CN111990198A - Rapid cultivation method of single-stem peony - Google Patents
Rapid cultivation method of single-stem peony Download PDFInfo
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- CN111990198A CN111990198A CN202010817316.5A CN202010817316A CN111990198A CN 111990198 A CN111990198 A CN 111990198A CN 202010817316 A CN202010817316 A CN 202010817316A CN 111990198 A CN111990198 A CN 111990198A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid cultivation method of a single-stem peony tree, which comprises the following steps: stock culture; grafting; culturing grafted seedlings; root replacement; inversely planting and cultivating corolla; culturing tree crowns; the method fully utilizes the characteristic that the peony has the potential of growing into the tree, and adopts refined cultivation management measures through directional induction to cultivate the shrub peony into the single-stem peony with obvious trunk, thicker trunk diameter and strong ornamental value, and can shorten the cultivation period of the peony, apply the single-stem peony to landscaping practice as soon as possible, enrich the ornamental form of the peony, improve the ornamental value of the peony, create a new utilization way of the peony and accelerate the pace of peony industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forest cultivation, and particularly relates to a rapid cultivation method of single-stem peony.
Background
At present, the peony is mainly cultivated in a bush form, the ornamental form is single, plant type innovative cultivation forms such as single-tree peony, wattle-shaped peony and the like are hardly applied, and the application range of the peony is very limited compared with other garden plants such as Chinese rose, sweet osmanthus and the like. Therefore, the research and development of tree-type peonies are enhanced, the rapid cultivation technology of the single-rod tree-type peonies is explored, and the method is extremely urgent and meaningful for enriching the ornamental forms of the peonies and improving the ornamental value of the peonies.
The single-stem peony is a concept relative to the shrubbery peony and is a general name of a peony with an obvious trunk and remarkable arbor characteristics. In the large visual field of the whole garden landscape, plant type innovation (modeling) carried out on the basis of satisfying garden beauty always exists, arbor shrub formation and shrub formation are two important directions for the development of ornamental gardening, and as for the shrub formation, a lot of scores are obtained, and tree-shaped Chinese roses, tree-shaped crape myrtle and tree-shaped honeysuckle are applied to garden greening; the peony is a shrub, also has the potential of growing into a tree, the characteristic of the peony is fully utilized, and the peony is cultivated into a single-stem peony tree with obvious trunk, thicker trunk diameter and strong ornamental value by directional induction and refined cultivation management measures, so that the ornamental form of the peony is enriched, a new utilization way of the peony is created, and the industrialization pace of the peony is accelerated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rapid cultivation method of the single-stem peony, which can shorten the cultivation period of the peony, apply the single-stem peony to landscaping practice as soon as possible, enrich the ornamental forms of the peony and improve the ornamental value of the peony.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rapid cultivation method of single-stem peony trees comprises the following steps:
step one, stock culture; selecting 3-4-year-old seeding seedlings or perennial cultivars with low growth, vigorous ornamental value as stocks, planting the stocks at a plant-row spacing of 60 x 60, and only reserving one strongest branch for culturing each stock;
step two, grafting; after the rootstocks are fixedly planted for 1-2 years, grafting the rootstocks by adopting a local grafting mode, wherein a bark-pulling grafting or cleft grafting method is adopted as a grafting method, and the grafted plants are completely sealed by soil in time for overwintering;
step three, culturing grafted seedlings; grafting the survived plant, growing out from the soil-sealed pile in the spring of the next year, reserving the strongest branch of a new branch drawn from the scion, and performing corresponding operations of supporting, stock shearing, bud picking and branch pulling according to the growth condition of the plant;
step four, root replacement; piling soil on the base of the grafted seedling until the seedling is strong and self-rooted;
step five, inversely planting and cultivating crowns; and 3-4 years after grafting, the plant height and the crown width are increased along with the growth of the grafted seedling, the row spacing of the plants of 60cm multiplied by 60cm is crowded, at the moment, the plants are planted again according to the row spacing of the plants of 120cm multiplied by 120cm or 150cm multiplied by 150cm, the original root of the rootstock attached to the robust self-rooted plants is completely cut off while the plants are planted reversely, the plants with defective self-rooted roots are properly kept, and the original root of the rootstock is cut off.
Step six, culturing tree crowns; the tree-shaped peony tree seedlings planted again have obviously increased plant-row spacing, and through fine management of fertilizer and water, the tree height and trunk of the peony tree are gradually increased, the crown width is obviously increased, and the single-stem tree-shaped peony with the flowering height of about 1.5m can be obtained through 2-3 years of cultivation.
