CN112043641A

CN112043641A - Facial mask and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112043641A
Application number: CN202011020681.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王律徉
Original assignee: Guangzhou Meiwu Biotechnology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangzhou Meiwu Biotechnology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2020-09-24
Publication date: 2020-12-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a facial mask and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of daily cosmetics. The mask comprises a botanical composition; the botanical composition comprises gloiopeltis cornuta extract, caprine bean extract, apple extract, whole plant extract of milfoil, papaya extract, whole flower extract of snow lotus herb and whole plant extract of sanguinaria officinalis. The 7 plant extracts are compounded to have a synergistic effect, so that the moisture retention, whitening effect and oxidation resistance of the mask can be obviously improved, and the preparation method is simple and is suitable for industrial production.

Description

Facial mask and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of daily cosmetics, and particularly relates to a facial mask and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The facial mask has effects of moisturizing, whitening skin, resisting aging, and balancing oil and fat. Driven by market demands, the market scale of facial masks increases year by year, wherein the facial masks of middle-end people account for larger market shares, and the demands of high-end facial masks are continuously increased. Consumers can demand more diversified masks in the future, and the traditional moisturizing effect can focus on the functionality of the masks, such as after-sun repair, skin antioxidation and the like.

In order to efficiently and quickly achieve the functionality demanded by consumers, some mask products sold or on the market are excessively added with various harmful additives, and skin allergy and immunity reduction are caused after long-term use.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a mask which is safe, non-irritant, and capable of keeping moisture, resisting aging and whitening skin effectively and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a facial mask comprises Gloiopeltis Furcata extract, Cajanus capricolumnus extract, Malus pumila extract, Achillea millefolium extract, Chaenomeles speciosa extract, saussurea involucrata extract, and Sanguinaria canadensis extract.

The Gloiopeltis Furcata extract also contains high content of phycocolloid, which is composed of fucose, mannose and galactose, and has effects of promoting hyaluronic acid generation and keeping moisture; the polysaccharide component can eliminate free radicals and inhibit fat peroxidation, and has antiaging effect.

The goat bean extract contains fatty acids such as palmitic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, various amino acids, beta-sitosterol, sophoranol and soybean sapogenin; can inhibit activity of B-16 melanocyte, and has certain whitening effect.

The fructus Mali Pumilae extract contains sucrose, reducing sugar, organic acid, procyanidin, and flavone compounds; has effects in scavenging free radicals and resisting oxidation; has good activating effect on luciferase and anti-inflammation; promoting generation of aquaporin and having moisturizing effect; in addition, the product also has effects of removing wrinkle and activating skin.

The extract of Achillea millefolium herb mainly contains azulene, flavonoid glycoside compounds, yarrow, glufosinate, levoglucosylline, etc.; has strong antibacterial property, and can be used for preventing and treating acne by combining with its antiinflammatory effect; has effects in inhibiting elastase, promoting proliferation of epidermal keratinocyte, restoring elasticity of skin fiber tissue, balancing and promoting metabolism of skin cells; in addition, the whitening cream can inhibit activity of melanocytes and tyrosinase, and has whitening effect; can also eliminate superoxide radical, and has antioxidant effect.

The fructus Chaenomelis extract mainly contains triterpenes such as oleanolic acid, acetyl ursolic acid, organic fruit acid, and various essential amino acids; can inhibit melanocyte, and has skin whitening effect; in addition, it has skin activating, antiallergic, and antiinflammatory effects.

The extract of herba Saussureae Involueratae contains flavone and flavonoid glycoside compounds, including apigenin, kaempferide, acacetin, luteolin, quercetin, rutin, etc.; can promote the generation of collagen and elastin, and has excellent anti-aging effect; in addition, the product can inhibit tyrosinase activity and has skin whitening effect.

The extract of herba Sanguinaria Filiformis contains isoquinoline alkaloid, anthocyanidin, procyanidin, etc.; can inhibit Propionibacterium acnes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and fluorene bulgaricus, has good antibacterial property, and can be used for preventing and treating acne.

The applicant of the invention finds that the plant extracts have the effects of synergistically whitening and moisturizing the skin through experimental research.

