CN112056146A - Environment-friendly posterior-emergence white snowflake culture material formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly posterior-emergence white snowflake culture material formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and provides a culture material formula and a preparation method for rare over-coming white mashed snow, wherein the formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: waxberry branch wood dust, corn straw, ginkgo shell, millet shell, bamboo scrap, sesame cake, cow dung, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomycetes, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus laterosporus, filamentous bacteria, calcium carbonate and gypsum. The raw materials are weighed, added and stirred in a certain sequence, stacked and fermented for one month and used as a white mashed snow compost later. The later-growing white snowflake mushroom compost has the capabilities of fertilizer retention, water retention and disease and insect resistance, and can also improve the yield and medicinal efficacy of mushrooms and ensure the quality and safety of grown mushrooms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and relates to an environment-friendly edible fungus culture material formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The later leuconostoc (academic name: Basidiomycetes-X; also named as leuconostoc after another name) has an alkali arrangement different from that of the mushrooms found in the past and cannot be classified into one type, and the mushrooms as new species have been recognized by 11 countries in the world. In the research of genetic level, the same as Lentinus edodes and Maitake Mushroom have Basidiomycetes characteristics. However, since it cannot form a basidiophore, spores are not generated. Therefore, it is impossible to form the mushroom shapes such as shiitake mushroom and needle mushroom. Grow in various forms in accordance with the cultivation environment.
With the progress of research, scientists of multiple research institutions such as the medical university of saint marylana, japan, found that they had an immunologically active effect. In recent years, many scientists have studied for oxidation resistance, allergy resistance, pollinosis resistance and aging resistance, and the edible fungus strain is found to have abundant anti-cancer elements and anti-aging substances and higher medicinal value. As a special edible and medicinal fungus, researchers at home and abroad discover that the fungus mushroom-Yuesbai mushroom has the following special effects: A. the immune regulation function is realized, and the immune regulation function has obvious increment effect and phagocytosis activity increasing effect on CD3+/HLA-DA antibodies (resting stage T cells/activated T cells/B cells) of patients with advanced cancer; B. has effects in improving and inhibiting daily life syndrome (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, liver disease, diabetes, nephropathy, obesity, etc.); C. has strong oxidation resistance; D. has strong effects of enhancing immunity and inhibiting cancer cells. Because the required growth conditions are extremely special and wild resources are extremely rare, artificial cultivation becomes the only way to meet the requirements. At present, the industrial substitute cultivation of the over-coming white snowflakes in China is still in a discussion stage, the bottleneck of the artificial cultivation technology is not completely broken through, the over-coming white snowflakes can be used for substitute cultivation by using culture materials synthesized by crop wastes in a certain ratio as wood rot fungi, the proportioning ratio of the culture materials is still in a research stage, and the feasibility of taking wide south-north characteristic crop wastes as the proportioning materials is still in an experimental stage. The invention scientifically matches the growth nutrients required by the over-coming white snowflakes, and discovers the culture material suitable for the over-coming white snowflakes to grow through a biological fermentation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The mature cultivation compost for the over-coming white snowflakes is still in the research stage due to the reasons that the growth conditions required by the over-coming white snowflakes are extremely special, the wild resources are extremely rare and the like. The key bottleneck technology of the invention is as follows: I. the culture material of the invention comprises the raw materials according to the formula; II, the weight ratio of the raw materials of the culture material formula is; III, a preparation method of the culture material formula. The invention provides a later-growing medium for white snowflake, which takes crops as main materials as raw materials, is low in cost and easy to obtain, takes organic fertilizer as auxiliary material, and is fermented by specially cultured beneficial bacteria, so that the later-growing medium is safe and high in yield, and can ensure that the later-growing cost of the white snowflake is reduced and the quality and the safety of the grown mushrooms are ensured. The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof are as follows according to the formula and the proportion by weight: 900 parts of waxberry branch wood dust, 700 parts of corn straw, 500 parts of ginkgo shell, 400 parts of millet shell, 500 parts of bamboo dust, 300 parts of sesame cake, 500 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20-30 parts of yeast, 12-22 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15-30 parts of bacillus megatherium, 10-16 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 9-16 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 11-18 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 12-18 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 20-30 parts of filamentous bacteria, 50-80 parts of common calcium and 20-50 parts of gypsum.
