CN111742748B - Biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0291—Planting receptacles specially adapted for remaining in the soil after planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biodegradable materials, and discloses preparation and application of a biodegradable nutrition pot of a boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer. The invention prepares boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batches, then prepares a biodegradable nutrition pot with other raw materials such as phosphate fertilizer, biodegradable resin and the like, utilizes borax, urea and polyvinyl alcohol to carry out physical crosslinking to form a three-dimensional network structure, regulates and controls the slow release behavior of the boron fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer in the nutrition pot through the crosslinking degree, and provides the phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer for the later growth of plants. And meanwhile, the phosphate fertilizer outside the master batch is compounded with the water-soluble starch, so that the growth of roots at the early stage of seedlings is promoted. Therefore, the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the invention can meet the nutrient requirements of plants at different growth stages, can be applied to development of agricultural seedling raising containers such as seedling raising bags, seedling raising hole trays, compressed seedling raising blocks and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biodegradable materials, and particularly relates to preparation and application of a biodegradable nutrition pot for a boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer.
Background
In the modern agricultural seedling raising industry, the container seedling raising technology is a seedling raising mode generally adopted by people at present due to the characteristics of high efficiency, convenience, high survival rate and the like. The seedling raising container is used as a carrier for seedling raising in a container seedling raising technology, and plays an indispensable important role. At present, most seedling raising containers are prepared by using petroleum-based non-degradable plastics such as Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Polystyrene (PS) and the like as raw materials. However, the non-degradable plastic seedling raising containers have poor air permeability and water permeability, high strength and high toughness, influence the development of crop roots and are not beneficial to the growth and development of seedlings; secondly, the plastic seedling raising container is difficult to degrade under natural conditions, the plastic seedling raising container remains in soil to influence soil quality, and the generated plastic wastes are accumulated in the soil to cause serious pollution to the ecological environment, thereby causing serious threats to the sustainable development of agriculture and human health; in addition, the existing seedling culture container needs to be transplanted by transferring seedlings when being planted, so that the roots are easily damaged, and the growth and survival rate of seedlings are affected.
The biodegradable seedling raising container can thoroughly solve the problems of root nesting, root skewness, root rarefaction, root rot and the like caused by the fact that a plant root system cannot penetrate through the container wall in the seedling raising process of the traditional plastic seedling raising container, improves the seedling raising survival rate and is beneficial to ensuring the later growth quality of crops; meanwhile, the functional biodegradable seedling raising container can effectively solve the problems of weak seedlings, dead seedlings, short seedlings and the like caused by poor root system growth environment, and improve various resistances and growth speeds in the plant cultivation process; in addition, the seedlings cultured by the biodegradable seedling culture container do not need to be manually transplanted, the device and the seedlings can be synchronously transplanted for culture, and the working efficiency of the seedling transplanting process is effectively improved. China also has related patent reports in the aspect of degradable seedling raising containers in recent years. Patent 201110346872.X adopts natural starch as adhesive base material, and performs slight gelatinization, oxidation and modification treatment on the adhesive, so that the prepared adhesive still has strong biodegradability. Patent CN201510169640.X mixes the straw after will smashing and animal manure natural pond liquid for the feed liquid, stirs to gluing thick, and sealed the fermentation that carries on, through the novel degradable seedling pot that grows seedlings of compression molding preparation, this seedling pot can be degraded, and as base fertilizer after decomposing, improve the soil structure, need not add chemical binder. Patent CN201910100566.4 air-dries and crushes crop straws to prepare processing raw materials, the processing raw materials are mixed with liquid adhesive according to the mass ratio of 1:1, then the mixture is fully stirred and mixed by a stirrer, the water content of the mixed material is controlled within a specified range, so as to form a prefabricated mixed material, then the prefabricated mixed material is poured into a preset mold of a hot-press molding machine, under the action of certain molding pressure, temperature and time, the prefabricated mixed material is hot-pressed to form a seedling substrate basin blank, and the seedling substrate basin finished product is obtained after surface treatment. Patent CN201610152691.6 provides a degradable seedling raising plug tray, which is composed of deinked paper pulp, plant fiber and adhesive, wherein the mass ratio of the deinked paper pulp to the plant fiber to the adhesive is (60-80): 20-40): 0-2, and the plant fiber is selected from one or more than two of straw, giant reed, reed and wheat straw. The applicant's prior patent 201811219216.1 provides a container for growing seedlings based on the above water-soluble porous fully biodegradable composite material for making containers for growing seedlings.
