CN111990150A - Intensive close planting seedling raising method for fructus forsythiae - Google Patents

Intensive close planting seedling raising method for fructus forsythiae Download PDF

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CN111990150A
CN111990150A CN202010967225.XA CN202010967225A CN111990150A CN 111990150 A CN111990150 A CN 111990150A CN 202010967225 A CN202010967225 A CN 202010967225A CN 111990150 A CN111990150 A CN 111990150A
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seeds
sowing
weeding
seedlings
arched shed
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刘洁
陈敏克
阎世江
杜海平
薛新平
孟颖超
焦彩菊
曹宇斌
栾奕
韩晋
丁皓希
赵瑞萍
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Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION INSTITUTE OF SHANXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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Vegetable Research Institute Of Shanxi Academy Of Agriculture Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a forsythia intensive close planting seedling method, which comprises the following steps: sun drying seeds, removing impurities, soaking the seeds in warm water, and dressing the seeds with the biological agent; fertilizing, preparing soil, making high ridges, and reserving a walkway between the two ridges; ditching before sowing, and watering the ditch thoroughly; sowing fructus forsythiae seeds in the ditch uniformly, and covering a small arched shed on the furrow; before and after the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge, pricking holes on a small arched shed according to conditions to release air, and removing the small arched shed when the seedlings emerge; weeding in the seedling stage, watering according to the weather condition until 9-10 months in the current year, growing the seedlings to 45-60 cm of plant height and 0.3-0.7 cm of stem thickness, wherein each 667m of the seedlings is2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced. The method adopts intensive management method, and has the advantages of rapid emergence and high emergence rate.

Description

Intensive close planting seedling raising method for fructus forsythiae
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forsythia suspense planting, and particularly relates to a method for intensive close planting seedling culture of forsythia suspense.
Background
Fructus forsythiae belongs to one of common Chinese medicinal materials, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, eliminating stagnation and reducing swelling and the like, and gradually rises as wild resources are less and the market demand is increased. The forsythia can be planted all the year round, has strong environmental adaptability, can be planted in wastelands and plain, and is a crop with high economic value. However, the seedling culture method of forsythia is still in the initial stage, the yield is far from meeting the market demand, and the large-scale seedling culture cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the intensive close planting seedling raising method for the forsythia, which adopts an intensive management mode and has the advantages of fast seedling emergence and high seedling emergence rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, after 9 middle ten days of each year, harvesting the fructus forsythiae after the fruit is ripe, exposing the fructus forsythiae to sunlight, and reserving seeds when the shell of the fruit is cracked, and removing impurities;
s2, when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in spring in the next year, sowing seeds by machine, putting the seeds into warm water of 30-40 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 12-36 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out, mixing the seeds with 100 times of diluent of ER-CN biological agent, and drying in the shade;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing;
s4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kg-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high furrows before sowing, wherein the width of each furrow is 0.8-1.3 m, the height of each furrow is 15-25 cm, and a walkway with the width of 30-50 cm is reserved between the two furrows;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of ditches is 7-15 cm, the distance between ditches is 15-25 cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing amount reaches 20-40 kg/667m2Covering soil of 1-2 cm after sowing, and then building a small arched shed; the small arched shed can also be a mulching film.
S7, timely observing after sowingWhen the seedling emergence of fructus forsythiae reaches 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking 1 hole every 20-30 cm when the seedling emergence reaches 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, enlarging the holes to ensure that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃; watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the small arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle is that the large arched shed is removed, the large area of weeding is carried out, and the arched shed is not removed for the part which has not reached weeding; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the year, the seedlings grow to the plant height of 45-60 cm, the stem thickness is 0.3-0.7 cm, and each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, in the step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and stored indoors after the impurities are removed.
Further, the depth of deep ploughing before sowing in the step S3 is 20-40 cm.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) soaking the seeds in warm water at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ can melt the waxiness on the surfaces of the forsythia seeds, increase the water permeability of the seed coats and promote germination, seedlings can emerge well in 15-20 days, and the problems of slow seedling emergence and low seedling emergence rate in the prior art are solved. The warm water at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ can also achieve the effects of sterilizing and killing viruses. The dilution of ER-CN biological agent can stimulate germination.