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following preparation steps:
s01, drying the waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos in the sun, and crushing the dried waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos by a crusher for later use;
s02, fermentation: the material is piled, soaked in water and wetted, and then a layer of cow dung is paved, so that 10 layers of grass and manure are paved, half of auxiliary materials are scattered in 3-9 layers, and the material is piled, watered once and covered by corn stalks.
S03, turning over the culture material pile: the culture material is stirred evenly, mixed loose, turned to the middle at the periphery, and turned to the periphery at the lower middle part, so that the temperature of the culture material pile is kept at 45-55 ℃ to facilitate the normal movement of microorganisms. After the culture materials are piled up, the temperature begins to rise the next day, and can reach more than 65 ℃ after three days, and then the fan is used for radiating heat;
the first turning of the culture material pile is carried out on the 7 th day, when the culture material pile is turned, the humidity is checked firstly, and the rest auxiliary materials are uniformly scattered into 6-10 layers of materials;
turning over the culture material pile for the second time on day 14, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.5;
s04, after fermenting for one month, bagging, wherein an automatic bagging machine is adopted for bagging, a plastic lantern ring is adopted for sealing, and each bag is filled with 5kg of culture materials for later use.
The beneficial results of the invention are as follows:
I. preparing high-nutrition-activity Yuetu white mashed-snow compost through reasonable formula and compost fermentation;
table 1 results of temperature change in fermentation process of the medium of white cedar wood after the lapse of time (N = 6).
The temperature change rule of the fermentation process of the minced leucoderma culture material is that the temperature reaches the peak in 2-3 days, and roundworm eggs can be killed. The temperature is gradually reduced after 3 days, the temperature change is strictly monitored after 2-3 days, and the temperature is controlled below 65 ℃ in order to prevent the beneficial bacteria from being killed.
II. The white snowflake culture material is completely compounded with the national standard through detection;
TABLE 2 indexes of harmless detection of composite microorganism products of white XUERONG compost
The death rate of ascarid eggs, fecal coliform bacteria, metallic lead, arsenic and mercury are all within the range of national control standards. The determination of the death rate of roundworm eggs in the fertilizer is specified in the determination of the death rate of roundworm eggs in the fertilizer (GB/T19524.2-2004). The determination of ascarid egg death rate in fertilizer (GB/T19524.2-2004) was proposed by Ministry of agriculture and plant administration in the people's republic of China. And performing standard compound microbial fertilizer (NY/T798-2015)
III, the culture material is applied to culturing the over-coming white minced mushroom, the harvest per square meter can be 7.2 kilograms, and compared with the common mushroom culture material, the over-coming white minced mushroom is harvested into 2.5 kilograms, the difference is highly significant (figure III).
The attached drawings are as follows:
FIG. 1 shows the temperature change of the fermentation process of the white snowflake culture material;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the cultivation of the compost of the present invention and a common mushroom compost;
FIG. 3 is a statistical graph showing the cultivation growth weight of the compost of the present invention and that of common mushroom compost;
in the figure, A is the later-growing white snowflake cultured by using the culture material of common mushrooms, and B is the later-growing white snowflake cultured by using the culture material of the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
example one
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following formula ingredients in parts by weight: 600 parts of waxberry branch sawdust, 300 parts of corn stalks, 200 parts of ginkgo shells, 100 parts of millet shells, 200 parts of bamboo scraps, 100 parts of sesame cakes, 500 parts of cow dung, 10 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20 parts of saccharomycetes, 12 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of bacillus megaterium, 10 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 9 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 11 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 12 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 20 parts of filamentous bacteria, 50 parts of calcium superphosphate and 20 parts of gypsum.