However, the above patents only report the preparation and application of the degradable seedling raising container, how to compound the biodegradable material and the targeted maintenance functional element to prepare the biodegradable seedling raising container with the functions of resisting insects, preventing diseases, activating soil, promoting roots and the like, and the integration of first-breeding and then-breeding, targeted release and maintenance has important scientific value and practical significance. Composite bacterial mud and paecilomyces lilacinus are respectively introduced into patents CN201710426838.0 and CN201310181165.9 to strengthen and strengthen seedlings, but microorganisms cannot resist high temperature in the wet pressing process of the seedling pot, can only be naturally dried, and are long in operation time, low in efficiency and not beneficial to large-scale industrialization.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a biodegradable nutrition pot for a boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow release compound fertilizer, which has the functions of first breeding and then breeding, targeted release, integrated breeding and the like.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron nitrogen phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer.
The invention further aims to provide application of the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron nitrogen phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biodegradable nutrition pot for a boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass:
the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30-70 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate), 10-25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-10 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of urea and 10-30 parts of plasticizer A.
Preferably, the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30-60 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate), 15-25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-8 parts of borax, 1-8 parts of urea and 10-25 parts of plasticizer A.
More preferably, the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch comprises the following components in parts by mass: 35-60 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate), 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-6 parts of borax, 2-8 parts of urea and 10-20 parts of plasticizer A.
Preferably, the plasticizer a may include at least one of glycerin, triethylene glycol, and the like.
The boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch can be prepared by the following steps: mixing the poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, borax, urea and plasticizer A according to a proportion, extruding and granulating to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
Preferably, the mixing can be performed by a high-speed mixer, and specifically comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer in proportion, stirring at the stirring speed of 50-200r/min at normal temperature for 2-5min, and naturally cooling.
Preferably, the extrusion granulation specifically comprises the following steps: adding the mixed raw materials into a double-screw extruder, blending and extruding, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface. Preferably, the extrusion temperature is 145-170 ℃.
The biodegradable resin is preferably 10-40 parts of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate) and 10-60 parts of polylactic acid in parts by mass; more preferably 25-40 parts of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate) and 15-55 parts of polylactic acid; most preferably 30-40 parts of polybutylene adipate/terephthalate and 20-40 parts of polylactic acid.
Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of the poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate) is 30-120 kDa; the weight average molecular weight of the polylactic acid is 10-100 kDa.
Preferably, the plant fiber powder can comprise at least one of corn straw powder, corn cob powder, wheat straw powder, rice straw powder, bamboo powder, rice hull powder, peanut hull powder, wood powder, sugar cane slag powder and the like; the mesh number of the plant fiber powder can be 200 meshes and 800 meshes.
Preferably, the starch may comprise at least one of water-soluble starch, thermoplastic water-soluble starch.
Preferably, the inorganic filler may include at least one of light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, wollastonite, potassium titanate, barium titanate, mica, and the like.
Preferably, the antioxidant is an antioxidant conventionally used in the art, and may include at least one of antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 2112, antioxidant BHT, antioxidant 618, antioxidant 626, and the like.
Preferably, the plasticizer B may include at least one of polyethylene glycol, epoxidized soybean oil, acetyl tributyl citrate, glycerin, triethylene glycol, and the like.
Preferably, the release agent may include at least one of talc, white carbon, stearic acid, ethylene bis stearamide polyethylene wax, and the like.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron nitrogen phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch with biodegradable resin, plant fiber powder, starch, diammonium phosphate, inorganic filler, antioxidant, plasticizer B and mold release agent in proportion, and extruding and granulating to obtain a composite material;
(2) and (3) performing injection molding on the composite material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the biodegradable nutrition pot of the boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the mixing in step (1) may be performed by a high-speed mixer, and specifically includes the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer in proportion, stirring at the stirring speed of 50-200r/min at normal temperature for 2-5min, and naturally cooling.
