CN111982005A - Three-dimensional deformation field measuring device - Google Patents
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
A three-dimensional deformation field measuring device is characterized in that the main structure of the measuring device comprises a light splitting path system and a camera system; the light splitting path system consists of an LED light source, a left plane mirror, a right plane mirror, a double prism and a light splitting path integrated shell; the camera system consists of a camera lens, a CCD camera, a camera shell and a wire outlet; in the light splitting path system, a left plane mirror is positioned inside the left side of a light splitting path integrated shell, a right plane mirror is positioned inside the right side of the light splitting path integrated shell, a double prism is positioned between the left plane mirror and the right plane mirror, and an LED light source is positioned in the middle of a rectangular outer frame of the light splitting path integrated shell; the CCD camera in the camera system is positioned at the rear part of the camera shell and is connected with the camera shell through a screw; the camera lens passes through the screw thread and directly is connected with the CCD camera, and the electric wire export is located the outside left side of camera shell, and the integrated shell of light splitting path passes through threaded connection with the camera shell. The invention can realize the single-camera binocular vision measurement three-dimensional measurement without the traditional double cameras.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft structural strength evaluation, and particularly relates to an integrated three-dimensional deformation field measuring device in a force-heat composite environment test technology.
Background
When the aircraft flies at hypersonic speed, the temperature of a large-area heat-proof structure can reach 1200 ℃, the temperature of the end head, the front edge and other parts is higher, the noise load caused by separation flow and shock wave impact can reach 165dB, and the aircraft is also in a severe vibration environment. In order to adapt to severe service environments, a hypersonic aircraft structure is made of novel heat-proof load-bearing integrated materials represented by C/C, C/SiC and the like in a large quantity. The method is a key link which needs to be developed in the development process of hypersonic aircrafts and the like. The thermal environment simulation in the aircraft structure ground force thermal test mostly adopts a radiation heating mode, and environments such as high temperature, strong light radiation, vibration and strong noise bring great difficulty to test measurement. The parameters of temperature, displacement, strain, acceleration and the like need to be measured in the structural force-heat test of the aircraft.
The contact displacement testing method represented by the contact displacement meter has the problems of difficult equipment thermal protection, capability of testing single-point displacement and the like, and the non-contact optical measuring method provides a new way for solving the deformation field test in the extreme force thermal environment. The digital image correlation method is the latest research direction of a non-contact optical measurement method, but the non-contact measurement of the thermal deformation of a component in a radiation heating mode meets the problem that a radiation heater shields the light path of a digital image optical test system, the conventional digital image equipment in the market is shot by multiple cameras at a large angle and cannot be directly installed in an aircraft cabin to finish the measurement, and the high-temperature deformation test method which can be placed in narrow spaces such as the aircraft cabin is established, so that the deformation of a high-temperature structure can be measured from the inside.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a miniaturized device for testing a single-camera three-dimensional digital image related surface deformation field, which is suitable for a local space in a high-temperature composite material structure, aiming at the ground test environment and the test requirement of the local deformation field in the high-temperature composite material test piece.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a three-dimensional deformation field measuring device is characterized in that the main structure of the measuring device comprises a light splitting path system and a camera system; the light splitting path system consists of an LED light source, a left plane mirror, a right plane mirror, a double prism and a light splitting path integrated shell; the camera system consists of a camera lens, a CCD camera, a camera shell and a wire outlet; in the light splitting path system, a left plane mirror is positioned inside the left side of a light splitting path integrated shell, a right plane mirror is positioned inside the right side of the light splitting path integrated shell, a double prism is positioned between the left plane mirror and the right plane mirror, and an LED light source is positioned in the middle of a rectangular outer frame of the light splitting path integrated shell; the CCD camera in the camera system is positioned at the rear part of the camera shell and is connected with the camera shell through a screw; the camera lens passes through the screw thread and directly is connected with the CCD camera, and the electric wire export is located the outside left side of camera shell, the integrated shell of light splitting path passes through threaded connection with the camera shell.