2) And selecting a land where the forsythia is not planted within 3 years for seedling culture, and avoiding the influence of continuous cropping on the growth of seedlings.
3) The adoption of the high ridge is beneficial to draining water, so that a large amount of water cannot be accumulated in the soil, and the weeping forsythia seedlings cannot be retted during growth. And a walkway is arranged between the high ridges, so that the management is convenient.
4) And (3) building a small arched shed on the ridge surface, preserving heat and moisture, and gradually pricking holes on the film along with the growth of the seedlings to make the seedlings adapt to the external environment.
5) Seedlings are not thinned in the fructus forsythiae seedling raising process, so that the seedling emergence amount is improved to the maximum extent, the labor is reduced, and the labor intensity is reduced.
6) The weeding composition is carefully operated during weeding, seedlings are not damaged, and the weeding composition can effectively promote the growth of forsythia suspense seedlings.
7) The method has the advantages of fast growth of seedlings and high yield, and the seedlings can reach the standard of commercial seedlings in the same year.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting the ripe fructus forsythiae in 9-month middle ten days, exposing the fruits to the sun, reserving seeds when the shells of the fruits crack, and removing impurities; the seeds are collected and sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities. The seeds are packed by plastic bags and then stored indoors.
S2, sowing seeds by selecting a machine when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in 4 months in the next year, putting the seeds into warm water of 30-35 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 24 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out the seeds, and mixing the seeds with a 100-time dilution solution of an ER-CN biological microbial inoculum;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing to 30cm before sowing.
S4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high ridges before sowing, wherein the ridge width is 1.0 m, the ridge height is 20cm, and the length and the number are determined according to the terrain; a 40cm wide walkway is reserved between the two ridges;
s6, before sowing, furrowing among the high furrows, wherein the furrow depth is 10cm, the furrow distance is 20cm, and the water is poured in the furrows thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing quantity reaches 30kg/667m2After sowing, covering soil of 1cm, and building a small arched shed on the furrow;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking one hole every 20-30 cm when the seedlings emerge to 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, the holes are enlarged, so that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃. Watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle that the arched shed is removed according to the principle that the size of the arched shed is large and the size of the weeding is large is not removed for the part which is not ready to weed is followed; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the current year, the seedlings grow to the plant height of 50cm, the stem thickness is 0.5cm, and each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
Example 2
A method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting fructus forsythiae after the fructus forsythiae is ripe in 9-month middle ten days, insolating in the sun, reserving seeds when the shells of the fructus forsythiae crack, and removing impurities;
s2, sowing seeds by machine when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in spring 4 months in the next year, putting the seeds into warm water at 40 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 12 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out the seeds, and mixing the seeds with a 100-time dilution solution of an ER-CN biological microbial inoculum;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing to 20 cm.
S4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high ridges before sowing, wherein the ridge width is 0.8m, the ridge height is 15cm, the length and the number are determined according to the terrain, and a walking path with the width of 35cm is reserved between the two ridges;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of the ditches is 7cm, the distance between ditches is 15cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing quantity reaches 20kg/667m2After sowing, covering soil for 2cm, and building a small arched shed on the furrow;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, when the seedlings emerge to 40-60%,pricking holes every 20-30 cm; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, the holes are enlarged, so that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃. Watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle that the arched shed is removed according to the principle that the size of the arched shed is large and the size of the weeding is large is not removed for the part which is not ready to weed is followed; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the year, the seedlings grow to the height of 45-50 cm, the stem thickness is 0.3-0.4 cm, and each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, in the step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and stored indoors after the impurities are removed.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
Example 3
A method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting fructus forsythiae after the fructus forsythiae is ripe in 9-month middle ten days, insolating in the sun, reserving seeds when the shells of the fructus forsythiae crack, and removing impurities;
s2, sowing seeds by machine when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in spring 4 months in the next year, putting the seeds into warm water at 30 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 36 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out the seeds, and mixing the seeds with a 100-time dilution solution of an ER-CN biological microbial inoculum;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing;
s4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kg-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high ridges before sowing, wherein the ridge width is 1.3m, the ridge height is 25cm, and the length and the number are determined according to the terrain. A walkway with the width of 30-50 cm is reserved between the two ridges;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of the ditches is 15cm, the distance between ditches is 25cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing quantity reaches 40kg/667m2After sowing, covering soil for 2cm, and building a small arched shed on the furrow;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking one hole every 20-30 cm when the seedlings emerge to 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, the holes are enlarged, so that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃. Watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the small arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle is that the large arched shed is removed, the large area of weeding is carried out, and the arched shed is not removed for the part which has not reached weeding; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the year, the seedlings grow to the height of 45-50 cm, the stem thickness is 0.5-0.7 cm, and each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, in the step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and stored indoors after the impurities are removed.
