CN111978619B - Nano water-saving pipe - Google Patents
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/06—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent
- C08J9/10—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a chemical blowing agent developing nitrogen, the blowing agent being a compound containing a nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond
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- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
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- C08J2423/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of novel nano materials, and mainly relates to a nano water-saving pipe which is prepared according to the following steps: (1) preparing modified porous activated carbon a; (2) preparing high-strength gel b from modified porous activated carbon a, PE plastic, microcrystalline wax, plasticated natural rubber and the like; (3) mixing the high-strength gel b, lignosulfonate and foaming agent, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating to expand to obtain the high-strength gel. The invention has better tensile strength and impact strength, deformation resistance, wherein the deformation resistance is more obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of novel nano materials, and mainly relates to a nano water-saving pipe.
Background
At present, irrigation modes of farmlands, fruit trees, greenhouses, urban greenbelts and the like in China all have the defect of wasting water resources. Meanwhile, a plurality of devices used in irrigation technology are complex and troublesome to implement, and bring inconvenience to farmland cultivation and agricultural technology maintenance.
The nanometer water-saving pipe is invented by Qincabin in Shenzhen city of Guangdong province, the application number is CN201310027637.5, the nanometer water-saving pipe is made by adopting modified plastic particles to be extruded and molded at least by an extruder and then heated, inflated and expanded, and nanometer water seepage holes are formed on the pipe wall; the modified plastic particles comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60% of polypropylene, 10-15% of nano calcium carbonate, 12-15% of white carbon black, 1-5% of a water permeable agent, 5-15% of mica particles, 2-10% of an antioxidant, 2-5% of a light stabilizer and 2-5% of petroleum resin, and mixing and granulating the components to form the modified plastic particles; the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: preparing modified plastic particles, extruding and molding, heating, inflating and expanding and the like; the wall or wall of the produced nanometer water-saving pipe or the nanometer water-saving device is provided with a plurality of nanometer water seepage holes which can be buried underground for use, thereby effectively solving the irrigation problem of crops, saving a large amount of water resources, controlling the water seepage amount by controlling the pressure of water, having extremely low water content on the surface layer of the ground, avoiding the propagation of crop pests and improving the yield and the quality of crops. However, the water-saving pipe obtained by the invention is mainly prepared by mixing inorganic minerals, resin and the like, has small strength and hardness and larger weight, and is not suitable for large-scale popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a nano water-saving pipe which has the advantages of good water seepage rate, long service life and high strength.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nanometer water-saving pipe is prepared according to the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding activated carbon, sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride uniformly, roasting at high temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 2-4 h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 6.8-7.2, drying, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously adding maleic anhydride, reacting at 150-200 ℃ for 10-20 h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, cleaning with toluene and methanol, and drying at 50-70 ℃ for 8-12 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
the activated carbon can generate rich pore structures after being roasted by sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride, can be graphitized, can load an active zinc element in the pores of the activated carbon, and then is modified by maleic anhydride to graft maleic anhydride on the surface of the activated carbon, so that the activated carbon carbide and a subsequently formed water-saving pipe have strong adhesion, and substances such as the activated carbon and the like are prevented from being separated out in the process of preparing the nano water-saving pipe.
(2) Mixing the modified porous activated carbon a, PE plastic, microcrystalline wax and plasticated natural rubber for rubber mixing to obtain a rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to 243 ℃ of the supercritical point of absolute ethanol and to more than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain a high-strength gel b.
The supercritical drying of the absolute ethyl alcohol is to reduce the structural damage of the sizing material and obtain the high-strength gel b with rich and uniform pore structure inside, and the pore structure is difficult to damage in the subsequent foaming agent expansion process, so that the finally obtained nano water-saving pipe has rich and uniform nano structures.
(3) Mixing the high-strength gel b, lignosulfonate and foaming agent, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating to expand to obtain the high-strength gel.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the activated carbon, the sodium hydroxide, the zinc chloride and the maleic anhydride in the step (1) is 1 (0.5-1): 0.1-0.3): 0.5-1 in sequence.
Further, the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle in the step (1) is 1-3 MPa.
Further, the mass ratio of the modified porous active carbon a, the PE plastic, the microcrystalline wax and the plasticated natural rubber in the step (2) is 1 (36-50): (0.3-0.6): 3-5 in sequence.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the high-strength gel b, the lignosulfonate and the foaming agent in the step (3) is 100 (1-5) to (1-3) in sequence.
