CN112067274A - Device and method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring - Google Patents

Device and method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring Download PDF

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CN112067274A
CN112067274A CN202010989644.3A CN202010989644A CN112067274A CN 112067274 A CN112067274 A CN 112067274A CN 202010989644 A CN202010989644 A CN 202010989644A CN 112067274 A CN112067274 A CN 112067274A
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plate spring
tested
load
output connecting
cross beam
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CN112067274B (en
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张雷
李姗姗
罗欣
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China Textile Academy
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China Textile Academy
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
    • G01N2203/0008—High frequencies from 10 000 Hz
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0222—Temperature
    • G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G01N2203/024—Corrosive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0252—Monoaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along a single axis of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0288—Springs
    • G01N2203/029—Leaf spring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the box body is arranged in a closed manner; the plate spring fixing support is fixedly arranged in the box body, one end of a plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the plate spring fixing support, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the plate spring fixing support; the temperature control system and the temperature sensor are arranged in the box body; the saline solution spraying device is arranged in the box body; the first load loading system is connected with the fixed component, can rotate relative to the fixed component and can apply load in the thickness direction and/or the length direction of the plate spring to be tested; and the second load loading system is connected with the fixed assembly and applies load at least in the width direction of the leaf spring to be tested. The invention can simulate the forces of the plate spring in various directions in the salt fog environment under the actual loading working condition, objectively evaluate the fatigue life of the composite material plate spring and improve the reliability of the composite material plate spring.

Description

Device and method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plate spring detection, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring.
Background
The plate spring is used as a common suspension system component of an automobile, and has a good damping effect. Leaf springs are used in large numbers, in particular in commercial vehicles. With the globalization trend of energy saving and environmental protection, the light weight of automobiles is one of the most effective solutions. Compared with the traditional leaf spring, the composite leaf spring has the following obvious advantages: the integrated molding has obvious weight reduction effect; the fatigue resistance is excellent; has a 'safe fracture' mode; the NVH (vibration, noise and harshness) characteristics of the whole vehicle can be improved. Most of the composite plate springs are made through a laminating or winding process and are typical anisotropic materials, and the single and vertical detection equipment and standards of the traditional steel plate spring cannot meet the test requirements of the composite plate springs. Aiming at the material property of the composite plate spring and the state of the composite plate spring in the actual driving process, a performance testing device and a method with pertinence need to be developed, in particular to a multi-directional fatigue performance testing device and a method with environmental resistance.
Although the composite plate spring has little performance change in petroleum products such as gasoline and the like and environments such as acid, sewage, snow-melting agent and the like, the composite plate spring has better corrosion resistance. However, the salt spray fatigue resistance of the composite plate spring is affected, especially when the composite plate spring is used in high salt spray environment close to coastal areas. Research shows that corrosive salt mist easily invades into the composite material through a small amount of microscopic defects between fiber and resin interfaces, so that the mechanical property of the material is reduced. After the salt spray corrosion, the fibers in the composite material are intact and have no salt particle deposition on the surface, which shows that the salt spray has no corrosion effect on the fibers. But the original rough resin among the fibers becomes smooth and flat, and the adhering resin on the surfaces of the fibers is less. This is because corrosive salt mist and moisture penetrate along the defects between the fibers and the resin, so that the resin expands and corrodes, promoting crack extension, enlarging the gaps at the interface, and causing the resin to fall off. In order to improve the reliability of the composite plate spring, an environmental fatigue test for salt spray resistance is necessary.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106092552A discloses a salt spray fatigue resistance testing device for a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring of an automobile, which comprises a substrate; a leaf spring to be tested; a pair of guide rails symmetrically arranged at two sides of the top surface of the substrate; a pair of sliding parts which are arranged on the guide rail and form a moving pair with the guide rail, and a displacement measuring device which is matched with the guide rail and the sliding parts is arranged between the guide rail and the sliding parts; the support part arranged on the sliding part supports the plate spring to be tested, the output rod of the load loading system is connected to the middle part of the plate spring to be tested through the clamping plate, and the central axis of the output rod is perpendicular to the test reference surface. According to the scheme, the transverse displacement of the plate spring is measured, the rigidity of the plate spring is corrected by utilizing the chord length, and the performance of the composite plate spring is tested.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106289745A discloses a composite leaf spring high and low temperature fatigue and side-tipping performance testing rack, which comprises an experimental box, a temperature control system, a driving mechanism, a pressure rod and a temperature sensor; the plate spring supporting cross beam is installed in the experiment box body through the lifting mechanism, the position of the plate spring supporting cross beam is matched with the pressure rod, a pair of plate spring clamping supports are arranged on the plate spring supporting cross beam, the plate spring clamping supports are matched with the plate spring supporting cross beam to form two plate spring clamping positions, and the plate spring clamping positions are respectively a horizontal clamping position and a vertical clamping position. The scheme is only to vertically pressurize the composite plate spring and test the fatigue performance of the composite plate spring. The test for the rolling performance is single-point load application, and is not enough to simulate the rolling force applied to the plate spring in actual road conditions.
Therefore, in the existing testing device, on one hand, the test on the composite material plate spring is that single-point unidirectional load is applied, and the load cannot be loaded in multiple directions at the same time, so that the pressure in multiple directions applied to the plate spring in actual road conditions cannot be simulated; on the other hand, in the existing testing device, the eye lugs at both ends of the plate spring are fixed on a trolley which can slide for testing, the difference from the actual loading condition of the plate spring is large, and the fatigue life of the composite plate spring cannot be objectively reflected.
The present invention has been made in view of this situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a method for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring. The test device can apply load in three-dimensional direction, can apply cyclic load to the composite plate spring through independent loading or combined loading of forces in different directions, can simulate the force applied to the composite plate spring in salt spray environment and actual loading condition, and can objectively evaluate the fatigue life of the composite plate spring.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a device for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring, which comprises:
the box body is arranged in a closed manner and is provided with a transparent visual window;
the plate spring fixing support is fixedly arranged in the box body, one end of a plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the plate spring fixing support, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the plate spring fixing support; the fixing component is fixedly connected to the middle part of the plate spring to be tested;
the temperature control system and the temperature sensor are arranged in the box body, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the temperature control system;
the salt solution spraying device is arranged in the box body and sprays atomized salt solution;
the first load loading system is connected with the fixed component and can rotate relative to the fixed component, and loads are applied in the thickness direction and/or the length direction of the plate spring to be tested;
and the second load loading system is connected with the fixed assembly and applies load at least in the width direction of the leaf spring to be tested.