In the first step, 3-4 years of seedlings with thick and strong branches and full flower buds or any variety with vigorous growth but low ornamental value, such as Wulong tousheng, Dabaihong, Shengdan furnace and the like, are selected as the stock.
In the second step, the grafting method is to graft the stock on the original pier, the stock is not required to be dug out, the root damage and seedling revival are avoided, and the grafted and survived plant grows vigorously, has tenacious vitality and can quickly grow into seedlings.
In the second step, the rootstock is cut horizontally during grafting, and all hidden buds within 5cm below the cut are removed.
In the third step, the support is bound to the seedlings when the grafted seedlings are unearthed and the newly born branches are completely lignified and the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm.
In the third step, the anvil shearing means that: when the scion grows in spring, a plurality of sprouts can also grow on the stock, and the sprouts need to be cut off in time and repeated for 3-4 times every year.
In the third step, bud picking refers to: when the grafted seedlings grow to the stage of big aeolian bells, buds at the top ends of the scions need to be picked off, and the situation that the seedlings bloom and lose nutrients is avoided.
In the third step, the bud picking means that sprouts except the main branches on the scions are picked in time.
In the third step, the branch pulling is to pull the peony tree with an uneven trunk by using a rope so as to correct the tree shape.
In the fourth step, the height of the soil pile at the base of the plantlet is 20cm, and the left and right diameters are 20-30 cm.
The rootstock is selected in the first step because the seedling has developed main roots and lateral roots and vigorous vitality, and accordingly, overground branches of the seedling grow rapidly and the vigorous features are obvious; in addition, some ornamental peony varieties such as 'Wulong tousheng' and 'Shengdan' have the characteristics of developed root system, strong growth vigor and less flower amount (the nutrition growth is vigorous, the reproductive growth is poor, the ornamental effect is not ideal, and the peony can also be used as a stock.
And C, completely sealing the plants subjected to grafting in the step two by soil in time for overwintering so as to preserve soil moisture and increase temperature, and facilitating healing of grafting wounds.
Wherein, the purpose of supporting in the third step is to prevent wind and protect seedlings and prevent new branches from being blown off by strong wind; the purpose of cutting the stock is to inhibit the growth of the stock and promote the germination and growth of the scion; the purpose of picking buds is to inhibit the reproductive growth of the scions, promote the vegetative growth and accelerate the scion branching and seedling formation process; the branch pulling aims at correcting the tree shape, preventing the crown deviation and promoting the overall beauty of the small-sized peony tree.
The soil is piled at the base of the grafted seedling in the fourth step because the small grafted seedling of the peony is actually a chimera, the stock and the scion are not hundreds of percent of affinity, and antagonism and repulsion exist even between the stock and the scion.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can shorten the cultivation period of the peony tree, apply the single-stem peony tree to landscaping practice as soon as possible, enrich the ornamental form of the peony and improve the ornamental value of the peony.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a rapid cultivation method of a single-stem peony tree, which comprises the following steps:
step one, stock culture; selecting 3-4 years old sowing seedlings with thick and strong branches and full flower buds as stocks, planting the stocks at a plant-row spacing of 60 multiplied by 60, selecting the stocks from any variety with vigorous growth but low ornamental value such as 'Wulong tousheng', 'Dagaohong', 'Shengdan', and the like, and only reserving one strongest branch for culturing each stock;
step two, grafting; after the rootstock is fixedly planted for 1-2 years, the rootstock is grafted by adopting a mode of in-situ grafting on an original pier of the rootstock, a strongest branch is reserved on a new branch drawn out from a scion, a bark-pulling grafting or cleft grafting method is adopted in the grafting method, and the grafted plant is completely sealed by soil in time for overwintering, wherein the rootstock is horizontally cut in the grafting process, and hidden buds within 5cm below a cut are all wiped off;
step three, culturing grafted seedlings; grafting the survived plant, growing out from the soil-sealed pile in the spring of the next year, and performing corresponding operations of supporting, stock shearing, bud picking and branch pulling according to the growth condition of the plant; in the third step, the support is bound to the seedlings when the grafted seedlings are unearthed and the newly born branches are completely lignified and the seedlings grow to 15-20 cm;
the anvil shearing means that: when the scion grows in spring, a plurality of sprouts can also grow on the stock, the sprouts need to be cut off in time, and the process is repeated for 3 to 4 times every year;
bud picking means: when the grafted seedlings grow to the stage of big aeolian bells, buds at the top ends of the scions need to be picked off, so that the seedlings are prevented from being in vain and consuming nutrients;
the bud picking means that sprouts except the main branches on the scions are picked off in time;
