CN112008103B - Numerical control machining method for boring taper hole - Google Patents

Numerical control machining method for boring taper hole Download PDF

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CN112008103B
CN112008103B CN202010694453.4A CN202010694453A CN112008103B CN 112008103 B CN112008103 B CN 112008103B CN 202010694453 A CN202010694453 A CN 202010694453A CN 112008103 B CN112008103 B CN 112008103B
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boring
taper hole
hole
value
numerical control
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CN112008103A (en
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戴朝辉
高涛
张安顺
陈建波
张�浩
张译文
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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Chengdu Aircraft Industrial Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B41/00—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B23B41/06—Boring or drilling machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for boring conical holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole, which is used for boring a straight hole in place to obtain a reference eccentric value U of a boring cutter0(ii) a Calculating an initial eccentric value U1 of the boring cutter and a head-tail eccentric difference value delta U; and (6) boring a taper hole. Compared with the conventional processing mode with the characteristics, the numerical control processing method for boring the taper hole increases the final value of the calculation verification of the in-place boring, and the standard of the on-site boring tool for adjusting the eccentric value is determined by matching with the corresponding boring tool track, so that the limitation of the original method of completely processing by experience is broken, the numerical control processing of the characteristics of the parts is scientifically and normatively carried out, the processing difficulty of boring the taper hole is simplified, and the processing quality and efficiency of the parts are ensured.