In a further scheme, the plate spring fixing support comprises a cross beam, and at least one end of the cross beam is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body; the length directions of the plate spring to be tested and the cross beam are consistent, one end of the plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the cross beam;
preferably, the plate spring to be tested is positioned below the cross beam, one end of the plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is hinged with the cross beam.
In a further scheme, a fixed mounting part and a movable mounting part are arranged on the cross beam, and the fixed mounting part comprises a hanging lug arranged on the lower side of one end of the cross beam and is fixedly connected with a rolling lug at one end of the plate spring; the movable mounting part comprises a hinge mounting frame, one end of the hinge mounting frame is connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the hinge mounting frame is hinged with a rolling lug at one end of the plate spring;
preferably, a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the cross beam along the length direction, and one end of the hinge mounting frame is connected with the cross beam through the fixing holes.
In a further aspect, the first load loading system includes a first output connecting rod and a first loading device, one end of the first output connecting rod is rotatably connected to the fixing assembly, and the other end of the first output connecting rod is rotatably connected to the first loading device.
The lower ends of the two first output connecting rods are respectively and rotatably connected with two sides of the fixing component, and a fixing transverse shaft is arranged between the upper ends of the two first output connecting rods; the first loading device is connected with the fixed transverse shaft and can rotate around the fixed transverse shaft.
According to a further scheme, the second load loading system is located on one side of the plate spring in the width direction and comprises a second output connecting rod, a second loading device and a connecting frame, one end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with the fixing component, the other end of the connecting frame is rotatably connected with the second output connecting rod, and the second output connecting rod is fixedly connected with the second loading device.
In a further scheme, the connecting frame comprises a first rod and a second rod which are perpendicular to each other, one end of the first rod is fixedly connected with the fixing component, and the other end of the first rod is fixedly connected with the middle part of the second rod; the second output connecting rods comprise two second output connecting rods which are arranged in parallel, and the two second output connecting rods are respectively and rotatably connected with the two ends of the second rod and are fixedly connected with the second loading device.
In a further scheme, a rotating flange is sleeved on the first rod and can rotate around the first rod, and the lower end of the first output connecting rod is fixedly connected with the rotating flange;
preferably, the rotating flange and the first rod are provided with matched positioning holes, and the rotating flange and the first rod are fixed by sequentially penetrating through the matched positioning holes through the fixing piece.
And the temperature control system is arranged in the box body and can heat or cool the box body. The temperature control system can adopt any device and control system which can realize the temperature regulation function in the prior art.
And the temperature sensor is arranged in the box body and is electrically connected with the temperature control system, and is used for detecting the temperature in the box body and transmitting a signal to the temperature control system so as to facilitate the temperature control system to control the temperature to reach the set temperature.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a testing method of the device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to any one or combination of the above schemes, wherein the plate spring to be tested is subjected to salt spray treatment and drying treatment, and then is mounted on the plate spring fixing bracket;
the board spring to be tested is loaded with force in a single direction or combined force in different directions by controlling the opening/closing, the direction, the magnitude and the frequency of the applied load of the first load loading system and the second load loading system, and the performance of the board spring to be tested is tested.
In a further scheme, the direction of the first output connecting rod and the angle between the first loading device and the first output connecting rod are adjusted to control the loading force of the first load loading system in the length direction and the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested, and the loading force in the width direction of the plate spring to be tested is adjusted through the second load loading system to perform performance testing.
In a further scheme, the test method for simulating different working conditions comprises the following steps:
the working condition of full load: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, controlling the temperature in the box body to be set by the temperature control system, and controlling the first loading device to apply load in the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested;
load condition when turning and heeling: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, controlling the temperature in the box body to be set by the temperature control system, and controlling the first loading device to apply load in the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested; meanwhile, controlling a second loading device to apply a load in the width direction of the plate spring to be tested;
load conditions at brake deceleration/start acceleration: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, and adjusting the first loading device clockwise/anticlockwise to enable the angle between the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be 45 degrees; the temperature control system controls the temperature in the box body to be the set temperature and then controls the first loading device to apply the load.
After adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the salt spray fatigue resistance testing device for the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring can perform a collaborative loading test in X, Y, Z three-dimensional directions (the thickness, width and length directions of the plate spring); the independent loading or the combined loading of accessible not equidirectional power, exert cyclic load to the combined material leaf spring, cooperate salt solution atomizer and temperature control system again, can simulate the power of the each direction that the leaf spring received in the actual loading operating mode under the salt fog environment for the fatigue life of evaluation combined material leaf spring. Particularly, the fatigue test can be performed under the limit working conditions of full load, steering, emergency braking, starting and accelerating and decelerating of the composite plate spring in a salt spray environment, and the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be truly and objectively reflected as much as possible.
2. The invention is different from the mode that the two ends of the plate spring are fixed on two sliding trolleys in the traditional plate spring fatigue life test process, the installation of the composite plate spring completely simulates the actual loading condition of the plate spring, one end of the composite plate spring is fixedly connected, the other end of the composite plate spring is connected by adopting a hinge, a stress extension space is reserved, and the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be objectively reflected.
3. The salt spray fatigue resistance testing device for the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring adopts a load control mode, can detect the manufacturing quality of the composite plate spring, and can reflect the strength matching condition of the composite plate spring in the actual road condition of a finished automobile.
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention to the right. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring performance testing device of the present invention, wherein only the side wall of a box body is shown;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring performance testing device under a full-load working condition or a turning and side-tipping working condition;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the device for testing the performance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring under braking and deceleration conditions;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view (not fully assembled and showing only the side walls of the box) from another perspective of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal composite material plate spring performance testing device under the working conditions of starting and acceleration.