The measuring device further comprises a thermal protection system, wherein the thermal protection system is positioned outside the measuring device and consists of a water cooling system and an air cooling system, the water cooling system comprises a water cooling shell a, a water cooling shell b, a water cooling shell c, a water cooling circulation inlet, a water cooling circulation outlet and a flow deflector, water sequentially enters the water cooling shell c, the water cooling shell b and the water cooling shell a from the water cooling circulation inlet, and the water is divided into an inlet part and an outlet part by the flow deflector to be circulated; the gas cooling system comprises a gas cooling circulation inlet, a gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe and a gas cooling circulation outlet, nitrogen enters the interlayer of the light splitting integrated shell from the gas cooling circulation inlet through the gas inlet pipe and is discharged from the gas cooling circulation outlet through the gas outlet pipe from a gas hole at the other end of the light splitting integrated shell, and the gas cooling system cools the semi-reflecting and semi-permeable filter; the front end of the light splitting path integrated shell is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell a through a circle of screw; the light splitting path integrated shell is connected with the camera shell through threads; the rear end of the camera shell is connected with the rear end of the water-cooling shell b through a positioning screw; the rear end of the water-cooling shell a is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell b through a circle of screw; the rear end of the water-cooling shell b is connected with the water-cooling shell c through a circle of screw.
Further, the LED light source 1 is a blue light source, and the wavelength of the light source is 450 nm.
Furthermore, the light splitting path system also comprises a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens, and the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens is arranged at the outer side of the LED light source; the camera system further comprises a narrow-band filter, the narrow-band filter is directly installed on the camera lens, the central wavelength is 450nm, and the bandwidth is 20 nm.
Furthermore, the measuring device comes out from the cable outlet through the wire outlet by using a network cable, is connected with a graphic workstation for testing, and needs a power supply for working.
Further, the measurement test process of the measuring device comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the parameters of the measuring device in advance;
2) checking a power supply and thermal protection system of the measuring device, and eliminating faults;
3) applying a small voltage of 20V to the heater, debugging a heating system, and checking whether the measuring device is normal;
4) debugging the temperature control capability of the heater, and determining PID parameters corresponding to each temperature rise rate;
5) placing the measuring device at a position of 10cm of a measured object and fixing the measuring device through a mounting hole;
6) debugging the measuring device;
7) the test is started, the temperature is raised at a constant speed, and the measuring device acquires images at a constant acquisition frequency;
8) after the image acquisition is finished at different temperatures, the test is finished;
9) and carrying out deformation field calculation on the acquired image through a digital image algorithm.
Further, the step 1 further comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a flat checkerboard or a flat dot calibration board with a proper size;
collecting a series of images of translation, in-plane rotation and out-of-plane rotation of the calibration plate;
dividing an acquired picture into a left part and a right part, and dividing the image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures;
and fourthly, carrying out calibration operation on the two pictures to determine calibration parameters of the measuring device so as to complete a calibration procedure.
Further, the step 9 further includes the following specific steps:
firstly, taking an acquired image of a measured object in an unloaded state as an initial image, and then taking a series of acquired images of the measured object at different temperatures as a deformation image;
dividing the collected image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures, namely a left image and a right image, and regarding the right image part in the left image as nothing; treating a left image portion in the right image as none;
thirdly, according to the calibration parameters, image reconstruction operation and displacement field operation are carried out on the left image and the right image;
and fourthly, calculating a strain field according to the difference of the displacement field.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the double-prism, plane mirror and single-camera light path building method can realize single-camera binocular vision measurement three-dimensional measurement without the need of a traditional double camera, not only saves cost, but also reduces the problems of relative position adjustment and the like of the traditional binocular vision imaging system camera, saves light path building and adjusting time, and can be directly used without field adjustment.
2) In order to avoid the influence of strong stray light interference and radiation heat of a radiation heater on the quality of collected images, a narrow-band filter is added in front of a lens and is provided with an illumination light source with the same wave band, and a semi-reflection and semi-transmission wave plate is arranged on the shell of the equipment, so that the projection of light with required wavelength is realized, and the reflection of light with the rest wave bands is realized.
3) Compared with the scheme that the light source is arranged around the mirror and the semi-reflecting semi-transmitting mirror covers the front end of the whole lens, the invention avoids the influence of stray light generated by the light source passing through the semi-reflecting semi-transmitting mirror on the quality of collected images.
4) According to the invention, after the single-camera three-dimensional deformation measurement system, the light source and the thermal protection system are integrated into an integrated device, the final size of the device is only 13cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 9cm, the device can be placed in a high-temperature composite material test piece to monitor the local deformation or damage process of a key part, and the limitation that the traditional digital image correlation method cannot acquire images under the surrounding heating of a radiation heater so that the measurement cannot be realized is broken through.