Further, the depth of the deep ploughing before sowing in the step S3 is 40 cm.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
Example 4
A method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting fructus forsythiae after the fructus forsythiae is ripe in 9-month middle ten days, insolating in the sun, reserving seeds when the shells of the fructus forsythiae crack, and removing impurities;
s2, sowing seeds in a machine selection mode when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in 4 months in spring of the next year, putting the seeds into warm water of 33 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 20 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out the seeds, and mixing the seeds with a 100-time dilution solution of an ER-CN biological agent;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing;
s4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kg-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high ridges before sowing, wherein the ridge width is 1.0 m, the ridge height is 18cm, and the length and the number are determined according to the terrain. A 45cm wide walkway is reserved between the two ridges;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of the ditches is 12cm, the distance between ditches is 22cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing quantity reaches 35kg/667m2Covering soil of 1.5cm after sowing, and placing in furrowA small arch shed is built up;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking one hole every 20-30 cm when the seedlings emerge to 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, the holes are enlarged, so that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃. Watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding in the seedling stage, wherein the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, and the small arched shed is gradually removed during weeding according to the principle of 'removing the large arched shed and the large area of weeding', and the small arched shed is not removed for the part which has not reached weeding; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the year, the seedlings grow to 55-60 cm of plant height and 0.5-0.7 cm of stem thickness, and the diameter is 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, in the step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and stored indoors after the impurities are removed.
Further, the depth of the deep ploughing before sowing in the step S3 is 35 cm.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
Example 5
A method for intensive close planting seedling raising of forsythia suspense comprises the following steps:
s1, harvesting fructus forsythiae after the fructus forsythiae is ripe in 9-month middle ten days, insolating in the sun, reserving seeds when the shells of the fructus forsythiae crack, and removing impurities;
s2, sowing seeds by machine when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in spring 4 months in the next year, putting the seeds into warm water at 35-38 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 18 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out the seeds, and mixing the seeds with 100 times of ER-CN biological agent diluted solution;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing;
s4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kg-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high ridges before sowing, wherein the ridge width is 0.8m, the ridge height is 25cm, and the length and the number are determined according to the terrain. A walkway with the width of 30cm is reserved between the two ridges;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of the ditches is 10cm, the distance between ditches is 25cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing quantity is 38kg/667m2After sowing, covering soil of 1cm, and building a small arched shed on the furrow;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes on a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking one hole every 20-30 cm when the seedlings emerge to 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, the holes are enlarged, so that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃. Watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the small arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle is that the large arched shed is removed, the large area of weeding is carried out, and the arched shed is not removed for the part which has not reached weeding; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the condition, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, and when 9-10 months of the year, the seedlings grow to the plant height of 50cm, stem thickness 0.5cm, each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
Further, in the step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and stored indoors after the impurities are removed.
Further, the depth of the deep ploughing before sowing in the step S3 is 30 cm.
Further, the germination rate of the seeds is checked before sowing in the step S2, and the seeds are sown after the germination rate is more than 75%.
Further, the ER-CN biological agent in the step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, heterocellomonas sp, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml and is larger than or equal to 2 hundred million.