In the figure: 10, a box body, 11 connecting pieces,
20 cross beams, 21 hangers, 22 hinge mounting frames, 23 side plates, 24 connecting pins, 25 connecting rods, 26 fixing holes,
30 leaf springs, 40 fixing the assembly,
50 a first load loading system, 51 a first output connecting rod, 52a first loading device, 53 a fixed transverse shaft, 54 a first rotating flange, 55 a first loading connecting rod,
60 second load loading system, 61 second output connecting rod, 62 second loading device, 63 connecting frame, 64 first rod, 65 second rod, 66 second rotating flange, 67 connecting flange, 68 second loading connecting rod, 70 temperature sensor and 80 salt solution spraying device.
It should be noted that the drawings and the description are not intended to limit the scope of the inventive concept in any way, but to illustrate it by a person skilled in the art with reference to specific embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the following embodiments are used for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The force applied to the plate spring is complex due to different road conditions in the driving process of the automobile. Particularly, when the vehicle brakes, starts or accelerates or decelerates, the force generated by the wheels acts on the leaf spring, so that the leaf spring generates S deformation in the longitudinal span direction, and at the moment, the leaf spring is acted by the vertical force and the longitudinal force; when the vehicle turns, under the action of centrifugal force, the force generated by the wheels acts on the leaf spring to cause the leaf spring to generate lateral rolling deformation, and at the moment, the leaf spring is subjected to the combined action of vertical force and lateral force. The existing steel plate spring or composite plate spring only carries out simple up-and-down stress fatigue bench test, the bench test is simple, in addition, the anisotropic characteristic of the composite plate spring is needed to simulate the load condition of the composite plate spring in the vehicle running process, and the fatigue bench device of the composite plate spring needs to be redesigned, so that the performance and the service life of the composite plate spring in the actual road condition are reflected more truly.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a device for testing salt spray fatigue resistance of a longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring, comprising:
a case 10 which is hermetically provided and has a transparent visible window;
the plate spring fixing support is fixedly arranged in the box body 10, one end of a plate spring to be tested 30 is fixedly connected with the plate spring fixing support, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the plate spring fixing support;
the temperature control system and the temperature sensor 70 are arranged in the box body 10, and the temperature sensor 70 is electrically connected with the temperature control system;
a salt solution spraying device 80 installed in the case 10 to spray atomized salt solution;
a first load applying system 50 connected to the fixing member 40 and rotatable with respect to the fixing member 40 to apply a load in a thickness direction and/or a length direction of the leaf spring to be tested;
and a second load applying system 60 connected to the fixing assembly 40 and applying a load at least in a width direction of the leaf spring to be tested.
According to the invention, the door body is arranged on the box body 10, and after the door body is closed, the whole box body 10 is arranged in a closed manner. One side of the box body 10 is provided with a transparent visual window for observation in the test process.
The leaf spring to be tested is mounted on the leaf spring fixing bracket for testing. The leaf spring fixing bracket comprises a cross beam 20, and at least one end of the cross beam 20 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 10; the length direction of the plate spring 30 to be tested is consistent with the length direction of the cross beam 20, one end of the plate spring is fixedly connected with the cross beam 20, and the other end of the plate spring is movably connected with the cross beam 20.
The beam 20 is of a strip structure, one end of the beam 20 can be fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body 10, and the other end of the beam is suspended, so that a fixing effect can be achieved. Or, both ends of the cross beam 20 are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box 10, for example, both ends of the cross beam 20 can be respectively fixed on two opposite inner walls of the box 10, so as to achieve a better fixing and supporting effect.
The cross member 20 is provided in a length direction perpendicular to the surface of the inner wall of the installed casing 10. One or both ends of the cross member 20 may be fixedly connected to the inner wall of the case 10 by a connector 11. The connecting member 11 may be a right-angle connecting member 11, and two perpendicular surfaces of the right-angle connecting member 11 are fixedly connected to the cross beam 20 and the inner wall of the box 10, respectively, so that the cross beam 20 is perpendicular to and fixed to the surface of the inner wall of the box 10.
The length direction of the plate spring to be tested is consistent with that of the cross beam 20 and is positioned below the cross beam 20, one of the eye curling at the two ends of the plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the cross beam 20, and the other end of the eye curling is hinged with the cross beam 20. After the test fixture is installed, the position of the central part of the plate spring to be tested is the lowest, so that the fixing component 40 is conveniently installed at the central part of the plate spring to be tested, and the force is conveniently applied to the plate spring.
In a further scheme, a fixed mounting part and a movable mounting part are arranged on the cross beam 20, the fixed mounting part comprises a hanging lug 21 arranged on the lower side of one end of the cross beam 20, and the hanging lug is fixedly connected with a rolling lug at one end of a plate spring; the movable mounting part comprises a hinge mounting frame 22, one end of the hinge mounting frame 22 is connected with the cross beam 20, and the other end of the hinge mounting frame 22 is located below the cross beam 20 and hinged to a rolling lug at one end of the plate spring.
One or both ends of the cross member 20 are fixed, and the end of the cross member 20 provided with the suspension loops 21 is considered to be in the same direction as the vehicle traveling direction, and the end provided with the hinge mount 22 is considered to be opposite to the vehicle traveling direction. One end of the composite leaf spring to be tested is fixed to the suspension lug 21 in the same direction as the vehicle running direction, and the other end is fixed to the hinge mounting bracket 22 opposite to the vehicle running direction. Thus, the installation of the composite plate spring can completely simulate the actual loading condition of the plate spring, and the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be reflected more objectively during testing.
Specifically, the hinge mounting bracket 22 includes two side plates 23 disposed opposite to each other, two ends of the two side plates 23 in the length direction are respectively provided with a hole, and two holes corresponding to the same end position on the two side plates 23 are penetrated and fixed by the same connecting pin 24. The hinge mounting 22 further comprises a connecting rod 25, one end of the connecting rod 25 can be fixed with the cross beam 20, and the other end is rotatably connected with the two side plates 23. So, two curb plates 23 one end are rotated with connecting rod 25 and are connected, and the connecting pin 24 of the other end can pass the eye that corresponds on the board 23 of both sides and leaf spring one end, and the eye can be connected the 24 activities of connecting pin relatively, so with the articulated connection of tip and hinge mount 22 of leaf spring, reserved the space that the leaf spring atress extends, simulate the loading situation that the leaf spring is actual better.