Experiments prove that the modified porous activated carbon a prepared in the step (1) is added into the sizing material of the nano water-saving pipe, so that the strength of the pipe can be enhanced, and the heat insulation property is high.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the nano water-saving pipe prepared by the method has high strength, flame resistance and high toughness.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1A Nano Water-saving pipe
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding 10g of activated carbon, 8g of sodium hydroxide and 2g of zinc chloride uniformly, roasting at high temperature of 600 ℃ for 3h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 7.0, drying, adding into a 2MPa high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously adding 7g of maleic anhydride, reacting at 170 ℃ for 15h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, cleaning with toluene and methanol, and drying at 60 ℃ for 10h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
(2) selecting 10g of modified porous activated carbon a, 44g of PE plastic, 5g of microcrystalline wax and 40g of plasticated natural rubber, mixing and rubber mixing (the rubber mixing temperature is 200 ℃) to obtain rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to enable the temperature and the pressure in the kettle to reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and be more than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain high-strength gel b.
(3) Selecting 100g of high-strength gel b, 3g of lignosulfonate and 2g of ACY-2 foaming agent, mixing, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating for expansion to obtain the gel.
Embodiment 2 a nanometer water-saving pipe
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding 10g of activated carbon, 5g of sodium hydroxide and 3g of zinc chloride uniformly, roasting at high temperature of 500 ℃ for 4h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 6.8, adding into a 3MPa high-pressure reaction kettle after drying, continuously adding 5g of maleic anhydride, reacting at 200 ℃ for 10h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, cleaning with toluene and methanol, and drying at 70 ℃ for 8h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
(2) selecting 10g of modified porous activated carbon a, 50g of PE plastic, 3g of microcrystalline wax and 50g of plasticated natural rubber, mixing and rubber mixing (the rubber mixing temperature is 200 ℃) to obtain rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to enable the temperature and the pressure in the kettle to reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and be higher than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain high-strength gel b.
(3) Selecting 100g of high-strength gel b, 1g of lignosulfonate and 3g of ACY-2 foaming agent, mixing, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating for expansion to obtain the gel.
Example 3A nanometer Water-saving pipe
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding 10g of activated carbon, 10g of sodium hydroxide and 1g of zinc chloride uniformly, roasting at high temperature of 700 ℃ for 2h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 7.2, drying, adding into a 1MPa high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously adding 10g of maleic anhydride, reacting at 150 ℃ for 20h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, cleaning with toluene and methanol, and drying at 50 ℃ for 12h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
(2) selecting 10g of modified porous activated carbon a, 36g of PE plastic, 6g of microcrystalline wax and 30g of plasticated natural rubber, mixing and rubber mixing (the rubber mixing temperature is 200 ℃) to obtain rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to enable the temperature and the pressure in the kettle to reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and be more than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain high-strength gel b.
(3) Selecting 100g of high-strength gel b, 5g of lignosulfonate and 1g of ACY-2 foaming agent, mixing, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating for expansion to obtain the gel.
Comparative example 1 nanometer water-saving pipe
The activated carbon in example 1 is only subjected to high temperature treatment, and is specifically prepared according to the following steps:
(1) grinding 10g of activated carbon uniformly, roasting at a high temperature of 600 ℃ for 3h in vacuum, cooling, mixing with 44g of PE plastic, 5g of microcrystalline wax and 40g of plasticated natural rubber for rubber mixing (the rubber mixing temperature is 200 ℃), putting the obtained rubber material into an ethanol autoclave, sealing and heating the autoclave until the temperature and the pressure in the autoclave reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and are higher than 6.3MPa, preserving heat for 10h, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain the high-strength gel b.
(2) Selecting 100g of high-strength gel b, 3g of lignosulfonate and 2g of ACY-2 foaming agent, mixing, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating for expansion to obtain the gel.
Comparative example 1 the mixing process of the activated carbon after high temperature treatment with other raw materials is more difficult than the mixing process of the modified porous activated carbon a with other raw materials in examples 1-3, because the surface of the modified porous activated carbon a is loaded with zinc element, which can improve the surface activity of the activated carbon, and can be better combined with the activated carbon in the grafting reaction with maleic anhydride, and the maleic anhydride grafting group continuously reacts with rubber or plastic to enable the better combination, while the activated carbon directly used in comparative example 1 reacts with rubber or plastic, and the mixing cannot be rapidly uniform due to the difficulty in combining inorganic substances with organic substances.