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following preparation steps:
s01, drying the waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos in the sun, and crushing the dried waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos by a crusher for 10mm for later use;
s02, fermentation: the material is piled, soaked in water and wetted, and then a layer of cow dung is paved, so that 10 layers of grass and manure are paved, half of auxiliary materials are scattered in 3-9 layers, and the material is piled, watered once and covered by corn stalks.
S03, turning over the culture material pile: the culture material is stirred evenly, mixed loose, turned to the middle at the periphery, and turned to the periphery at the lower middle, so that the temperature of the culture material pile is kept at 45 ℃ to facilitate the normal movement of microorganisms. After the culture materials are piled up, the temperature begins to rise the next day, and can reach more than 65 ℃ after three days, and then the fan is used for radiating heat;
the first turning of the culture material pile is carried out on the 7 th day, the humidity is checked firstly when the culture material pile is turned, and the rest auxiliary materials are uniformly scattered into 6-10 layers of materials when the culture material pile is turned;
turning the culture material pile for the second time on day 14, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5;
s04, after fermenting for one month, bagging, wherein an automatic bagging machine is adopted for bagging, a plastic lantern ring is adopted for sealing, and each bag is filled with 5kg of culture materials for later use.
Example two
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following formula ingredients in parts by weight: 900 parts of waxberry branch sawdust, 700 parts of corn stalks, 500 parts of ginkgo shells, 400 parts of millet shells, 500 parts of bamboo scraps, 300 parts of sesame cakes, 800 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 30 parts of saccharomycetes, 22 parts of bacillus subtilis, 30 parts of bacillus megaterium, 16 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 16 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 18 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 18 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 30 parts of filamentous bacteria, 80 parts of calcium superphosphate and 50 parts of gypsum.
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following preparation steps:
s01, drying the waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos in the sun, and crushing the dried waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos by a crusher for later use;
s02, fermentation: the material is piled, soaked in water and wetted, and then a layer of cow dung is paved, so that 10 layers of grass and manure are paved, half of auxiliary materials are scattered in 3-9 layers, and the material is piled, watered once and covered by corn stalks.
S03, turning over the culture material pile: the culture material is stirred evenly, mixed loose, turned to the middle, and turned to the periphery from the middle to the periphery, so that the temperature of the pile is kept at 55 ℃ to facilitate the normal movement of microorganisms. After the culture materials are piled up, the temperature begins to rise the next day, and can reach more than 65 ℃ after three days, and then the fan is used for heat dissipation.
The first turning of the culture material pile is carried out on the 7 th day, the humidity is checked firstly when the culture material pile is turned, and the rest auxiliary materials are uniformly scattered into 6-10 layers of materials when the culture material pile is turned;
the second turn of the compost pile was carried out on day 14 and the pH was adjusted to between 8.5.
S04, after fermenting for one month, bagging, wherein an automatic bagging machine is adopted for bagging, a plastic lantern ring is adopted for sealing, and each bag is filled with 5kg of culture materials for later use.
Example three
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following formula ingredients in parts by weight: 700 parts of waxberry branch sawdust, 600 parts of corn straw, 400 parts of ginkgo shell, 300 parts of millet shell, 300 parts of bamboo chip, 200 parts of sesame cake, 600 parts of cow dung, 15 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 25 parts of saccharomycetes, 20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of bacillus megaterium, 12 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 13 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 14 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 16 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 25 parts of filamentous bacteria, 60 parts of calcium superphosphate and 30 parts of gypsum.
The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof comprise the following preparation steps:
s01, drying the waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos in the sun, and crushing the dried waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos by a crusher for later use;
s02, fermentation: the material is piled, soaked in water and wetted, and then a layer of cow dung is paved, so that 10 layers of grass and manure are paved, half of auxiliary materials are scattered in 3-9 layers, and the material is piled, watered once and covered by corn stalks.