branch pulling is to pull the tree of the peony with the stem not straight so as to correct the tree shape;
step four, root replacement; soil is piled at the base part of the grafted seedling, the height of the soil pile is 20cm, and the diameter of the soil pile is 20-30cm, until the seedling is rooted and strong;
step five, inversely planting and cultivating crowns; 3-4 years after grafting, the plant height and the crown width are increased along with the growth of the grafted seedling, the row spacing of the plants of 60cm multiplied by 60cm is crowded, the plants are planted again according to the row spacing of the plants of 120cm multiplied by 120cm after being planted reversely once, the original root of the stock attached to the robust plant with the self-growing root is completely cut off while the plants with the defective self-growing root are planted, and the original root of the stock is properly reserved;
step six, culturing tree crowns; the plant-row spacing of the seedlings of the single-stem peony trees planted again is obviously increased, and the fine management of fertilizer and water is added, so that the plant height and trunk of the peony trees are gradually increased, the crown width is obviously increased, and the single-stem tree-shaped peony trees with the flowering height of about 1.5m can be obtained through 2-3 years of cultivation.
Claims (9)
1. A rapid cultivation method of single-stem peony is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, stock culture; selecting 3-4-year-old seeding seedlings or perennial cultivars with low growth, vigorous ornamental value as stocks, planting the stocks at a plant-row spacing of 60 x 60, and only reserving one strongest branch for culturing each stock;
step two, grafting; after the rootstocks are fixedly planted for 1-2 years, grafting the rootstocks by adopting a local grafting mode, wherein a bark-pulling grafting or cleft grafting method is adopted as a grafting method, and the grafted plants are completely sealed by soil in time for overwintering;
step three, culturing grafted seedlings; grafting the survived plant, growing out from the soil-sealed pile in the spring of the next year, reserving the strongest branch of a new branch drawn from the scion, and performing corresponding operations of supporting, stock shearing, bud picking and branch pulling according to the growth condition of the plant;
step four, root replacement; piling soil on the base of the grafted seedling until the seedling is strong and self-rooted;
step five, inversely planting and cultivating crowns; 3-4 years after grafting, along with the growth of the grafted seedling, the plant height and the crown width are increased, the row spacing of the plants of 60cm multiplied by 60cm is crowded, at the moment, the plants are planted again according to the row spacing of the plants of 120cm multiplied by 120cm or 150cm multiplied by 150cm, the original root of the stock attached to the robust self-rooted plants is completely cut off while the plants are planted reversely, the plants with defective self-rooted roots appropriately keep the original root of the stock;
step six, culturing tree crowns; the tree-shaped peony tree seedlings planted again have obviously increased plant-row spacing, and through fine management of fertilizer and water, the tree height and trunk of the peony tree are gradually increased, the crown width is obviously increased, and the single-stem tree-shaped peony with the flowering height of about 1.5m can be obtained through 2-3 years of cultivation.
2. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the stock is selected from 3-4 years old seedlings with thick and strong branches and full flower buds or any variety with vigorous growth but low ornamental value, such as black dragon, big petal red, red sage and the like.
3. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the second step, the grafting method is to graft the original pier on the stock, the stock is horizontally cut during grafting, and all hidden buds within 5cm below a cut are removed.
4. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the support is to bind the support for the young seedling when the grafted seedling grows to 15-20cm from the time of emergence to the time of complete lignification of a new branch.
5. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, when the scions grow in spring, the stocks also grow a plurality of sprouts, and the sprouts are cut off in time and repeated for 3-4 times every year.
6. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, bud picking is to pick off the flower buds at the top of the scions when the grafted seedlings grow to the stage of big aeolian bells, so as to avoid nutrient loss when the seedlings bloom.
7. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, bud picking means that sprouts except the main branches on the scions are picked in time.
8. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, branch pulling is to pull the tree-shaped peony tree with an uneven trunk by using ropes.
9. The method for rapidly cultivating single-stem peony trees according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the fourth step, the height of the soil pile at the base of the plantlet is 20cm, and the left and right diameters are 20-30 cm.
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Citations (7)
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| CN103314742A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2013-09-25 | 北京林业大学 | Peony stiff twig cut flower production method |
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