随着对人们对地下空间的需求越来越大,地下商业街、地下车库,地铁站、城市综合管廊等地下工程在全国范围内大量推广和建设,随着地下建筑的不断扩容,为了保证地下工程的功能性不受影响,防渗漏问题成为了工程建设中需要考虑的关键点。顶板变形缝部位,由于缺失了钢筋自防水混凝土结构的保护,其渗漏问题更加突出。故《地下工程防水技术规范》(GB50108-2008)中特别提出,“用于伸缩的变形缝宜少设,可根据不同的工程结构类别、工程地质情况采用后浇带、加强带、诱导缝等替代措施”。但变形缝的设置除了满足建筑的伸缩外,往往还承担着结构不均匀沉降及抗震要求,故在目前的地下工程中,在很多条件下其依旧无法避免,必须设置。
目前顶板变形缝常规构造由内向外包括内填缝胶+泡沫填缝板+中埋式止水带+泡沫填缝板+外填缝胶+迎水面附加防水层及柔性防水层组成,施工操作非常复杂。构造中泡沫填缝板主要起到适应变形的作用,防水依靠填缝胶、迎水面柔性防水层及中埋式止水带。目前在实际防水应用中,由于中埋式止水带安装复杂,安装过程中容易损伤或移位,且存在难以处理的搭接缝,加上和混凝土的咬合效果不好,其缝内防水效果很难保证,而缝内填缝胶及迎水面的柔性防水层在沉降变形作用下,受到反复的疲劳拉伸容易破坏,加上变形缝部位水容易在此汇集流入缝内,故其传统防水效果一般,渗漏率居高不下。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的缺陷,本发明提供一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)模板和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条安装;
2)变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑;
3)拆模、变形缝另侧混凝土浇筑、养护;
4)迎水面防水附加层及防水层;
5)变形缝背水面接水槽安装。
优选的,所述模板和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条安装,包括如下具体步骤:
预制截面为“十”字型的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的截面高度同顶板变形缝处混凝土厚度,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的截面厚度同变形缝的宽度,将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条设置在变形缝中部,深入混凝土两边各10~20mm,优选值为20mm;
腻子型遇水膨胀止水条要求为缓膨型,其7d遇水膨胀值≤60%,最终遇水膨胀值≥200%,其表面应干净平坦,无划痕、气泡及别的杂质,边沿划一,拉伸强度≥3.5Mpa,扯断伸长率≥450%,硬度(邵尔A)为42±7度,静水收缩率≥250%;
将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过容易撕除的双面胶带点粘固定在两块木模板的内侧,两块木模板通过木条连成一个整体,腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过配套的胶粘剂接长为一体,木模板按照变形缝位置进行固定,要求模板满足混凝土振捣的侧墙压力下不得移位。
优选的,所述变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑,包括如下具体步骤:
根据设计图纸要求采用相应强度等级和抗渗等级的混凝土,对于变形缝部位的混凝土浇筑后应充分振捣,让混凝土和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条充分接触粘结,在混凝土初凝前,以变形缝侧为最高点,向外单向找坡,找坡坡度1%~5%,找坡范围1~5m,优选的采用3%的找坡坡度,找坡范围为3m。
优选的,所述拆模、变形缝另侧混凝土浇筑、养护,包括如下具体步骤:
混凝土养护采用湿养,待上部分混凝土强度达到2.5MPa以上时,拆除腻子型遇水膨胀止水条上定位模板,然后浇筑变形缝另侧混凝土结构,该部分混凝土性能要求及找坡做法均同前(与变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑中对混凝土性能要求及找坡做法相同),优选值:找坡范围为3m,找坡坡度为3%,混凝土厚度、强度等级为、抗渗等级按具体设计图纸要求。
优选的,所述迎水面防水附加层及防水层,包括如下具体步骤:
在变形缝上放置∅30的塑料棒,然后施工1000mm宽的防水卷材附加层,大面防水层选用防水卷材或防水涂料;优选的防水附加层宽度为3mm厚的自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材;当为一级防水设防,大面防水层底层为2mm厚非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料,涂料在变形缝1000mm范围内增设容重为200g/㎡的聚酯无纺布,表层为3mm厚自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材。
优选的,所述变形缝背水面接水槽安装,包括如下具体步骤:
在结构变形缝下部切割2~5mm宽,5~15mm深的滴水线(滴水槽),然后安装铝合金、PVC半管或TPO卷材接水槽;优选值为切割3mm宽10宽的滴水线(滴水槽),裁剪15mm宽的TPO卷材,TPO卷材通过热风焊接接长,然后通过打压条进行固定形成接水槽;固定压条的钉眼用聚氨酯密封胶进行密封,TPO接水槽连接到排水管。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
本发明的改进点主要包括:
1、本发明改进变形缝缝内密封处理的方法,满足防水可靠,且施工方便的要求。
2、本发明在变形缝迎水面设置坡度,防止水在变形缝汇集。
3、本发明在变形缝背水面设置接水槽,通过引流管和雨水管连接,在建筑使用年限内变形缝即使出现水的入侵,也可通过接排水措施将水排出,做到万无一失。
本发明还具有以下特点:
1、本发明解决顶板变形缝的渗漏问题
本发明通过特制的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条对变形缝进行完全密封,当有水进入时,止水条遇水自膨胀能力能有效避免渗漏,同时增加坡度避免水在变形缝汇集,最后在背水面增设接水槽保证防水万无一失。
2、本发明施工简单,简化工序
本发明通过特制的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条代替了传统的中埋式止水带、挤塑聚苯板、密封胶;且变形缝做到先处理,同时形成缝,相对传统做法,由于变形缝后形成,且缝太小(一般宽度在20~30mm),后期处理难度极大,本发明做到了施工简单,减少了施工误差和渗漏隐患。
3、本发明减少工期
传统做法变形缝处理困难,工序多,变形缝没处理完则导致后续防水层等施工无法进行,导致整体工期长,本发明做法变形缝两侧混凝土浇筑达到龄期后则可以进行后续施工,能明显减少工期。