In addition, a plurality of fixing holes 26 are formed in the cross beam 20 at intervals in the length direction, and one end of the connecting rod 25 of the hinge mounting bracket 22 is connected to the cross beam 20 through the fixing holes 26. That is, one end of the connecting rod 25 in the hinge mounting frame 22 can be selectively and fixedly connected with the fixing hole 26 at a proper position on the cross beam 20 according to the length of the leaf spring, so that the leaf spring testing device can be suitable for testing composite leaf springs with different lengths.
By adopting the scheme, the installation mode of the plate spring is different from the mode that two ends of the plate spring are fixed on two sliding trolleys in the traditional plate spring fatigue life test process, the installation of the composite plate spring completely simulates the actual loading condition of the plate spring, namely one end of the composite plate spring is fixed, and the other end of the composite plate spring is connected by a hinge, so that the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be reflected more objectively.
In order to enable the testing device to carry out the cooperative loading test in the three-dimensional direction, the testing device of the invention applies cyclic load to the composite plate spring through the independent loading or the combined loading of forces in different directions, and comprises a first load loading system 50 and a second load loading system 60 which apply load in different directions. The first load loading system 50 may apply a load in a thickness direction and/or a length direction of the leaf spring to be tested; the second load applying system 60 may apply a load in a width direction of the leaf spring to be tested.
The thickness direction of the leaf spring to be tested in the present invention refers to the vertical direction when the leaf spring is mounted on an automobile (or when placed horizontally), and is also referred to as the X direction in the present invention; the length direction is the longitudinal direction of the plate spring, namely the front and back direction of the plate spring when the plate spring is installed on an automobile, and is also called as the Z direction in the invention; the width direction is a lateral direction of the plate spring, i.e., a left-right direction when the plate spring is mounted on an automobile, and is also referred to as a Y direction in the present invention.
In the present invention, the first load loading system 50 includes a first output connecting rod 51 and a first loading device 52, wherein one end of the first output connecting rod 51 is rotatably connected to the fixing assembly 40, and the other end thereof is rotatably connected to the first loading device 52.
The fixing member 40 may be a plate spring fixing clamp plate fixed to the middle of the plate spring to be tested. The plate spring fixing clamp plate comprises an upper clamp plate and a lower clamp plate, wherein the upper clamp plate and the lower clamp plate are fixed through a plate spring fixing bolt, and a plate spring is fixed between the upper clamp plate and the lower clamp plate. The upper and lower clamping plates may be provided with through holes or mounting holes for connection to the first and second load applying systems 50 and 60. The first load applying system 50 is located above or on one side in the longitudinal direction of the leaf spring, and the second load applying system 60 is located on one side in the width direction of the leaf spring.
As a specific scheme, the first load loading system 50 includes two first output connecting rods 51 arranged in parallel, lower ends of the two first output connecting rods 51 are respectively rotatably connected with two sides of the fixing assembly 40, upper ends of the two first output connecting rods 51 extend above the cross beam 20, and a fixing cross shaft 53 is arranged between the upper ends; the first loading means 52 is connected to and rotatable about a fixed transverse shaft 53.
The two first output connecting rods 51 may be integrally formed with the fixed cross shaft 53, or may be fixedly connected to the fixed cross shaft 53 via the connecting member 11. The first loading device 52 comprises a first rotating flange 54 and a first loading connecting rod 55, the first loading connecting rod 55 is fixed on the first rotating flange 54 or integrally formed, and the axis of the first loading connecting rod 55 is perpendicular to the axis of the first rotating flange 54; the first rotating flange 54 is sleeved on the fixed transverse shaft 53 and can rotate around the fixed transverse shaft 53, so that the adjustment of the position and the angle between the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 is realized, and the force in different directions can be conveniently applied. Furthermore, the first rotating flange 54 and the fixed cross shaft 53 are provided with matching positioning holes (not shown in the figure), and after the rotation angle of the first loading device 52 relative to the fixed cross shaft 53 is adjusted, the first rotating flange 54 and the fixed cross shaft 53 can be fixed by sequentially passing through the matching positioning holes by a fixing member, so as to facilitate force application.
Based on the fact that the fixing assembly 40 and the leaf spring are fixed in position, the lower ends of the two first output connecting rods 51 are respectively connected with the two sides of the fixing assembly 40 in a rotating mode, and meanwhile, the first loading device 52 is connected with the fixed cross shaft 53 and can rotate around the cross shaft, so that the first output connecting rods 51 can rotate in the vertical plane relative to the leaf spring, and meanwhile, the first loading device 52 can rotate in the vertical plane relative to the first output connecting rods 51. During testing, the position of the first output connecting rod 51 and the angle between the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 can be adjusted as required to control the direction of the applied load. For example, when the first output connecting rod 51 and the first loading device 52 are both vertically arranged, it is possible to apply a force only in the thickness direction (X direction) of the test leaf spring; when the first output connecting rod 51 is vertically arranged and the first loading device 52 rotates clockwise or counterclockwise, a certain angle is formed between the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51, so that the applied load has a resolved force in the thickness direction and the length direction (X and Z directions).
In a further aspect, the second load loading system 60 is located on one side of the plate spring in the width direction, and includes a second output connecting rod 61, a second loading device 62 and a connecting frame 63, one end of the connecting frame 63 is fixedly connected to the fixing assembly 40, the other end of the connecting frame 63 is rotatably connected to the second output connecting rod 61, and the second output connecting rod 61 is fixedly connected to the second loading device 62.
In a further aspect, the connecting frame 63 includes a first rod 64 and a second rod 65 which are vertically arranged to form a T-shaped structure; the first bar 64 is a vertical bar of the T-shape and the second bar 65 is a horizontal bar of the T-shape. One end of the first rod 64 is fixedly connected with the fixing component 40, and the other end of the first rod is fixedly connected with the middle part of the second rod 65; the second output connecting rods 61 are arranged in parallel, and the two second output connecting rods 61 are respectively rotatably connected with two ends of the second rod 65 and fixedly connected with the second loading device 62.