5) The design scheme of the invention has the advantages that the final size of the device is further reduced compared with the design of separating the device and the thermal protection, meanwhile, in order to avoid the influence of thermal radiation on the quality of the collected image, the device is additionally provided with the thin semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens and is cooled by nitrogen, so that the semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting lens can resist high temperature, and compared with the method without air cooling protection, the size of the device in the direction is reduced, and the stray light interference and image distortion caused by the over-thick lens are reduced.
6) According to the invention, after the traditional double-camera digital image related test system is integrated, the work of camera calibration and the like before each measurement is not needed, and on the basis of fixed focal length, one-time calibration and multiple measurements are realized, so that the problem that the internal space of a material structure is narrow and cannot be calibrated is solved.
7) The invention has the application range not only limited to the measurement of the local deformation field in the test piece under the surrounding environment of the radiation heater, but also can be placed in the local position of the narrow space in any normal temperature and high temperature environment for measurement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a main structure of a three-dimensional deformation field measuring apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a three-dimensional deformation field measuring device body structure;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a thermal shield structure of a three-dimensional deformation field measuring device;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a thermal shield structure of a three-dimensional deformation field measuring device;
FIG. 5 shows the strain field distribution of the four-point bending beam standard test piece along the length direction of the beam at normal temperature;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the measurement results of a three-dimensional deformation field measuring device with a normal temperature strain gauge;
the system comprises a light source 1, an LED light source 2, a half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror 3, a left plane mirror 4, a right plane mirror 5, a double prism 6, a light splitting path integrated shell 7, a lens 8, a CCD camera 9, a wire outlet 10, a narrow-band filter 11, a camera shell 12, a water cooling shell a, a water cooling shell 13, a water cooling shell b, a water cooling shell c, a water cooling circulation inlet 15, a water cooling circulation outlet 16, a air cooling circulation inlet 17, an air cooling circulation inlet 18, an air cooling circulation inlet 19, a cable outlet 19, a flow deflector 20, an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a miniaturized device for testing an anti-heat insulation integrated three-dimensional deformation field by utilizing a single camera and a light splitting path based on a binocular vision principle and a digital image correlation method, aiming at the requirement of testing a local deformation field in a high-temperature composite material test piece under the surrounding heating of a radiation heater.
A three-dimensional deformation field measuring device is shown in figures 1 and 2 and comprises a thermal protection structure and a main body structure; the main structure comprises a light splitting path system and a camera system, wherein the light splitting path system consists of an LED light source 1, a semi-reflecting and semi-transparent mirror 2, a left plane mirror 3, a right plane mirror 4, a double prism 5 and a light splitting path integrated shell 6; the camera system consists of a camera lens 7, a CCD camera 8, a narrow-band filter 10, a camera shell 11 and a wire outlet 9; in the light splitting path system, a left plane mirror 3 is positioned inside the left side of a light splitting path integrated shell 6, a right plane mirror 4 is positioned inside the right side of the light splitting path integrated shell 6, a double prism 5 is positioned between the left plane mirror 3 and the right plane mirror 4, an LED light source 1 is positioned in the middle of a rectangular outer frame of the light splitting path integrated shell 6 (rectangular grid area in a top view), and a semi-reflecting and semi-transmitting mirror 2 is positioned outside the LED light source 1 (rectangular light gray area in the top view); in the camera system, a CCD camera 8 is arranged at the rear part of a camera shell 11 and is connected with the camera shell through a screw; camera lens 7 directly is connected with CCD camera 8 through the screw thread, and narrowband filter 10 direct mount is on camera lens 7, and electric wire export 9 is located the outside left side of camera shell 11, light splitting path integrated housing 6 passes through threaded connection with camera shell 11.