Preferably, the extrusion granulation in step (1) may specifically include the following steps: adding the mixed raw materials into a double-screw extruder, blending and extruding, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface. Preferably, the extrusion temperature is 145-170 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), an injection molding machine can be adopted for injection molding, and the nutrition pot is prepared through a mold; the injection temperature is preferably 150-180 ℃.
The biodegradable nutrition pot of the boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow release compound fertilizer can improve the strength, hardness, plasticity, toughness and the like of the composite material as required, and various applicable auxiliary agents can be added in the processing process as long as the auxiliary agents do not obviously bring adverse effects on the material of the invention. The additives include, but are not limited to, blowing agents, compatibilizers, crosslinking agents, coupling agents, light stabilizers, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, toughening agents, reinforcing agents, nucleating agents, and any combination thereof.
The invention prepares boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batches, then prepares a biodegradable nutrition pot with other raw materials such as phosphate fertilizer, biodegradable resin and the like, utilizes borax, urea and polyvinyl alcohol to carry out physical crosslinking to form a three-dimensional network structure, regulates and controls the slow release behavior of the boron fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer in the nutrition pot through the crosslinking degree, and provides the phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer for the later growth of plants. And meanwhile, the phosphate fertilizer outside the master batch is compounded with the water-soluble starch, so that the growth of roots at the early stage of seedlings is promoted. Therefore, the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer prepared by the invention can meet the nutrient requirements of plants at different growth stages, can be applied to development of agricultural seedling raising containers such as seedling raising bags, seedling raising hole trays, compressed seedling raising blocks and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) nitrogen is a basic nutrient element required by plant growth and reproduction, and the application of a nitrogen fertilizer is a necessary procedure in the planting process, but the nitrogen fertilizer has an unstable existing form in soil, mainly exists in the form of nitrate and ammonia, is easy to eluviate and volatilize under rainwater and sunlight, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is not more than 40%.
(2) The borax adopted by the invention not only can be used as a cross-linking agent and a polyvinyl alcohol coated nitrogen fertilizer, but also can be used as a boron fertilizer to participate in the growth and development of plants. The boron fertilizer can promote plants to blossom and fruit, can also improve the photosynthetic utilization rate of the plants, increases the chlorophyll content of leaves, and makes green leaf ornamental plants more beautiful, but the demand of the plants on boron element is low, and the phenomenon of 'seedling burning' can be caused if the boron fertilizer is excessively applied. When the polyvinyl alcohol is slowly degraded in the nutrition pot prepared by the invention, the boron crosslinked with the polyvinyl alcohol is slowly released, and the plants are just promoted to have luxuriant foliage after the plants have spent the seedling stage.
(3) The nutrition pot prepared by the invention adopts a design of releasing boron nitrogen phosphate fertilizer in sections so as to adapt to different nutrient requirements of plants at different growth stages. Firstly, phosphate fertilizer without envelope is released, so that the demand for phosphorus is vigorous in the seedling stage of plants, and the root development of seedlings can be promoted; then releasing the coated nitrogen to meet the nutrient requirement of the plants in the vegetative growth stage; finally, releasing boron element crosslinked with polyvinyl alcohol to promote plants to bloom and bear fruits and have luxuriant branches and leaves.
(4) According to the invention, the degradable nutrition pot is prepared by compounding the boron fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer and the biodegradable resin, the slow release behavior of the boron fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer in the nutrition pot is regulated and controlled through the crosslinking degree of the borax and the polyvinyl alcohol, the content of the slow and controlled release compound fertilizer in the nutrition pot can be regulated, and the nutrient requirement of the whole growth cycle of crops can be met after the nutrition pot is transplanted with soil.
(5) No waste gas, waste water and waste residue are discharged in the production, which is beneficial to environmental protection and is a novel green high-efficiency product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the nutrition bowl of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a contact angle test chart of the sample of example 2.
FIG. 3 is a water absorption test chart of the sample of example 2 at different time periods.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the analysis of the glass transition temperature and the crystalline melting temperature of a sample measured by differential scanning calorimetry in example 3.