The second loading device 62 comprises a connecting flange 67 and a second loading connecting rod 68, the second loading connecting rod 68 is fixed on the connecting flange 67 or integrally formed, and the axis of the second loading connecting rod 68 is perpendicular to the axis of the connecting flange 67. Both sides of the center of the connecting flange 67 are fixed to one ends of the two second output connecting rods 61, respectively. The second loading device 62 and the second output connecting rod 61 may be integrally formed or fixedly connected. The extended ends of the two second output connecting rods 61 are rotatably connected to both ends of a second rod 65 (a cross bar of a T-shape) of the connecting frame 63, respectively. For example, the extended ends of the two second output connecting rods 61 are provided with shaft holes into which the two ends of the second rod 65 are inserted, respectively, and the second loading device 62 and the second output connecting rods 61 can rotate around the second rod 65. In this manner, by the angle between the second loading means 62 and the second lever 65, it is possible to control the loaded force to apply only the force in the width direction, or the applied force to have the resolved forces in the vertical direction and the width direction.
Further, a second rotating flange 66 is sleeved on the first rod 64, the second rotating flange 66 can rotate around the first rod 64, and the lower end of the first output connecting rod 51 is fixedly connected with the second rotating flange 66. The second rotating flange 66 and the first rod 64 are provided with matching positioning holes (not shown), and the second rotating flange 66 and the first rod 64 are fixed by fixing members sequentially penetrating through the matching positioning holes. After the rotation angle and the position of the first output connecting rod 51 are adjusted, the position of the first output connecting rod 51 can be fixed by using the fixing member and the positioning hole.
The first load loading system 50 may load the force in the thickness direction (X direction) or the length direction (Z direction) alone or in both the X and Z directions. The second load applying system 60 may apply only the force in the width direction (Y direction) of the plate spring, or may apply the forces in the thickness direction and the width direction (Y direction and X direction) at the same time. Therefore, the first load loading system 50 or the second load loading system 60 can be controlled to apply loads independently, the first load loading system 50 and the second load loading system 60 can be controlled to apply loads cooperatively, the plate spring can be tested in a plurality of different directions, the force of the plate spring in various different working conditions of actual loading can be simulated by matching with the change frequency, and the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be evaluated more objectively.
In the present invention, the first loading device 52 and the second loading device 62 may both adopt a servo hydraulic driving device with a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor.
The temperature control system is installed in the box body 10, and can heat or cool the inside of the box body 10, for example, the inside of the box body 10 is controlled to reach a drying temperature. The temperature control system can adopt any device and control system which can realize the temperature regulation function in the prior art.
The temperature sensor 70 is installed in the case 10 and electrically connected to the temperature control system, and detects the temperature in the case 10 and transmits a signal to the temperature control system, so that the temperature control system can control the temperature to reach a set temperature. The temperature sensor 70 may be mounted at any suitable location within the tank 10, such as on the beam 20, or on an interior side wall of the tank 10.
In the present invention, the salt solution spraying apparatus 80 is installed at a suitable position within the cabinet 10, and may be provided on the cross member 20, or on the inner sidewall of the cabinet 10, for example. The salt solution spraying device 80 may be a plurality of salt solution atomizing nozzles as needed. The salt solution atomizer can spray the salt solution to the combined material leaf spring that awaits measuring and atomize, cooperates temperature control system, carries out salt fog and handles and drying process, and the concrete method includes:
salt spray treatment: under the state of no acting force, the composite plate spring in a natural state is fully sprayed with atomized salt water by a salt solution atomizing nozzle, so that the composite plate spring is uniformly wetted. The saline water is a NaCl aqueous solution with the mass content of 5%, the temperature of the saline water is 35 +/-2 ℃, and the spraying time is more than 2 hours;
and (3) drying treatment: drying the composite plate spring subjected to the salt water spraying treatment at 60 ℃ for more than 4 hours in a gas medium;
the composite leaf spring is then mounted to the leaf spring mounting bracket.
The invention also provides a testing method of the device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring, which is characterized in that the plate spring to be tested is subjected to salt spray treatment and drying treatment and then is installed on the plate spring fixing support;
by controlling the opening/closing, the direction, the magnitude and the frequency of the applied load of the first load loading system 50 and the second load loading system 60, the force in the single direction or the combined force in different directions is applied to the plate spring to be tested, and the performance of the plate spring to be tested is tested.
Further, by adjusting the direction of the first output connecting rod 51 and the angle between the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51, the forces loaded by the first load loading system 50 in the length direction and the thickness direction of the leaf spring to be tested are controlled, and the forces loaded in the width direction of the leaf spring to be tested are adjusted by the second load loading system 60, so that the performance test is performed.
In a further scheme, the test method for simulating different working conditions comprises the following steps:
the working condition of full load: controlling a salt solution spraying device 80 to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on a plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam 20, controlling the temperature in the box body 10 to be a set temperature by the temperature control system, and controlling the first loading device 52 to apply a load in the thickness direction of the leaf spring to be tested;
load condition when turning and heeling: controlling a salt solution spraying device 80 to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on a plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam 20, controlling the temperature in the box body 10 to be a set temperature by the temperature control system, and controlling the first loading device 52 to apply a load in the thickness direction of the leaf spring to be tested; meanwhile, the second loading device 62 is controlled to apply a load in the width direction of the leaf spring to be tested;
load conditions at brake deceleration/start acceleration: controlling a salt solution spraying device 80 to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on a plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first output connecting rod 51 to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam 20, and adjusting the first loading device 52 clockwise/counterclockwise to enable the angle between the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 to be 45 degrees; the temperature control system controls the temperature inside the case 10 to a set temperature and then controls the first loading device 52 to apply a load.
Specifically, the specific conditions that the device of the present invention can test include, but are not limited to, the following:
1. salt spray-resistant fatigue test under full-load working condition
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
salt spray treatment of the composite plate spring: under the state of no acting force, the composite plate spring in a natural state is fully sprayed with atomized salt water by adopting an atomizing nozzle, so that the composite plate spring is uniformly wetted. The saline water is NaCl water solution with the mass content of 5%, the temperature of the saline water is 35 +/-2 ℃, and the spraying time is more than 2 hours.