S03, turning over the culture material pile: the culture material is stirred evenly, mixed loose, turned to the middle at the periphery, and turned to the periphery at the lower middle, so that the temperature of the pile is kept at 50 ℃ to facilitate the normal movement of microorganisms. After the culture materials are piled up, the temperature begins to rise the next day, and can reach more than 65 ℃ after three days, and then the fan is used for radiating heat;
the first turning of the culture material pile is carried out on the 7 th day, the humidity is checked firstly when the culture material pile is turned, and the rest auxiliary materials are uniformly scattered into 6-10 layers of materials when the culture material pile is turned;
turning the culture material pile for the second time at day 14, and adjusting the pH value to 8.0;
s04, after fermenting for one month, bagging, wherein an automatic bagging machine is adopted for bagging, a plastic lantern ring is adopted for sealing, and each bag is filled with 5kg of culture materials for later use.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle and mechanism of the invention are considered to be within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The formula of the environment-friendly later-emergence white snowflake culture material for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method thereof are as follows according to the weight ratio: 900 parts of waxberry branch wood dust, 700 parts of corn straw, 500 parts of ginkgo shell, 400 parts of millet shell, 500 parts of bamboo dust, 300 parts of sesame cake, 500 parts of cow dung, 10-20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 20-30 parts of yeast, 12-22 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15-30 parts of bacillus megatherium, 10-16 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 9-16 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 11-18 parts of bacillus thuringiensis, 12-18 parts of bacillus laterosporus, 20-30 parts of filamentous bacteria, 50-80 parts of common calcium and 20-50 parts of gypsum.
2. The environment-friendly later-maturing snowflake compost formula for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests and the preparation method of the environment-friendly later maturing snowflake compost formula are characterized by comprising the following preparation steps of:
s01, drying the waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos in the sun, and crushing the dried waxberry branches, the corn stalks, the ginkgo shells and the bamboos by a crusher for later use;
s02, fermentation: the material is piled, soaked and wetted by water, and then a layer of cow dung is paved, so that 10 layers of grass and manure are paved, half of auxiliary materials are scattered into 3-9 layers, and the material is piled, watered once and covered by corn stalks;
s03, turning over the culture material pile: stirring the culture materials uniformly, stirring the culture materials loosely, turning the periphery to the middle, turning the middle below to the periphery, controlling the temperature of the culture material pile to be 45-55 ℃ so as to facilitate the normal activity of microorganisms, starting to rise the temperature in the next day after the culture material pile is finished, and reaching more than 65 ℃ after three days, and then carrying out fan heat dissipation;
the first turning of the culture material pile is carried out on the 7 th day, the humidity is checked firstly when the culture material pile is turned, and the residual auxiliary materials are uniformly scattered into 6-10 layers of materials when the culture material pile is turned;
turning over the culture material pile for the second time on day 14, and adjusting the pH value to 7.5-8.5;
s04, after fermenting for one month, bagging, wherein an automatic bagging machine is adopted for bagging, a plastic lantern ring is adopted for sealing, and each bag is filled with 5kg of culture materials for later use.
3. The environment-friendly later-maturing chenopodium album compost formula for controlling pests and diseases and the preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that the pulverizer described in the step S01 pulverizes and sieves the smashed material, and the diameter of the sieved material is 10-12 mm.
4. The environment-friendly later-period white snowflake compost formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method of the environment-friendly later-period white snowflake compost formula as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S02 is characterized in that a channel of 40-60CM is reserved between the cultivation material piles with the length of 1.2-2.2 m, the height of 1m-1.2m and the length of the cultivation material piles being unlimited, and a fan is used for heat dissipation.
5. The environment-friendly later-maturing snow antler compost formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and the preparation method of the environment-friendly later maturing snow antler compost formula for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, according to the claim 2, wherein the composting temperature of the step S03 is kept at 45-55 ℃ so as to facilitate normal activities of.
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Application publication date: 20201211 |