FIG. 5 is a SEM cross-sectional profile of the sample of example 4.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the appearance of pellets in example 5.
FIG. 7 is an appearance diagram of the nutrition bowl of example 5.
FIG. 8 is the appearance of tomato seedlings cultivated in the nutrition pots in example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated. The dosage of each component is g and mL in parts by mass and volume.
Example 1: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) According to the mass parts, 70 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate, 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts of borax, 3 parts of urea and 10 parts of glycerol are added into a high-speed mixer, stirred at the stirring speed of 50r/min for 2min at normal temperature, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 145 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 20 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 30 kDa), 30 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 5 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of plant fiber powder, 15 parts of starch, 25 parts of boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer, 1 part of light calcium carbonate, 1 part of mica, 10101 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of polyethylene glycol and 1 part of talcum powder are added into a mixer, stirred at the stirring speed of 50r/min at normal temperature for 5min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 150 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 150 ℃.
The granulated material is added into an injection molding machine, a standard tensile sample strip is prepared by stretching a sample strip forming die, the measured tensile strength is 25MPa, and the mechanical strength requirement of the biodegradable nutrition pot can be met, as shown in figure 1, the mechanism of the nutrition pot is schematically illustrated.
Example 2: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) Adding 50 parts of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate), 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 parts of borax, 5 parts of urea, 10 parts of glycerol and 10 parts of triethylene glycol into a high-speed mixer, stirring at the stirring speed of 100r/min at normal temperature for 3min, and naturally cooling to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 150 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 30 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 50 kDa), 40 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 50 kDa), 8 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of plant fiber powder, 10 parts of starch, 10 parts of boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer, 3 parts of ground calcium carbonate, 2 parts of wollastonite, 21120.5 parts of antioxidant, 2 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate and 0.5 part of white carbon black are added into a mixer, stirred at the stirring speed of 80r/min at normal temperature for 4min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 155 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 160 ℃.
The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the surface of the sample in the embodiment is tested by using a contact angle tester, the average contact angle of the sample is 99.4 degrees, and as shown in fig. 2, the sample presents certain hydrophobicity, can reduce the diffusion rate of water molecules, and is beneficial to the sustained and controlled release of nutrients.
The granulated material prepared in the embodiment is processed into 6 groups of sample bars with the size of 4cm multiplied by 2cm multiplied by 1mm, the sample bars are placed in a constant temperature and humidity box, the temperature is 30 ℃, the humidity is 90%, the water absorption rate of the sample bars in different time periods within 15 days is measured, the result is shown in figure 3, the water absorption rate of the sample bars at the 7 th day reaches more than 7%, and then the water absorption rate tends to be balanced, so the sample in the embodiment has lower water absorption rate, and the sustained and controlled release of nutrients is facilitated.
Example 3: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) According to the mass parts, 30 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate, 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of borax, 7 parts of urea and 15 parts of triethylene glycol are added into a high-speed mixer, stirred at the stirring speed of 150r/min at normal temperature for 4min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 160 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 40 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (weight average molecular weight is 90 kDa), 10 parts of polylactic acid (weight average molecular weight is 100 kDa), 5 parts of plant fiber powder, 10 parts of starch, 10 parts of boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer, 1 part of wollastonite, 3 parts of potassium titanate, 6 parts of barium titanate, 1 part of antioxidant BHT, 2 parts of glycerol, 1 part of triethylene glycol and 1 part of stearic acid are added into a mixer, stirred at the normal temperature for 3min at the stirring speed of 100r/min and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation on the mixture through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 160 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 165 ℃.
The glass transition temperature and the crystal melting temperature of the sample of the present example were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and are shown in fig. 4, where the glass transition temperature of polylactic acid is 55.6 ℃, the cold crystallization peak is 96.4 ℃, and the melting peak is 166.3 ℃, which indicates that the composite material has little influence on the glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the polylactic acid.