Preferably, the plant composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of gloiopeltis from antler, 15-25 parts of goat bean extract, 10-20 parts of apple extract, 5-15 parts of yarrow herb extract, 10-20 parts of pawpaw extract, 5-15 parts of snow lotus herb extract and 1-8 parts of sanguinaria root herb extract.

Preferably, the plant composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 18 parts of gloiopeltis tenax extract, 15 parts of goat bean extract, 20 parts of apple extract, 12 parts of achillea whole plant extract, 18 parts of papaya extract, 12 parts of snow lotus whole plant extract and 5 parts of sanguinaria whole plant extract.

Preferably, the mask further comprises at least one of a moisturizing agent, a thickening agent, an antioxidant, an emulsifier, a solubilizer, a neutralizing agent, a sunscreen agent, a bactericide, a preservative, a fragrance, an emollient, a coloring agent.

Preferably, the moisturizer comprises glycerin and squalane, the thickener comprises carbomer, the emollient comprises mineral oil, isopropyl myristate and olive oil, the emulsifier comprises glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate and glyceryl stearate, the solubilizer comprises PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, the neutralizer comprises triethanolamine, the colorant comprises titanium dioxide, and the antimicrobial comprises salicylic acid.

Preferably, the facial mask comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 2-10% of glycerol, 0.1-0.5% of carbomer, 2-8% of squalane, 1-10% of mineral oil, 1-10% of isopropyl myristate, 1-10% of olive oil, 1-5% of glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, 1-5% of glyceryl stearate, 0.1-1% of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.1-0.5% of triethanolamine, 0.5-2% of titanium dioxide, 0.1-0.5% of preservative, 0.1-0.5% of essence, 0.1-10% of plant composition and 0.1-2% of salicylic acid.

Preferably, the preparation method of the gloiopeltis tenax extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the gloiopeltis from the antler to powder, then refluxing and leaching the powder for 15-45min for 4-6 times by using boiling water to obtain a leaching solution, concentrating the leaching solution at normal pressure, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain the gloiopeltis from the antler.

Preferably, the preparation method of the achillea millefolium herb extract, the papaya extract, the snow lotus herb extract and the goat bean extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the raw materials into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 4-6 times by using alcohol with the volume fraction of 50% of ethanol, each time for 15-45min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to respectively obtain a milfoil herb extract, a papaya extract, a snow lotus herb extract and a goat bean extract.

Preferably, the preparation method of the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 4-6 times by using alcohol with the volume fraction of 90% of ethanol, each time for 15-45min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract.

Preferably, the preparation method of the apple extract comprises the following steps: screening and crushing apple fruits, filtering to obtain juice, concentrating to obtain concentrated solution, refluxing and leaching the concentrated solution with 50% ethanol by volume for 4-6 times, each time for 15-45min to obtain leaching liquor, concentrating the leaching liquor at normal pressure, and drying the concentrated solution to obtain the apple extract.

Meanwhile, the invention discloses a preparation method of the mask, which comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly mixing glycerol, carbomer and water to obtain a mixed solution A;

(2) evenly mixing squalane, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, olive oil, glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, glyceryl stearate and PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil to obtain a mixed solution B;

(3) adding the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A, and stirring to obtain a mixed solution C;

(4) adding triethanolamine into the mixed solution C for neutralization to obtain a mixed solution D;

(5) cooling the mixed solution D to 40-50 ℃, and then dispersing titanium dioxide, a preservative and essence into the mixed solution D to obtain a mixed solution E;

(6) and adding the plant composition and the salicylic acid into the mixed solution E, stirring, uniformly mixing, and cooling to obtain the mask.

Preferably, in the step (1) and the step (2), the temperature required for mixing is 65-80 ℃; in the step (3), the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the formula of the plant composition is researched, so that the mask with the functions of whitening, moisturizing and resisting oxidation is prepared, and is safe and non-irritant to skin.

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. (unless otherwise specified, the amounts used in the examples of the present invention and comparative examples are in parts by weight and the total weight of each example and comparative example is the same.)

Example 1

According to one embodiment of the mask, the formula of the mask is as follows:

the facial mask is prepared from 5 parts of glycerol, 0.3 part of carbomer, 5 parts of squalane, 5 parts of mineral oil, 5 parts of isopropyl myristate, 5 parts of olive oil, 3 parts of glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, 3 parts of glyceryl stearate, 0.5 part of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.3 part of triethanolamine, 1 part of titanium dioxide, 0.3 part of preservative, 0.3 part of essence, 5 parts of a plant composition, 1 part of salicylic acid and 60.3 parts of water; wherein the formulation of the botanical composition is shown in table 1.