Wherein the thermal protection system is located outside the measuring device and is used for protecting the measuring device to work in a high-temperature environment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4; the heat protection system consists of a water cooling system and an air cooling system, wherein the water cooling system comprises a water cooling shell a12, a water cooling shell b13, a water cooling shell c14, a water cooling circulation inlet 15, a water cooling circulation outlet 16 and a flow deflector 20, water sequentially enters the water cooling shell c14, the water cooling shell b13 and the water cooling shell a12 from the water cooling circulation inlet 15, the flow deflector 20 is used for dividing the water into an inlet part and an outlet part for circulation, and the water cooling system mainly cools a main body structure; the gas cooling system comprises a gas cooling circulation inlet 17, a gas inlet pipe 21, a gas outlet pipe 22 and a gas cooling circulation outlet 18, nitrogen enters the interlayer of the optical path integration shell 6 from the gas cooling circulation inlet 17 through the gas inlet pipe 21, is discharged from the gas cooling circulation outlet 18 from a gas hole at the other end of the optical path integration shell 6 through the gas outlet pipe 22, and cools the semi-reflecting and semi-permeable filter 2;
the front end of the light splitting path integrated shell 6 is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell a12 through a circle of screw; the light splitting path integrated shell 6 is connected with the camera shell 11 through threads; the rear end of the camera shell 11 is connected with the rear end of the water-cooling shell b13 through a positioning screw; the rear end of the water-cooling shell a12 is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell b13 through a circle of screw; the rear end of the water-cooled shell b13 is connected with the water-cooled shell c14 through a circle of screws.
The LED light source 1 is a blue light source, and the wavelength of the light source is 450 nm.
Further, in order to avoid the influence of heat radiation on the quality of the collected image, a half-reflecting half-transmitting lens 2 is added in the measuring device, and a narrow-band filter 10 is added in front of a camera lens 7, wherein the central wavelength is 450nm, and the bandwidth is 20 nm.
Light on the surface of the object to be measured is reflected to the left plane mirror 3 and the right plane mirror 4, and light rays reflected by the left plane mirror 3 and the right plane mirror 4 are respectively reflected to the left surface and the right surface of the double prism 5; the double prisms 5 are used for imaging the light rays reflected by the left plane mirror 3 and the right plane mirror 4 on the sensor plane respectively after passing through the photosensitive lens, two images are actually presented on the image sensor, the light of the measured object reflected by the left plane mirror 3 is a left image, and the light of the measured object reflected by the right plane mirror 4 is a right image.
The testing principle of the single-camera three-dimensional deformation field testing device based on the digital correlation method is that high-temperature random speckles are directly manufactured on the surface of a tested object, an image sensor collects images with speckle information, and three-dimensional digital image correlation algorithm is used for calculating the deformation field of the surface of a test piece after the technologies of filtering, image reconstruction and the like.
The measuring device comes out of the cable outlet 19 through the wire outlet 9 by using a network cable, is connected with a graphic workstation for testing, and needs power supply for working.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
1) calibrating parameters of a measuring device in advance:
selecting a flat checkerboard or a flat dot calibration board with a proper size; secondly, collecting a series of images of translation, in-plane rotation and out-of-plane rotation of the calibration plate; dividing an acquired picture into a left part and a right part, and dividing the image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures; fourthly, carrying out calibration operation on the images which are divided into left and right images, and determining calibration parameters of the measuring device to finish a calibration program;
2) checking a power supply and thermal protection system of the measuring device, and eliminating faults;
3) applying a small voltage of 20V to the heater, debugging a heating system, and checking whether the measuring device is normal;
4) debugging the temperature control capability of the heater, and determining PID parameters corresponding to each temperature rise rate;
5) placing the measuring device at a position of 10cm of a measured object and fixing the measuring device through a mounting hole;
6) debugging the measuring device;
7) beginning a formal test, raising the temperature at a constant rate, and acquiring images at a constant acquisition frequency by using the device disclosed by the invention;
8) after the image acquisition is finished at different temperatures, the test is finished;
9) the method comprises the following steps of calculating a deformation field of an acquired image through a digital image correlation algorithm: firstly, taking an acquired image of a measured object in an unloaded state as an initial image, and then acquiring a series of images of the measured object at different temperatures as a deformation image; secondly, dividing the collected image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures, namely, regarding the right image part in the left image as nothing; regarding the left image portion in the "right image" as none; thirdly, according to the calibration parameters, image reconstruction operation and displacement field operation are carried out on the images which are divided into left and right images; and fourthly, calculating a strain field according to the difference of the displacement field.