Further, the casing soil in the step S6 is sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Further, in the weeding process of the step S8, the weeds growing near the seedlings in the ditches are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A forsythia intensive close planting seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after 9 middle ten days of each year, harvesting the fructus forsythiae after the fruit is ripe, exposing the fructus forsythiae to sunlight, and reserving seeds when the shell of the fruit is cracked, and removing impurities;
s2, when the temperature is 15-20 ℃ in spring in the next year, sowing seeds by machine, putting the seeds into warm water of 30-40 ℃ before sowing, continuously stirring, soaking the seeds for 12-36 hours after the water temperature is reduced to room temperature, fishing out, mixing the seeds with 100 times of diluent of ER-CN biological agent, and drying in the shade;
s3, selecting a field where no fructus forsythiae is planted within 3 years, selecting a field with flat ground, sufficient illumination, leeward, sandy loam and good irrigation conditions for seedling culture, and deeply ploughing before sowing;
s4, land preparation and ridge making are combined, and each 667m2Applying 1500 kg-3000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure and 30 kg-60 kg of ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer;
s5, making high furrows before sowing, wherein the width of each furrow is 0.8-1.3 m, the height of each furrow is 15-25 cm, and a walkway with the width of 30-50 cm is reserved between the two furrows;
s6, ditching before sowing, wherein the depth of ditches is 7-15 cm, the distance between ditches is 15-25 cm, and the ditches are watered thoroughly; then sowing, namely uniformly sowing forsythia seeds in the ditches, wherein the sowing amount reaches 20-40 kg/667m2Covering soil of 1-2 cm after sowing, and then building a small arched shed;
s7, timely observing after sowing, when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 15-20%, pricking holes in a small arched shed above the ditch to release air, pricking 1 hole every 40-60 cm, and pricking 1 hole every 20-30 cm when the fructus forsythiae seedlings emerge to 40-60%; when the seedling emergence reaches 80-90%, enlarging the holes to ensure that the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the small arched shed is below 3 ℃; watering according to weather conditions, and carrying out urea spraying for 1-3 times along with water, wherein 15-25 kg/667m of urea is sprayed each time2；
S8, weeding is carried out in the seedling stage, the first weeding is carried out when the small arched shed is removed after seedlings are discharged completely, watering is carried out for 1 time before weeding, the small arched shed is gradually removed during weeding, and the principle is that the large arched shed is removed, the large area of weeding is carried out, and the arched shed is not removed for the part which has not reached weeding; weeding is carried out for 2-3 times according to the conditions, and the method is the same; watering for 1 time after each weeding;
s9, until 9-10 months in the year, the seedlings grow to the plant height of 45-60 cm, the stem thickness is 0.3-0.7 cm, and each 667m2Over 10 thousands of commercial seedlings are produced.
2. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspense according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the sun-dried seeds are sieved by a 16-mesh sieve to remove impurities, and after the impurities are removed, the seeds are packaged by a plastic bag and then stored indoors.
3. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspense according to claim 1, wherein the depth of deep plowing before sowing in step S3 is 20-40 cm.
4. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspense according to claim 1, wherein the germination rate of seeds is checked before sowing in step S2, and sowing is performed after the germination rate is more than 75%.
5. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspense according to claim 1, wherein the ER-CN biological agent in step S2 contains bacillus subtilis, cellulomonas sobolifera, vinegar brewing yeast, trichoderma pseudokoningii, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphorus bacteria, and the effective viable count is 1ml ≧ 2 billion.
6. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspense according to claim 1, wherein the soil covering in step S6 is sieved with a 10-mesh sieve.
7. The intensive close planting seedling raising method for forsythia suspensa according to claim 1, wherein in the weeding process of step S8, weeds growing near seedlings in furrows are cut off along the ground by scissors; removing the weeds except the sowing ditches with roots; the seedlings are not damaged when weeding.
CN202010967225.XA 2020-06-05 2020-09-15 Intensive close planting seedling raising method for fructus forsythiae Pending CN111990150A (en)

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