The preparation method of the mask comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a plant extract: the preparation method of the gloiopeltis from antler comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding Gloiopeltis Furcata into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 5 times by using boiling water, wherein each time is 30min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain an Gloiopeltis Furcata extract;

the preparation method of the yarrow herb extract, the pawpaw extract, the snow lotus herb extract and the goat bean extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the raw materials into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 5 times and 30min each time by using alcohol with the volume fraction of 50% to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to respectively obtain a yarrow herb extract, a papaya extract, a snow lotus herb extract and a goat bean extract;

the preparation method of the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 5 times with ethanol with the volume fraction of 90% for 30min each time to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract;

the preparation method of the apple extract comprises the following steps: screening and crushing apple fruits, filtering to obtain juice, concentrating to obtain concentrated solution, extracting the concentrated solution with 50% ethanol by volume for 5 times (30 min each time) to obtain extract, concentrating the extract under normal pressure, and oven drying the concentrated solution to obtain the apple extract.

(2) Uniformly mixing glycerol, carbomer and water at 70 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution A;

(3) uniformly mixing squalane, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, olive oil, glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, glyceryl stearate and PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil at 70 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution B;

(4) adding the mixed solution B into the mixed solution A, and stirring at the rotating speed of 500rpm to obtain a mixed solution C;

(5) adding triethanolamine into the mixed solution C for neutralization to obtain a mixed solution D;

(6) cooling the mixed solution D to 45 ℃, and then dispersing titanium dioxide, a preservative and essence into the mixed solution D to obtain a mixed solution E;

(7) and adding the plant composition and the salicylic acid into the mixed solution E, stirring, uniformly mixing, and cooling to obtain the mask.

Example 2

In an embodiment of the facial mask according to the present invention, the formulation of the facial mask according to this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1 except that the formulation of each plant extract in the plant composition is different, and the specific formulation is shown in table 1.

The preparation method of the mask of the present invention is the same as that of example 1.

Example 3

In an embodiment of the mask of the present invention, the formulation of the mask is the same as that of embodiment 1 except that the formulation of each plant extract in the plant composition is different, and the specific formulation is shown in table 1.

Example 4

According to one embodiment of the mask, the formula of the mask is as follows:

the mask is prepared from 2 parts of glycerol, 0.5 part of carbomer, 2 parts of squalane, 10 parts of mineral oil, 1 part of isopropyl myristate, 1 part of olive oil, 5 parts of glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, 5 parts of glyceryl stearate, 0.1 part of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.1 part of triethanolamine, 0.5 part of titanium dioxide, 0.5 part of preservative, 0.1 part of essence, 0.1 part of plant composition, 0.1 part of salicylic acid and 72 parts of water; wherein the formulation of the botanical composition is shown in table 1.

The preparation method of the mask described in this example was the same as in example 1.

Example 5

According to one embodiment of the mask, the formula of the mask is as follows:

the mask is prepared from 10 parts of glycerol, 0.1 part of carbomer, 8 parts of squalane, 1 part of mineral oil, 10 parts of isopropyl myristate, 10 parts of olive oil, 1 part of glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, 1 part of glyceryl stearate, 1 part of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.5 part of triethanolamine, 2 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.1 part of preservative, 0.5 part of essence, 10 parts of plant composition, 2 parts of salicylic acid and 42.8 parts of water; wherein the formulation of the botanical composition is shown in table 1.

Comparative examples 1 to 7

Comparative examples 1 to 7 are all facial masks, and the content of other components is the same as that in example 1 except that the formulation of the plant composition is different from that in example 1. The formulation of the plant composition is shown in table 1.

The preparation method of the mask of comparative examples 1 to 7 is substantially the same as that of example 1.