Drying treatment of the composite plate spring: and (3) drying the composite plate spring subjected to the salt water spraying treatment at 60 ℃ for more than 4 hours in a gas medium.
Installation of the composite plate spring: one end of the composite plate spring is fixed to a lug 21 of the cross member 20 in the same direction as the vehicle running direction, and the other end is fixed to a hinge mounting 22 in the opposite direction to the vehicle running direction.
When the fatigue test is carried out on the full-load working condition of the composite plate spring, only continuous and cyclic X-direction force (vertical direction, namely the thickness direction of the plate spring) is applied at the moment due to the action of the force in the vertical direction.
Referring to fig. 2, the first loading device 52(X, Z-direction servo hydraulic drive device) is adjusted to be linearly connected with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be vertically arranged, that is, the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 are both perpendicular to the cross beam 20. After the adjustment is completed, the continuous and cyclic X-direction force is applied to the leaf spring by the first loading device 52(X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive device). The test load ranges at this time were: the full load plus or minus (jump-up limit load-full load), the frequency range is 0.1-3Hz, and the testing temperature range is 20 plus or minus 15 ℃.
The method for judging the salt spray-resistant fatigue life result of the composite plate spring under the full-load working condition comprises the following steps:
the condition of the composite material plate spring is observed at any time in the fatigue test process, and if the fatigue test times exceed 3.0 multiplied by 10 in the test process5Secondly, when the tested composite plate spring assembly has no crack, delamination or fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, the tested composite plate spring assembly reaches the fatigue life, and the test can be stopped;
if the number of fatigue tests does not exceed 3.0 multiplied by 10 in the test process5And secondly, if the tested composite plate spring assembly has cracks, delamination and fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, judging that the composite plate spring assembly does not reach the fatigue life, stopping testing and recording the related test result of the composite plate spring.
The vertical rigidity test method of the composite plate spring comprises the following steps:
the maximum load is set to 2 times the full load of the automotive longitudinal composite leaf spring and a continuous, smooth X-direction force is applied to the composite leaf spring by the first loading means 52(X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive).
The specific method comprises the following steps: the first loading means 52(X, Z to servo hydraulic drive) is adjusted to be in collinear connection with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be vertically disposed, i.e., perpendicular to the cross beam 20.
The servo hydraulic driving device is used for driving the leaf spring to obtain a vertical displacement-load curve by utilizing a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the servo hydraulic driving device, a horizontal load-displacement curve is obtained by computer numerical fitting, and the slope of the curve is the rigidity value of the automobile longitudinally-arranged composite leaf spring. Every 1.0X 10 in the fatigue test process4And secondly, testing the rigidity of the primary composite plate spring, and observing and recording the change of the rigidity.
2. Salt spray-resistant fatigue test under turning working condition
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
salt spray treatment of the composite plate spring: under the state of no acting force, the composite plate spring in a natural state is fully sprayed with atomized salt water by adopting an atomizing nozzle, so that the composite plate spring is uniformly wetted. The saline water is NaCl water solution with the mass content of 5%, the temperature of the saline water is 35 +/-2 ℃, and the spraying time is more than 2 hours.
Drying treatment of the composite plate spring: and (3) drying the composite plate spring subjected to the salt water spraying treatment at 60 ℃ for more than 4 hours in a gas medium.
Installation of the composite plate spring: one end of the composite plate spring is fixed to a lug 21 of the cross member 20 in the same direction as the vehicle running direction, and the other end is fixed to a hinge mounting 22 in the opposite direction to the vehicle running direction.
When the composite plate spring is subjected to the temperature-resistant fatigue test under the turning working condition, continuous and cyclic X-direction force and Y-direction force are applied at the same time due to the action of vertical direction and lateral force.
Referring to fig. 2, the first loading device 52(X, Z-direction servo hydraulic drive device) is adjusted to be linearly connected with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be vertically arranged, that is, the first loading device 52 and the first output connecting rod 51 are both perpendicular to the cross beam 20. After the adjustment is completed, the continuous and cyclic X-direction force is applied to the leaf spring by the first loading device 52(X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive device); meanwhile, the salt spray fatigue resistance simulation test under the turning working condition of the composite plate spring can be realized by applying a Y-direction force to the plate spring through the second loading device 62 (Y-direction servo hydraulic driving device). The X-direction test load ranges at this time were: the full load is plus or minus (jump limit load-full load), the frequency is 0.1-3 Hz; the Y-direction test load range is as follows: the load is plus or minus (jump limit load-1.5 times full load) 1.5 times full load, and the frequency is 0.1-3 Hz. The test temperature range was 20. + -. 15 ℃.
The method for judging the salt spray-resistant fatigue life result of the composite plate spring under the turning working condition comprises the following steps:
the condition of the composite material plate spring is observed at any time in the fatigue test process, and if the fatigue test times exceed 3.0 multiplied by 10 in the test process5Secondly, when the tested composite plate spring assembly has no crack, delamination or fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, the tested composite plate spring assembly reaches the fatigue life, and the test can be stopped;
if the number of fatigue tests does not exceed 3.0 multiplied by 10 in the test process5And secondly, if the tested composite plate spring assembly has cracks, delamination and fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, judging that the composite plate spring assembly does not reach the fatigue life, stopping testing and recording the related test result of the composite plate spring.
The vertical rigidity test method of the composite plate spring comprises the following steps:
the maximum load is set to be 2 times of the full load of the automobile longitudinal composite plate spring, and continuous and smooth X-direction force is applied to the composite plate spring through X, Z to the servo hydraulic driving device.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the first loading means 52(X, Z to servo hydraulic drive) is adjusted to be in collinear connection with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be vertically disposed, i.e., perpendicular to the cross beam 20.
The servo hydraulic driving device is used for driving the leaf spring to obtain a vertical displacement-load curve by utilizing a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the servo hydraulic driving device, a horizontal load-displacement curve is obtained by computer numerical fitting, and the slope of the curve is the rigidity value of the automobile longitudinally-arranged composite leaf spring. Every 1.0X 10 in the fatigue test process4And secondly, testing the rigidity of the primary composite plate spring, and observing and recording the change of the rigidity.