Example 4: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) According to the mass portion, 30 portions of poly adipic acid/butylene terephthalate, 25 portions of polyvinyl alcohol, 5 portions of borax, 10 portions of urea, 10 portions of glycerol and 10 portions of triethylene glycol are added into a high-speed mixer, stirred for 5min at normal temperature at the stirring speed of 180r/min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 165 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 10 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 100 kDa), 60 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 10 kDa), 4 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of plant fiber powder, 8 parts of starch, 10 parts of boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer, 1 part of ground limestone, 1 part of wollastonite, 6180.5 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of epoxidized soybean oil, 2 parts of acetyl tributyl citrate, 2 parts of glycerol, 2 parts of triethylene glycol and 0.5 part of ethylene bis stearamide are added into a mixer, stirred at the normal temperature for 3min at the stirring speed of 120r/min and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the mixture through an air-cooled die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 165 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃.
The cross-sectional morphology of the sample of this example was measured by a scanning electron microscope, as shown in fig. 5, after the secondary granulation of the composite boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch, the compatibility with PLA, PBAT base materials was reduced, a heterogeneous system could be seen after blending, and the composite boric acid fertilizer was dispersed in the biodegradable resin continuous phase as a dispersed phase, but the overall dispersion was relatively uniform and the morphology was smooth.
Example 5: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) Adding 35 parts of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate), 12 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts of borax, 4 parts of urea, 15 parts of glycerol and 15 parts of triethylene glycol into a high-speed mixer, stirring at the stirring speed of 200r/min at normal temperature for 3min, and naturally cooling to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 170 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 15 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 60 kDa), 15 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 60 kDa), 10 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of plant fiber powder, 3 parts of starch, 50 parts of boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer, 3 parts of barium titanate, 2 parts of mica, 10100.5 parts of antioxidant, 21120.5 parts of antioxidant, 0.5 part of antioxidant BHT, 1 part of polyethylene glycol, 1 part of epoxidized soybean oil, 1 part of talcum powder and 0.5 part of white carbon black are added into a mixer, stirred at the normal temperature for 2min at the stirring speed of 160r/min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 180 ℃.
The granulation material (see figure 6) is added into an injection molding machine, and a sample is prepared through a self-developed nutrition pot forming mold, as shown in figure 7, the nutrition pot has smooth appearance, regular appearance, certain mechanical strength and better biodegradation performance, and can meet the seedling raising requirements of common crops, and figure 8 shows healthy tomato seedlings cultivated by adopting the nutrition pot.
Example 6: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot for boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) Adding 60 parts of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate), 10 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of borax, 5 parts of urea and 15 parts of glycerol into a high-speed mixer, stirring at the stirring speed of 120r/min for 4min at normal temperature, and naturally cooling to obtain a mixed material. And then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for blending extrusion, and carrying out hot-cutting granulation on the air-cooled die surface at the extrusion temperature of 160 ℃ to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
(2) According to the mass parts, 30 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 30 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 4 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of plant fiber powder, 15 parts of starch, 10 parts of boron-phosphorus compound fertilizer, 9 parts of light calcium carbonate, 10101 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), 6182 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 3.5 parts of glycerol and 0.5 part of polyethylene wax are added into a mixer, stirred at the normal temperature for 2min at the stirring speed of 200r/min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃.
(3) And (3) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (2) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃.
Comparative example 1: preparation of biodegradable bowl without boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer
(1) According to the mass parts, 30 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 30 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 10 parts of plant fiber powder, 15 parts of starch, 9 parts of light calcium carbonate, 10101 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of antioxidant BHT, 6182 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 3.5 parts of glycerol and 0.5 part of polyethylene wax are added into a mixer, stirred at the stirring speed of 200r/min at normal temperature for 2min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃.
(2) And (2) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (1) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃.
Comparative example 2: preparation of biodegradable nutrition pot of boron nitrogen phosphorus compound fertilizer without slow release function
(1) According to the mass parts, 30 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 30 parts of polylactic acid (with the weight-average molecular weight of 80 kDa), 10 parts of borax, 5 parts of urea, 4 parts of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of plant fiber powder, 15 parts of starch, 9 parts of light calcium carbonate, 10101 parts of antioxidant, 1 part of antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), 6182 parts of antioxidant, 3 parts of epoxidized soybean oil, 3.5 parts of glycerol and 0.5 part of polyethylene wax are added into a mixer, stirred at the normal temperature for 2min at the stirring speed of 200r/min, and naturally cooled to obtain a mixed material. Then adding the mixture into a double-screw extruder for secondary blending extrusion, and carrying out hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface, wherein the extrusion temperature is 170 ℃.