Description

Numerical control machining method for boring taper hole
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of numerical control machining, and particularly relates to a numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole.
Background
In the prior art, two methods are generally used for machining taper holes. One is to select a common milling cutter or a special forming milling cutter and carry out milling processing through an elbow or a large-angle swing. However, the precision requirement of the taper hole of the part is high, the precision of the five-coordinate milling machine equipment is difficult to achieve, the machining risk of the part is high, and the efficiency is low; the structural openness of a plurality of parts of the two parts is insufficient, enough space is not reserved for the method to compile the advance compiling feed track, and the method is not wide in adaptability. In the second normal taper hole boring process, the boring cutter reference eccentric value U0 is not obtained in a reasonable and effective mode, the boring cutter reference eccentric value U0 is completely controlled by an operator, and a final actual U0 value is obtained through a small margin accumulation test once and again. The processing is greatly influenced by experience, reasonable control means and standards are not available, certain risks exist, and the efficiency is low.
With the development of aviation technology, the requirements of new-generation aviation equipment are higher and higher, the taper hole is used as a key characteristic structure assembled with a bearing and gradually becomes a common structure of part design, more taper holes appear on various beams and joint parts, and whether the taper hole can be efficiently and accurately machined greatly influences the production and assembly of the beams and the joint parts and further influences the assembly structure of a whole machine. The taper hole is positioned on a structure with a certain external cutter feeding and retracting space, such as a high lug plate of a part, the hole openings are connected by a straight hole structure, the whole structure is a through hole structure, and the diameter of the straight hole is equal to the minimum diameter D0 of the taper hole.
In the prior art, no clear processing mode exists for the taper hole, most of the taper hole is influenced by personal experience of process programmers, and the processing modes are different.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole. According to the method, the final value of the eccentricity in processing is definitely required according to the obtained reference eccentricity value of the boring cutter, and the field processing is gradually adjusted to the final value to process the size in place.
The invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: a numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole mainly comprises the following steps:
step S100: boring straight hole in place to obtain boring cutter reference eccentric value U0；
Step S200: calculating a final value U1 of the eccentric value of the boring cutter and a head-tail eccentric difference value delta U:
Figure GDA0003532609410000011
wherein, theta is the angle of the taper hole, and H is the depth of the taper hole;
step S300: and (6) boring a taper hole.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step S100, a boring tool reference eccentricity value U is calculated0Is as follows：
D0＝D1+2U0
Wherein D is0Minimum diameter of the part taper hole, D1The diameter of the boring cutter.
In order to better implement the present invention, in step S100, a target taper hole is drilled to an initial hole, and the diameter of the initial hole is D2And then machining the straight hole into place.
In order to better realize the invention, further, the eccentric distance of the boring cutter is adjusted through an eccentric disc to machine the straight hole in place, and the eccentric distance is the reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter0. Although U can be calculated by a formula0But U is0As a reference value for subsequent processing, the precision requirement generally reaches at least 0.01mm level, and the actual processing is influenced by the diameter precision of a cutter, the mounting error precision and the like, in this case, U0It will be more accurate to derive from the actual processing.
In order to better implement the invention, further, D2Is less than D0And D is0＝D2+(2～3)mm。
To better implement the present invention, further, in step S100, D1≤D0-6 mm. The cutter can still normally advance and retract under the condition that a certain margin is left in the target taper hole, and the double-lug-piece taper hole cutter is suitable for the processing requirements of typical structures such as double-lug-piece taper holes.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the D031mm, then D1Is 24 mm.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, the direction of the bored tapered hole in step S300 is from large to small.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step S300, for the aluminum alloy part, the feeding speed F of the boring hole is 20; for titanium alloy parts, the feed rate F of the bore hole is 10.
When the boring machine is used for boring straight holes, parts are clamped through a tool and fixed on a boring machine workbench, and the straight holes of the hole openings of the taper holes are bored in place by selecting a reasonable boring cutter to obtain bored holesKnife reference eccentricity value U0. Then calculating and programming, and substituting the angle theta of the taper hole and the depth H of the taper hole into a corresponding formula to obtain an initial program U1And selecting a reasonable tool advancing and retracting mode and parameters according to the head-tail eccentricity difference value delta U, and obtaining a corresponding programming track when the boring taper direction is from large to small. And finally, machining the boring taper hole, and gradually adjusting the on-site machining to a final value according to a final value of the eccentricity during machining which is definitely required by the previously obtained boring cutter reference eccentricity value U0, so as to ensure that the machining size of the taper hole is in place.
The part material is a metal piece and comprises aluminum alloy and titanium alloy. The taper hole is located on a structure with a certain external cutter advancing and retreating space, such as a high lug of a part, and the like, as shown in figures 1-3, and the normal passing of a boring cutter bar is generally ensured. The orifices are connected by a straight hole structure, and the whole orifice is in a through hole structure, and the diameter of the straight hole is equal to the minimum diameter D of the taper hole0Are equal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the conventional processing mode with the characteristics, the numerical control processing method for boring the taper hole increases the final value of the calculation verification of the in-place boring, and the standard of the on-site boring tool for adjusting the eccentric value is determined by matching with the corresponding boring tool track, so that the limitation of the original method of completely processing by experience is broken, the numerical control processing of the characteristics of the parts is scientifically and normatively carried out, the processing difficulty of boring the taper hole is simplified, and the processing quality and efficiency of the parts are ensured.
(2) When in processing, the reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter is obtained by boring the straight hole in place0The consistency of the U value processing is ensured, the processing error caused by the cutter state and the installation error is eliminated, and the accuracy of the processing dimension is ensured.