4、本发明降低成本
本发明方法施工简单,施工成本有明显下降,且防水渗漏率的大大降低也避免了后期高昂的维修费用。
附图说明
图1是本发明的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案,而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明具体实施的技术方案是:
如图1所示,本发明提供一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法,包括如下步骤:
1)模板和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条安装:
预制截面为“十”字型的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的截面高度同顶板变形缝处混凝土厚度,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的截面厚度同变形缝的宽度,将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条设置在变形缝中部,深入混凝土两边各10~20mm,优选值为20mm;
腻子型遇水膨胀止水条要求为缓膨型,其7d遇水膨胀值≤60%,最终遇水膨胀值≥200%,其表面应干净平坦,无划痕、气泡及别的杂质,边沿划一,拉伸强度≥3.5Mpa,扯断伸长率≥450%,硬度(邵尔A)为42±7度,静水收缩率≥250%;
将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过容易撕除的双面胶带点粘固定在两块木模板的内侧,两块木模板通过木条连成一个整体,腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过配套的胶粘剂接长为一体,木模板按照变形缝位置进行固定,要求模板满足混凝土振捣的侧墙压力下不得移位;
2)变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑:
根据设计图纸要求采用相应强度等级和抗渗等级的混凝土,对于变形缝部位的混凝土浇筑后应充分振捣,让混凝土和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条充分接触粘结,在混凝土初凝前,以变形缝侧为最高点,向外单向找坡,找坡坡度1%~5%,找坡范围1~5m,优选的采用3%的找坡坡度,找坡范围为3m;
3)拆模、变形缝另侧混凝土浇筑、养护:
混凝土养护采用湿养,待上部分混凝土强度达到2.5MPa以上时,拆除腻子型遇水膨胀止水条上定位模板,然后浇筑变形缝另侧混凝土结构,该部分混凝土性能要求及找坡做法均同前(与变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑中对混凝土性能要求及找坡做法相同),优选值:找坡范围为3m,找坡坡度为3%,混凝土厚度、强度等级为、抗渗等级按具体设计图纸要求;
4)迎水面防水附加层及防水层:
在变形缝上放置∅30的塑料棒,然后施工1000mm宽的防水卷材附加层,大面防水层选用防水卷材或防水涂料;优选的防水附加层宽度为3mm厚的自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材;当为一级防水设防,大面防水层底层为2mm厚非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料,涂料在变形缝1000mm范围内增设容重为200g/㎡的聚酯无纺布,表层为3mm厚自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材;
5)变形缝背水面接水槽安装:
在结构变形缝下部切割2~5mm宽,5~15mm深的滴水线(滴水槽),然后安装铝合金、PVC半管或TPO卷材接水槽;优选值为切割3mm宽10宽的滴水线(滴水槽),裁剪15mm宽的TPO卷材,TPO卷材通过热风焊接接长,然后通过打压条进行固定形成接水槽;固定压条的钉眼用聚氨酯密封胶进行密封,TPO接水槽连接到排水管。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种顶板变形缝防排结合的防渗漏施工方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)模板和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条安装:
预制截面为“十”字型的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的截面高度同顶板变形缝处混凝土厚度,该腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的竖条截面厚度同变形缝的宽度,将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条设置在变形缝中部,“十”字型的腻子型遇水膨胀止水条的横条深入两边混凝土各10~20mm;
腻子型遇水膨胀止水条要求为缓膨型,其7d遇水膨胀值≤60%,最终遇水膨胀值≥200%,其表面应干净平坦,无划痕、气泡及别的杂质,边沿划一,拉伸强度≥3.5MPa,扯断伸长率≥450%,硬度为42±7度;
将腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过容易撕除的双面胶带点粘固定在两块木模板的内侧,两块木模板通过木条连成一个整体,腻子型遇水膨胀止水条通过配套的胶粘剂接长为一体,木模板按照变形缝位置进行固定,要求模板满足混凝土振捣的侧墙压力下不得移位;
2)变形缝一侧混凝土浇筑:
根据设计图纸要求采用相应强度等级和抗渗等级的混凝土,对于变形缝部位的混凝土浇筑后应充分振捣,让混凝土和腻子型遇水膨胀止水条充分接触粘结,在混凝土初凝前,以变形缝侧为最高点,向外单向找坡,找坡坡度1%~5%,找坡范围1~5m;
3)变形缝一侧混凝土养护、拆模、变形缝另侧混凝土浇筑:
混凝土养护采用湿养,待上述混凝土强度达到2.5MPa以上时,拆除腻子型遇水膨胀止水条上定位模板,然后浇筑变形缝另侧混凝土结构;
4)迎水面防水附加层及防水层施工:
在变形缝上放置∅30的塑料棒,然后施工1000mm宽的防水卷材附加层,大面防水层选用防水卷材或防水涂料;当为一级防水设防,大面防水层底层为2mm厚非固化橡胶沥青防水涂料,涂料在变形缝1000mm范围内增设容重为200g/㎡的聚酯无纺布,表层为3mm厚自粘聚合物改性沥青防水卷材;
5)变形缝背水面接水槽安装:
在结构变形缝下部切割2~5mm宽,5~15mm深的滴水线,然后安装TPO卷材接水槽;TPO卷材通过热风焊接接长,然后通过打压条进行固定形成接水槽;固定压条的钉眼用聚氨酯密封胶进行密封,TPO卷材接水槽连接到排水管。
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