(2) And (2) adding the extruded and granulated material obtained in the step (1) into an injection molding machine, and preparing a sample through a mold, wherein the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃.
Pepper seeds were grown using 25 pots per group and 2 seeds per pot using the pots prepared in example 6 and comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively. And counting the germination rate after germination. The height of each plant was measured for 7 days and 14 days after germination, and the growth was followed. And transplanting pepper seedlings and the nutrition pots into soil for field planting after the pepper seedlings bud for 14 days, measuring the height of each plant after the pepper seedlings bud for 60 days, and calculating the fruit number of each pepper and the yield of each pepper in the mature period of the pepper, wherein the results are shown in table 1. Compared with a comparative example, the nutrition pot of the embodiment 6 can obviously improve the germination rate of pepper seeds and the seedling heights of 7 days and 15 days, which shows that the biodegradable nutrition pot of the boron nitrogen phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer can be used as an excellent seedling culture container; compared with a comparative example, the nutrition pot in the example 6 can obviously improve the plant height and the fruit yield of the pepper in 60 days, and the mode of releasing nutrients in a segmented mode in the nutrition pot in the example 6 can better adapt to different nutrient requirements of plants in different growth stages.
TABLE 1 Effect of example and comparative example propagules on Pepper growth and yield
| Germination rate/% | 7 balance average plant height/cm | 15 balance average plant height/ |
60 balance average plant height/cm | Average number of fruits per plant | Average yield per gram | |
| Comparative example 1 | 80 | 4.1 | 11.3 | 42.4 | 26.7 | 376.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 82 | 4.5 | 12.1 | 46.2 | 38.2 | 578.2 |
| Example 6 | 96 | 6.3 | 15.8 | 48.5 | 43.6 | 664.1 |
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A biodegradable nutrition pot for a boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch is prepared by the following steps of: 30-70 parts of poly (butylene adipate)/terephthalate, 10-25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1-10 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of urea and 10-30 parts of plasticizer A, and extruding and granulating to obtain the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batch.
2. The biodegradable nutrition pot for boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer as defined in claim 1, wherein: the biodegradable resin comprises 10-40 parts by mass of poly (butylene adipate/terephthalate) and 10-60 parts by mass of polylactic acid.
3. The biodegradable nutrition pot for boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer as defined in claim 1, wherein: the plant fiber powder comprises at least one of corn straw powder, corncob powder, wheat straw powder, rice straw powder, bamboo powder, rice hull powder, peanut hull powder, wood powder and sugarcane residue powder;
the starch comprises at least one of water-soluble starch and thermoplastic water-soluble starch;
the inorganic filler comprises at least one of light calcium carbonate, heavy calcium carbonate, wollastonite, potassium titanate, barium titanate and mica.
4. The preparation method of the biodegradable nutrition pot for boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer according to the claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing the boron-nitrogen compound fertilizer master batches with biodegradable resin, plant fiber powder, starch, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, inorganic filler, antioxidant, plasticizer B and a mold release agent in proportion, and extruding and granulating to obtain a composite material;
(2) and (3) performing injection molding on the composite material obtained in the step (1) to obtain the biodegradable nutrition pot of the boron-nitrogen-phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer.
5. The preparation method of the biodegradable nutrition pot for boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that the mixing in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer in proportion, stirring at the stirring speed of 50-200r/min at normal temperature for 2-5min, and naturally cooling.
6. The preparation method of the biodegradable nutrition pot for boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that the extrusion granulation in the step (1) specifically comprises the following steps: adding the mixed raw materials into a double-screw extruder for blending and extrusion, and performing hot cutting granulation through an air cooling die surface; the extrusion temperature is 145-170 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the biodegradable nutrition pot for the boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), an injection molding machine is adopted for injection molding, and the nutrition pot is prepared through a mold; the injection molding temperature is 150-180 ℃.
8. The application of the biodegradable nutrition pot of boron, nitrogen and phosphorus slow-release compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in the field of seedling raising containers.
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