(3) The target taper hole is drilled to form a primary hole, large allowance is removed by adopting a conventional boring cutter, and a special high-precision boring cutter is adopted during fine boring, so that coarse-fine separation is ensured, and the stability and high efficiency of machining are ensured. Initial hole diameter D2Compared with the target size, the allowance of 2-3 mm is reserved, and when the space of the subsequent machining allowance is enough, the machining efficiency of the subsequent fine boring is improved as much as possible.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tapered hole part;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a taper hole structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a boring feed trajectory;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a boring process;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a boring tool;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a process flow of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a cutter bar, 2-a cutter sleeve and 3-an eccentric disc.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole comprises the following steps:
(1) boring a straight hole; clamping parts through a tool, fixing the parts on a boring machine workbench, and selecting a proper boring cutter diameter D according to the structural size of the taper hole1. As shown in fig. 4 and 7, it is required that:
D1≤D0-6mm；
such as D0The diameter D of the boring cutter can be selected to be 31mm1＝24mm。
Firstly, drilling a target taper hole to a depth D2As shown in fig. 4 and 6, it is required that:
D0＝D2+(2～3)mm；
such as D0The initial hole diameter D can be selected as 31mm2＝29mm。
Obtaining U by field practice processing0Obtaining U from practice0＝2.498。
(2) Substituting the angle theta of the taper hole and the depth H of the taper hole into a corresponding formula to obtain a final value U1Head to tail eccentricity difference Δ U. As shown in fig. 4 and 6, it is required that:
Figure GDA0003532609410000041
such as U0＝2.498，θ＝At 24 °, H13.6, Δ U2.891, U may be calculated1＝5.389。
The taper direction of the boring is in a mode from large to small, and U-0.5 sentences are added to the advancing and retreating cutters, so that the advancing and retreating cutters are prevented from contacting with the machined dimension, and the formed dimension is protected.
The programming track in the step (2) is a boring cutter track as shown in fig. 5, and the programming basic frame is as follows:
X0.000Y0.000Z0.000F100
U2.891(ΔU)F20
U0.000Z-13.600(H)F10。
wherein X0.000Y0.000Z0.000 in the first row refers to the position of the centerline of the outer surface of the tapered hole in fig. 7, i.e., the position of the initial point of the machining feed; u2.891 in the second row is Δ U calculated previously; u0.000 in the third row is a fixed value; z-13.600 in the third row is the depth H of the taper hole, the plus or minus value is related to the positive direction of the established coordinate system, and is plus or minus with the positive direction, and is minus with the negative direction; f in three rows represents the feed rate, determined by the actual machining. As shown in fig. 7, the boring tool includes a tool bar 21, a tool holder, and an eccentric disc 3, which are connected in this order.
The reasonable feeding and retracting mode and parameters in the step (2), the feeding F of the processing is determined by actual processing, the aluminum alloy is generally controlled to be about F20, and the titanium alloy is controlled to be about F10. The U value can be adjusted to a negative value in the process of feeding and retracting the cutter, so that the condition that the cutter is fed and retracted without processing milling parts is ensured, and generally, the U-0.5 value is ensured when the cutter is fed and retracted.
(3) Boring a taper hole according to the obtained reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter0Final value U of eccentricity in machining is clearly required1On-site processing general U0Gradually and uniformly processed to U1And the machining size of the taper hole is ensured to be in place.
As shown in fig. 8, in the field machining mode in step (3), it is clear from the programmer's instruction that the reference value of eccentricity in the field machining is U0Will U is0Gradually and uniformly processed to U1The allowance of each increase is determined by the actual processing condition.
The invention analyzes the numerical control machining method for boring the taper hole, and respectively explains the application of the invention in three main steps of boring the straight hole, calculating the programming and boring the taper hole. The technical personnel in the field can select the machine tool and the technological parameters automatically and can also ensure the processing quality and the processing efficiency of the parts without exceeding the scope of the invention.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A numerical control machining method for boring a taper hole is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
step S100: boring the straight hole in place to obtain the reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter0；
Firstly, drilling a target taper hole to an initial hole with the diameter of D2Then, processing the straight hole in place;
the straight hole is processed in place by adjusting the eccentricity of the boring cutter through the eccentric disc, and the eccentricity is the reference eccentricity value U of the boring cutter0；
Said D2Is less than D0And D is0＝D2+(2～3)mm；
Calculating the reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter in the step S1000The formula of (1) is as follows:
D0＝D1+2U0
wherein D is0Minimum diameter of the part taper hole, D1The diameter of the boring cutter;
step S200: calculating a final value U1 of the eccentric value of the boring cutter and a head-tail eccentric difference value delta U:
Figure FDA0003532609400000011
wherein, theta is the angle of the taper hole, and H is the depth of the taper hole;
step S300: boring a taper hole;
according to the obtained reference eccentric value U of the boring cutter0Final value U of eccentricity in machining is clearly required1The field processing is gradually changed from U0Adjusted to a final value U1The machining size is in place.
2. The numerical control machining method for boring the taper hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step S100, D1≤D0-6mm。
3. The numerical control machining method for boring the taper hole according to claim 2, wherein D is031mm, then D1Is 24 mm.
4. The numerical control machining method for boring the tapered hole according to claim 1, wherein the direction of boring the tapered hole in the step S300 is from large to small.
5. The numerical control machining method for boring the taper hole according to claim 1, wherein in the step S300, for the aluminum alloy part, the feeding speed F of the boring hole is 20; for titanium alloy parts, the feed rate F of the bore hole is 10.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2491164Y (en) * 2001-07-24 2002-05-15 山东汇金股份有限公司 Boring/cutting appts. for conical hole
JP2003311517A (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-11-05 Nt Engineering Kk Processing method for internal surface of cylinder and processing equipment
CN1814384A (en) * 2006-03-01 2006-08-09 湖北三环锻造有限公司 Conical bore boring machine
CN101745663A (en) * 2009-12-10 2010-06-23 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 Long-spindle deep-hole tapering device of boring ship and boring method thereof
CN203109261U (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-08-07 郑州市钻石精密制造有限公司 Boring cutter bar processing guiding tube bottom hole of engine
CN210359303U (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-04-21 德州东翔机械有限公司 Novel deep hole multifunctional combined boring cutter

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2491164Y (en) * 2001-07-24 2002-05-15 山东汇金股份有限公司 Boring/cutting appts. for conical hole
JP2003311517A (en) * 2002-04-17 2003-11-05 Nt Engineering Kk Processing method for internal surface of cylinder and processing equipment
CN1814384A (en) * 2006-03-01 2006-08-09 湖北三环锻造有限公司 Conical bore boring machine
CN101745663A (en) * 2009-12-10 2010-06-23 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 Long-spindle deep-hole tapering device of boring ship and boring method thereof
CN203109261U (en) * 2013-01-10 2013-08-07 郑州市钻石精密制造有限公司 Boring cutter bar processing guiding tube bottom hole of engine
CN210359303U (en) * 2019-08-28 2020-04-21 德州东翔机械有限公司 Novel deep hole multifunctional combined boring cutter

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