Comparative example 2 nanometer water-saving pipe
The activated carbon in the example 1 is subjected to zinc chloride removal, and is directly reacted with sodium hydroxide, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding 10g of activated carbon and 8g of sodium hydroxide uniformly, roasting at the high temperature of 600 ℃ for 3h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 7.0, drying, adding into a 2MPa high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously adding 7g of maleic anhydride, reacting at 170 ℃ for 15h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, washing with toluene and methanol, and drying at 60 ℃ for 10h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
(2) selecting 10g of modified porous activated carbon a, 44g of PE plastic, 5g of microcrystalline wax and 40g of plasticated natural rubber, mixing and rubber mixing (the rubber mixing temperature is 200 ℃) to obtain rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to enable the temperature and the pressure in the kettle to reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and be more than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain high-strength gel b.
(3) Selecting 100g of high-strength gel b, 3g of lignosulfonate and 2g of ACY-2 foaming agent, mixing, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating for expansion to obtain the gel.
Test example 1 Water permeation Effect
The test method comprises the following steps: the nanometer water-saving pipes (with the radius of 15 cm) of the examples 1-3 are buried in the agricultural soil for 70cm, then clear water is introduced, the water content of the soil at the position 20cm underground is tested under the water pressure of 0.2MPa, and after the water is introduced, the test is carried outWater passing time T required by 60% of soil water content at 20cm underground0And the change in water content at different times after reaching 60% water content, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Water passage time H0Change in water content
As can be seen from Table 1, when the soil moisture content reaches 60%, the internal pressure of the soil changes, and the soil can be balanced with the pressure in the pipe, so that the humidity is kept stable.
Test example 2 Strength and deformation resistance test
The test method comprises the following steps: the nano water-saving pipes (radius 15 cm, thickness 3 mm) obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 were subjected to tensile strength and impact strength tests (according to national standards), and the results are shown in Table 2:
and (3) deformation resistance test: the nanometer water-saving pipe is placed on a flat plate, then a flat plate is placed above the pipe, a vertical downward force is applied in the positive pipe punching direction above the flat plate, and the pressure value (deformation resistance value) applied when the diameter of the pipe is shortened by 8% is tested, as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 tensile and impact strength, deformation resistance test
As can be seen from Table 2, the present invention has better tensile strength and impact strength, and deformation resistance, wherein the deformation resistance is more remarkable.
Claims (3)
1. The nanometer water-saving pipe is characterized by being prepared according to the following steps:
(1) mixing and grinding activated carbon, sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride uniformly, roasting at high temperature of 500-700 ℃ for 2-4 h in vacuum, washing with a hydrochloric acid solution after cooling until the pH value is 6.8-7.2, drying, adding into a high-pressure reaction kettle, continuously adding maleic anhydride, reacting at 150-200 ℃ for 10-20 h after sealing, cooling the obtained product, cleaning with toluene and methanol, and drying at 50-70 ℃ for 8-12 h in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain modified porous activated carbon a;
(2) mixing modified porous activated carbon a, PE plastic, microcrystalline wax and plasticated natural rubber for rubber mixing to obtain a rubber material, putting the rubber material into an ethanol high-pressure kettle, sealing the high-pressure kettle, raising the temperature to enable the temperature and the pressure in the kettle to reach the supercritical point 243 ℃ of absolute ethanol and be more than 6.3MPa, keeping the temperature for 10 hours, slowly discharging the absolute ethanol, and naturally cooling to obtain a high-strength gel b;
(3) mixing the high-strength gel b, lignosulfonate and foaming agent, extruding and molding by an extruder, and heating and inflating to expand to obtain the high-strength gel;
the mass ratio of the activated carbon, the sodium hydroxide, the zinc chloride and the maleic anhydride in the step (1) is 1 (0.5-1) to 0.1-0.3 to 0.5-1 in sequence;
in the step (2), the mass ratio of the modified porous activated carbon a to the PE plastic to the microcrystalline wax to the plasticated natural rubber is 1: 4.4: 0.5: 4 or 1: 5: 0.3: 5 or 1: 3.6: 0.6: 3;
in the step (3), the mass ratio of the high-strength gel b to the lignosulfonate to the foaming agent is 100 (1-5) to 1-3 in sequence.
2. The nanometer water-saving pipe according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the high-pressure reaction kettle in the step (1) is 1-3 MPa.
3. The nanometer water-saving pipe according to claim 1, wherein the foaming agent is an ACY-2 foaming agent.
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CN1986626A (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2007-06-27 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | No-blocking filtering irrigation rubber-plastic pipe and its production process |
CN101152639B (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-05-19 | 台州标新铝塑工业有限公司 | Micropore infiltrating tube manufacture method and product therefor |
CN101112984A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2008-01-30 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing activated charcoal by using discarded jatropha curcas husk |
CN103158263A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-19 | 秦佳滨 | Processing technology of nano-water saving pipe |
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