TABLE 1 formulation of the botanical compositions

Performance testing

1) Safety test

Human skin patch tests were performed on examples 1 to 5 with reference to "cosmetic hygiene standards". 150 healthy, allergy-free volunteers 18-60 years old were selected as subjects, which were divided into 5 groups of 30 persons each, and no other skin care products were used during the trial. Selecting a spot tester with an area of 6mm multiplied by 6mm, putting a test object into a small chamber of the spot tester, wherein the dosage is 0.025g, sticking the spot tester with the test object on the back of a subject by using a hypoallergenic adhesive tape, and lightly pressing the spot tester with a palm to uniformly stick the spot tester on the skin for 24 hours. Skin reactions were observed at 1h (after disappearance of the indentation), 24h, 36h, and 48h after removal of the test article plaque test device, respectively, according to the standards shown in table 2, and the observation results were recorded, with the safety test results shown in table 3.

TABLE 2 skin response grading Standard for skin Enclosed Patch test

TABLE 3 safety test results

As can be seen from Table 3, the mask of examples 1-5 still scored 0 after 48h of patch test, indicating that it is safe and non-irritating to the skin.

2) Moisture retention test

Referring to 'evaluation guideline for efficacy of moisturizing cosmetic'), examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-7 were tested for moisturizing, 60 volunteers between 18-30 years old were selected as the test subjects, the test subjects were divided into 12 groups of 5, each group was cleaned with clear water, air dried naturally, painted areas of 4cm x 4cm were marked on the symmetrical positions of the left and right faces, and the test samples were measured at 2mg/cm²The dosage of the test sample is coated with a latex finger cot for a single time, naturally dried, tested by a Corneometer CM825, tested once before the use of the sample, tested once 15min after the use of the sample, tested once 2h and tested once 4h after the use of the sample, each area is parallelly tested for 3 times, the average value is taken, and the test result is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 skin moisture content test results (%)

As can be seen from Table 4, the moisturizing performance of the facial mask is obviously better than that of the facial mask prepared by the comparative examples 1 to 7 in the examples 1 to 5, and the moisturizing performance of the facial mask can be synergistically improved by compounding the plant extracts disclosed by the invention.

3) Whitening efficacy test

Whitening efficacy was tested in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and the whitening efficacy was characterized by tyrosinase activity inhibition. Preparing 1.5g/L levodopa by 0.01mol/L phosphate buffer solution with pH of 6.8, adding 40 mu L levodopa into a 96-well plate, adding 80 mu L phosphate buffer solution and 40mg test substance mask, adding 40 mu L100U/mL tyrosinase, mixing uniformly, reacting in 30 ℃ water bath for 30min, measuring absorbance at 490nm, using 40 mu L phosphate buffer solution as blank control, and calculating the tyrosinase activity inhibition rate according to the following formula.

Inhibition rate ═ 1- (T)₁-T₂)/(C₁-C₂)]×100％

In the formula C₁Absorbance when no enzyme was added to the sample, C₂Absorbance without enzyme and without sample, T₁Is the absorbance, T, at the time of addition of enzyme to the sample₂Absorbance without enzyme plus sample. The test results are shown in table 5.

TABLE 5 tyrosinase activity inhibition ratio (%)

As can be seen from Table 5, the inhibition ratios of examples 1 to 5 on tyrosinase activity are greatly different from those of comparative examples 1 to 7, and the inhibition ratios of examples 1 to 5 on tyrosinase activity are generally higher, which indicates that the skin whitening cream has a better melanin production inhibition effect, i.e., a better skin whitening effect.

3) Oxidation resistance test

The masks described in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were tested for their ability to scavenge free radicals, and the antioxidant activity of these products was evaluated by comparatively measuring the DPPH oxidation inhibition effect based on the change in absorbance caused by the reduction of the free radical DPPH. The decrease in absorbance caused by the reduction of DPPH was measured by comparison with a negative control, and the concentration at which the absorbance approaches 50% of the negative control was defined as the effective antioxidant concentration. The test method comprises the following steps:

preparing a DPPH solution: weighing 20mg DPPH, and diluting to 250mL with anhydrous ethanol to obtain a solution with a concentration of 2 x 10^-4Storing the DPPH solution at mol/L in a dark place;

respectively putting 2mL of sample into a test tube with a plug, adding 2mL of prepared DPPH solution, mixing uniformly, sealing and standing in a water bath at 25 ℃ for 30min, pouring into a cuvette, and detecting the absorbance A at 517nm_iSimultaneously measuring the absorbance A of 2mL sample added with 2mL ethanol_jAnd absorbance A of 2mL of the solution of LDPPH plus 2mL of distilled water₀. The DPPH clearance was calculated in triplicate and averaged as follows.