3. Salt spray resistance fatigue test under emergency braking, starting and acceleration and deceleration working conditions
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
salt spray treatment of the composite plate spring: under the state of no acting force, the composite plate spring in a natural state is fully sprayed with atomized salt water by adopting an atomizing nozzle, so that the composite plate spring is uniformly wetted. The saline water is NaCl water solution with the mass content of 5%, the temperature of the saline water is 35 +/-2 ℃, and the spraying time is more than 2 hours.
Drying treatment of the composite plate spring: and (3) drying the composite plate spring subjected to the salt water spraying treatment at 60 ℃ for more than 4 hours in a gas medium.
Installation of the composite plate spring: one end of the composite plate spring is fixed to a lug 21 of the cross member 20 in the same direction as the vehicle running direction, and the other end is fixed to a hinge mounting 22 in the opposite direction to the vehicle running direction.
When the salt spray resistance fatigue test is carried out on the composite plate spring under the working conditions of emergency braking, starting and acceleration and deceleration, continuous and cyclic X-direction force and Z-direction force are applied at the same time due to the action of vertical direction (X-direction) and Z-direction force. The X-direction force and the Z-direction force are obtained by the first loading device 52(X, Z) by dividing the load applied to the servo hydraulic drive device. Keeping the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z direction load output connecting rod) perpendicular to the position of the plate spring, rotating the first loading device 52 clockwise and anticlockwise to obtain different loading angles, pressing the loading angles, and decomposing the loading angles into forces in the X direction and the Z direction, so that the effect that X, Z direction force acts on the plate spring at the same time is obtained. Different loading loads in the X direction and the Z direction can be obtained by changing the loading angle, and the angle change range is 0-90 degrees. The test load ranges at this time were: and the full load is +/- (jump limit load-full load), and the frequency range is 0.1-3 Hz. The test temperature range was 20. + -. 15 ℃.
The invention can simulate two S deformation working conditions of the composite plate spring, namely a salt spray fatigue test under the braking and decelerating working conditions and the starting and accelerating working conditions. The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
(1) referring to fig. 3 and 4, the braking and deceleration condition "S" deformation fatigue test: the first loading device 52 is adjusted clockwise (X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive device) to be in 45 degree connection with the first output link 51(X, Z to the load output link), and the first output link 51(X, Z to the load output link) is adjusted to be perpendicular to the Z direction, that is, to the leaf spring. After adjustment is complete, the continuous, cyclical load is applied to the leaf spring by the first loading device 52(X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive).
(2) Referring to fig. 5, the starting and accelerating condition "S" deformation fatigue test: the first loading device 52(X, Z-direction servo hydraulic drive device) is adjusted counterclockwise to be in a 45-degree connection state with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z-direction load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be perpendicular to the Z direction, namely, to be arranged vertically. After adjustment is complete, the continuous, cyclical load is applied to the leaf spring by the first loading device 52(X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive).
The method for judging the salt spray-resistant fatigue life result of the composite plate spring under the working conditions of emergency braking, starting and acceleration and deceleration comprises the following steps:
the condition of the composite material plate spring is observed at any time in the fatigue test process, and if the fatigue test frequency is in the test processMore than 3.0X 105Secondly, when the tested composite plate spring assembly has no crack, delamination or fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, the tested composite plate spring assembly reaches the fatigue life, and the test can be stopped;
if the number of fatigue tests does not exceed 3.0 multiplied by 10 in the test process5And secondly, if the tested composite plate spring assembly has cracks, delamination and fracture or the vertical rigidity of the plate spring is reduced by more than 8%, judging that the composite plate spring assembly does not reach the fatigue life, stopping testing and recording the related test result of the composite plate spring.
The vertical rigidity test method of the composite plate spring comprises the following steps:
the maximum load is set to be 2 times of the full load of the automobile longitudinal composite plate spring, and continuous and smooth X-direction force is applied to the composite plate spring through X, Z to the servo hydraulic driving device.
The specific method comprises the following steps: the first loading means 52(X, Z to servo hydraulic drive) is adjusted to be in collinear connection with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be vertically disposed, i.e., perpendicular to the cross beam 20.
The servo hydraulic driving device is used for driving the leaf spring to obtain a vertical displacement-load curve by utilizing a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor which are arranged on the servo hydraulic driving device, a horizontal load-displacement curve is obtained by computer numerical fitting, and the slope of the curve is the rigidity value of the automobile longitudinally-arranged composite leaf spring. Every 1.0X 10 in the fatigue test process4And secondly, testing the rigidity of the primary composite plate spring, and observing and recording the change of the rigidity.
4. Salt spray resistance fatigue test under combined working conditions
In addition, the fatigue testing device for the automobile longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring can also carry out sectional design on a fatigue testing period, so that the fatigue testing period comprises the combination of any two or three of full load, side inclination and S deformation fatigue tests, the testing process is closer to the condition of the composite plate spring in the actual road condition, and the reliability of the fatigue life testing result of the composite plate spring can be greatly improved.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps: the following is an example of a special three-way force simultaneous loading test condition.
Salt spray treatment of the composite plate spring: under the state of no acting force, the composite plate spring in a natural state is fully sprayed with atomized salt water by adopting an atomizing nozzle, so that the composite plate spring is uniformly wetted. The saline water is NaCl water solution with the mass content of 5%, the temperature of the saline water is 35 +/-2 ℃, and the spraying time is more than 2 hours.
Drying treatment of the composite plate spring: and (3) drying the composite plate spring subjected to the salt water spraying treatment at 60 ℃ for more than 4 hours in a gas medium.
Installation of the composite plate spring: one end of the composite plate spring is fixed to a lug 21 of the cross member 20 in the same direction as the vehicle running direction, and the other end is fixed to a hinge mounting 22 in the opposite direction to the vehicle running direction.