In the embodiment, strain field distribution of the four-point bending beam standard test piece along the length direction of the beam at normal temperature is shown in fig. 5, fig. 6 is that the measured result of the measuring device is compared with a normal-temperature strain gauge, and digital images at different temperatures are collected to perform digital image correlation calculation, so that deformation fields at different temperatures can be obtained.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional deformation field measuring device is characterized in that the main structure of the measuring device comprises a light splitting path system and a camera system; the light splitting path system consists of an LED light source, a left plane mirror, a right plane mirror, a double prism and a light splitting path integrated shell; the camera system consists of a camera lens, a CCD camera, a camera shell and a wire outlet; in the light splitting path system, a left plane mirror is positioned inside the left side of a light splitting path integrated shell, a right plane mirror is positioned inside the right side of the light splitting path integrated shell, a double prism is positioned between the left plane mirror and the right plane mirror, and an LED light source is positioned in the middle of a rectangular outer frame of the light splitting path integrated shell; the CCD camera in the camera system is positioned at the rear part of the camera shell and is connected with the camera shell through a screw; the camera lens passes through the screw thread and directly is connected with the CCD camera, and the electric wire export is located the outside left side of camera shell, the integrated shell of light splitting path passes through threaded connection with the camera shell.
2. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device further comprises a thermal protection system, the thermal protection system is located outside the measuring device and is composed of a water cooling system and a gas cooling system, the water cooling system comprises a water cooling shell a, a water cooling shell b, a water cooling shell c, a water cooling circulation inlet, a water cooling circulation outlet and a flow deflector, water enters the water cooling shell c, the water cooling shell b and the water cooling shell a from the water cooling circulation inlet in sequence, and the flow deflector is used for dividing water into an inlet part and a outlet part for circulation; the gas cooling system comprises a gas cooling circulation inlet, a gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe and a gas cooling circulation outlet, nitrogen enters the interlayer of the light splitting integrated shell from the gas cooling circulation inlet through the gas inlet pipe and is discharged from the gas cooling circulation outlet through the gas outlet pipe from a gas hole at the other end of the light splitting integrated shell, and the gas cooling system cools the semi-reflecting and semi-permeable filter; the front end of the light splitting path integrated shell is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell a through a circle of screw; the light splitting path integrated shell is connected with the camera shell through threads; the rear end of the camera shell is connected with the rear end of the water-cooling shell b through a positioning screw; the rear end of the water-cooling shell a is connected with the front end of the water-cooling shell b through a circle of screw; the rear end of the water-cooling shell b is connected with the water-cooling shell c through a circle of screw.
3. The measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the LED light source 1 is a blue light source with a wavelength of 450 nm.
4. The measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the optical splitting system further comprises a semi-reflective lens, the semi-reflective lens being positioned outside the LED light source; the camera system further comprises a narrow-band filter, the narrow-band filter is directly installed on the camera lens, the central wavelength is 450nm, and the bandwidth is 20 nm.
5. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the measuring device is configured to be tested by a network cable exiting a cable exit through a cable exit port connected to a graphics workstation and requiring power from a power source.
6. The measuring device of claim 1, wherein the measurement test procedure of the measuring device comprises the following steps:
1) calibrating the parameters of the measuring device in advance;
2) checking a power supply and thermal protection system of the measuring device, and eliminating faults;
3) applying a small voltage of 20V to the heater, debugging a heating system, and checking whether the measuring device is normal;
4) debugging the temperature control capability of the heater, and determining PID parameters corresponding to each temperature rise rate;
5) placing the measuring device at a position of 10cm of a measured object and fixing the measuring device through a mounting hole;
6) debugging the measuring device;
7) the test is started, the temperature is raised at a constant speed, and the measuring device acquires images at a constant acquisition frequency;
8) after the image acquisition is finished at different temperatures, the test is finished;
9) and carrying out deformation field calculation on the acquired image through a digital image algorithm.
7. The measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the step 1 further comprises the following specific steps:
selecting a flat checkerboard or a flat dot calibration board with a proper size;
collecting a series of images of translation, in-plane rotation and out-of-plane rotation of the calibration plate;
dividing an acquired picture into a left part and a right part, and dividing the image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures;
and fourthly, carrying out calibration operation on the two pictures to determine calibration parameters of the measuring device so as to complete a calibration procedure.
8. The measuring device according to claim 6, wherein the step 9 further comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, taking an acquired image of a measured object in an unloaded state as an initial image, and then taking a series of acquired images of the measured object at different temperatures as a deformation image;
dividing the collected image containing the left part and the right part into two pictures, namely a left image and a right image, and regarding the right image part in the left image as nothing; treating a left image portion in the right image as none;
thirdly, according to the calibration parameters, image reconstruction operation and displacement field operation are carried out on the left image and the right image;
and fourthly, calculating a strain field according to the difference of the displacement field.
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| CN113375583A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-09-10 | 深圳市海塞姆科技有限公司 | Light path system, monocular three-dimensional image acquisition system and three-dimensional strain detection system |
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