DPPH clearance ═ 1- (A)_i-A_j)/A₀]×100％

The test results are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6DPPH clearance

As can be seen from Table 6, the DPPH clearance rates of examples 1 to 5 are all higher than those of comparative examples 1 to 7, which shows that examples 1 to 5 are easier to eliminate DPPH radicals, i.e., have stronger antioxidant capacity.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mask pack, wherein the mask pack comprises a botanical composition; the botanical composition comprises gloiopeltis cornuta extract, caprine bean extract, apple extract, whole plant extract of milfoil, papaya extract, whole flower extract of snow lotus herb and whole plant extract of sanguinaria officinalis.

2. The mask of claim 1, wherein the botanical composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of gloiopeltis from antler, 15-25 parts of goat bean extract, 10-20 parts of apple extract, 5-15 parts of yarrow herb extract, 10-20 parts of pawpaw extract, 5-15 parts of snow lotus herb extract and 1-8 parts of sanguinaria root herb extract.

3. The mask of claim 2, wherein the botanical composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 18 parts of gloiopeltis tenax extract, 15 parts of goat bean extract, 20 parts of apple extract, 12 parts of achillea whole plant extract, 18 parts of papaya extract, 12 parts of snow lotus whole plant extract and 5 parts of sanguinaria whole plant extract.

4. The mask of claim 1, wherein the mask further comprises at least one of a moisturizing agent, a thickening agent, an antioxidant, an emulsifier, a solubilizer, a neutralizing agent, an emollient, a colorant, a bactericide, a preservative, and a fragrance.

5. The mask of claim 4, wherein said moisturizer comprises glycerin and squalane, said thickener comprises carbomer, said emulsifier comprises glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate and glyceryl stearate, said solubilizer comprises PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, said neutralizer comprises triethanolamine, said emollient comprises mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, olive oil, said colorant comprises titanium dioxide, and said antiseptic comprises salicylic acid.

6. The mask pack according to claim 5, wherein the mask pack comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-10% of glycerol, 0.1-0.5% of carbomer, 2-8% of squalane, 1-10% of mineral oil, 1-10% of isopropyl myristate, 1-10% of olive oil, 1-5% of glyceryl stearate/PEG-100 stearate, 1-5% of glyceryl stearate, 0.1-1% of PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, 0.1-0.5% of triethanolamine, 0.5-2% of titanium dioxide, 0.1-0.5% of preservative, 0.1-0.5% of essence, 0.1-10% of plant composition and 0.1-2% of salicylic acid.

7. The mask of claim 1, wherein the extract of Gloiopeltis antlers is prepared by: screening, washing, drying and grinding Gloiopeltis Furcata into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 4-6 times by boiling water, each time for 15-45min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain an Gloiopeltis Furcata extract;

the preparation method of the yarrow herb extract, the pawpaw extract, the snow lotus herb extract and the goat bean extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the raw materials into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 4-6 times by using alcohol with the volume fraction of 50% of ethanol, each time for 15-45min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to respectively obtain a milfoil herb extract, a papaya extract, a snow lotus herb extract and a goat bean extract;

the preparation method of the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract comprises the following steps: screening, washing, drying and grinding the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant into powder, then carrying out reflux extraction on the powder for 4-6 times by using alcohol with the volume fraction of 90% of ethanol, each time for 15-45min to obtain an extract, then carrying out normal pressure concentration on the extract, and finally drying the concentrated solution to obtain the sanguinaria officinalis whole plant extract;

the preparation method of the apple extract comprises the following steps: screening and crushing apple fruits, filtering to obtain juice, concentrating to obtain concentrated solution, refluxing and leaching the concentrated solution with 50% ethanol by volume for 4-6 times, each time for 15-45min to obtain leaching liquor, concentrating the leaching liquor at normal pressure, and drying the concentrated solution to obtain the apple extract.

8. A method for preparing the mask pack according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:

(1) uniformly mixing glycerol, carbomer and water to obtain a mixed solution A;

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature required for mixing in the steps (1) and (2) is 65 to 80 ℃.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein in the step (3), the stirring speed is 300-600 rpm.