The rough road deceleration turning working condition is as follows: the first loading device 52 is adjusted clockwise (X, Z to the servo hydraulic drive device) to be in 45-degree connection with the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to the load output connecting rod), and the first output connecting rod 51(X, Z to the load output connecting rod) is adjusted to be perpendicular to the Z direction, namely, to be arranged vertically. After the adjustment is completed, the temperature control system controls the temperature in the casing 10 to a set temperature, and applies a continuous and cyclic load to the plate spring through the first loading device 52(X, Z) to the servo hydraulic drive device. Load range: and the full load is +/- (jump limit load-full load), and the frequency range is 0.1-3 Hz. At the same time, a Y-direction force is applied to the leaf spring by the second loading device 62 (Y-direction servo hydraulic drive device). The load range is plus or minus (jump limit load-1.5 times full load) of 1.5 times full load, and the frequency range is 0.1-3 Hz. The test temperature range was 20. + -. 15 ℃.
In conclusion, the salt spray fatigue resistance testing device for the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring can perform a collaborative loading test in the X, Y, Z three-dimensional direction; the independent loading or the combination loading of accessible equidirectional power, to the combined material leaf spring applys cyclic load, and the cooperation salt solution spraying is handled and can be simulated the leaf spring and at the power of each direction that actual loading operating mode salt fog environment received, and the fatigue life of evaluation combined material leaf spring that can be more objective.
The invention is different from the mode that the two ends of the plate spring are fixed on two sliding trolleys in the traditional plate spring fatigue life test process, the installation of the composite plate spring completely simulates the actual loading condition of the plate spring, and one end of the composite plate spring is connected by a hinge, so that the fatigue life of the composite plate spring can be reflected more objectively.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a indulge and put combined material leaf spring salt spray fatigue resistance capability test device which characterized in that includes:
the box body is arranged in a closed manner and is provided with a transparent visual window;
the plate spring fixing support is fixedly arranged in the box body, one end of a plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the plate spring fixing support, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the plate spring fixing support;
the fixing component is fixedly connected to the middle part of the plate spring to be tested;
the temperature control system and the temperature sensor are arranged in the box body, and the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the temperature control system;
the salt solution spraying device is arranged in the box body and sprays atomized salt solution;
the first load loading system is connected with the fixed component and can rotate relative to the fixed component, and loads are applied in the thickness direction and/or the length direction of the plate spring to be tested;
and the second load loading system is connected with the fixed assembly and applies load at least in the width direction of the leaf spring to be tested.
2. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to claim 1, wherein the plate spring fixing support comprises a cross beam, and at least one end of the cross beam is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the box body; the length direction of the plate spring to be tested is consistent with that of the cross beam, one end of the plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is movably connected with the cross beam;
preferably, the plate spring to be tested is positioned below the cross beam, one end of the plate spring to be tested is fixedly connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the plate spring to be tested is hinged with the cross beam.
3. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to claim 2, wherein the cross beam is provided with a fixed mounting part and a movable mounting part, the fixed mounting part comprises a hanging lug arranged on the lower side of one end of the cross beam and is fixedly connected with a rolling lug at one end of the plate spring; the movable mounting part comprises a hinge mounting frame, one end of the hinge mounting frame is connected with the cross beam, and the other end of the hinge mounting frame is hinged with a rolling lug at one end of the plate spring;
preferably, a plurality of fixing holes are formed in the cross beam along the length direction, and one end of the hinge mounting frame is connected with the cross beam through the fixing holes.
4. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first load loading system comprises a first output connecting rod and a first loading device, one end of the first output connecting rod is rotatably connected with the fixed component, and the other end of the first output connecting rod is rotatably connected with the first loading device.
5. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to claim 4, which comprises two first output connecting rods arranged in parallel, wherein the lower ends of the two first output connecting rods are respectively and rotatably connected with two sides of the fixing component, and a fixing transverse shaft is arranged between the upper ends of the two first output connecting rods; the first loading device is connected with the fixed transverse shaft and can rotate around the fixed transverse shaft.
6. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the second load loading system is positioned on one side of the plate spring in the width direction and comprises a second output connecting rod, a second loading device and a connecting frame, one end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected with the fixing component, the other end of the connecting frame is rotatably connected with the second output connecting rod, and the second output connecting rod is fixedly connected with the second loading device.
7. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to claim 6, wherein the connecting frame comprises a first rod and a second rod which are perpendicular to each other, one end of the first rod is fixedly connected with the fixing component, and the other end of the first rod is fixedly connected with the middle part of the second rod; the second output connecting rods comprise two second output connecting rods which are arranged in parallel, and the two second output connecting rods are respectively and rotatably connected with the two ends of the second rod and are fixedly connected with the second loading device.
8. The device for testing the salt spray fatigue resistance of the longitudinally-arranged composite plate spring according to claim 7, wherein a rotating flange is sleeved on the first rod and can rotate around the first rod, and the lower end of the first output connecting rod is fixedly connected with the rotating flange;
preferably, the rotating flange and the first rod are provided with matched positioning holes, and the rotating flange and the first rod are fixed by sequentially penetrating through the matched positioning holes through the fixing piece.
9. The testing method of the salt spray fatigue resistance testing device of the longitudinally arranged composite plate spring according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the plate spring to be tested is subjected to salt spray treatment and drying treatment, and then is mounted on a plate spring fixing bracket;
loading force in a single direction or combined force in different directions on the plate spring to be tested by controlling the opening/closing, the direction, the magnitude and the frequency of the applied load of the first load loading system and the second load loading system, and carrying out performance test on the plate spring to be tested;
preferably, the direction of the first output connecting rod and the angle between the first loading device and the first output connecting rod are adjusted to control the force loaded by the first load loading system in the length direction and the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested, and the force loaded in the width direction of the plate spring to be tested is adjusted by the second load loading system to perform performance testing.
10. The test method of claim 9, wherein the test method for simulating a condition comprises:
the working condition of full load: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, and controlling the first loading device to apply load in the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested;
load condition when turning and heeling: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, and controlling the first loading device to apply load in the thickness direction of the plate spring to be tested; meanwhile, controlling a second loading device to apply a load in the width direction of the plate spring to be tested;
load conditions at brake deceleration/start acceleration: controlling a salt solution spraying device to spray atomized salt solution to the plate spring to be tested for wetting and drying, and mounting the plate spring to be tested on the plate spring fixing support; adjusting the first output connecting rod to be vertical to the length direction of the cross beam, and adjusting the first loading device clockwise/anticlockwise to enable the angle between the first loading device and the first output connecting rod to be 45 degrees; and then controlling the first loading device to apply the load.
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