CN111972544A - Slow-release pellet feed used in rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Slow-release pellet feed used in rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slow-release pellet feed used in a rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40-50% of protein component composition, 6-8% of grease component composition, 15-25% of starch component composition, 0.5-0.6% of vitamin complex, 0.7-0.8% of compound mineral salt, 20-25% of functional component composition and 1.0-1.5% of biological adhesive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of marine product culture, in particular to a slow-release pellet feed used in a rapid growth period of south-shift stichopus japonicus and a preparation method of the feed.
Background
Stichopus japonicus is one of the economic varieties of the marine aquaculture industry in China. Due to the limitation of natural distribution, the traditional stichopus japonicus culture area in China is mainly concentrated in coastal areas around the peninsulas in Liaodong and Shandong, and other sea cucumber varieties with relatively low economic value are mainly cultured or caught in southern provinces. In recent years, with the increase of market demand and considerable culture benefits, the heat tide of south-transfer culture of stichopus japonicus has arisen in various regions (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like) in the east and south of China. The stichopus japonicus south-shift cultivation refers to stichopus japonicus cultivation and production which is carried out in the non-traditional production area and the natural habitat of stichopus japonicus along the coast of the leading sea in China in the north latitude of 35 degrees. The method solves the problem of slow growth of the stichopus japonicus in winter in the north, and shortens the cultivation and marketing period of the finished stichopus japonicus.
Spring and autumn are the fast growth periods of the stichopus japonicus cultivated in south China, the required amount of the stichopus japonicus to the bait is continuously increased in the period, the natural bait cannot meet the requirements of the growth demand and the production yield, and supplementary feeding is particularly necessary. Meanwhile, the problems of weak physique, high requirements on the nutrient supply level and the supply continuity of the feed and the like of the cultivated stichopus japonicus exist in the early stage of rapid growth (after overwintering and summer sleeping). Aiming at the ecological characteristics of the cultivation in the rapid growth period of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus, the slow-release granular compound feed used in the period is developed to obtain higher growth performance and cultivation yield, and the method is an effective method for improving the cultivation efficiency and economic benefit of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, provides a slow-release pellet feed which can effectively promote the digestion, absorption and utilization of nutrient substances of cultured animals and improve the growth performance, culture yield and economic benefit of the south-shift stichopus japonicus, and also discloses a preparation method of the feed.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus is characterized in that: the feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50% of protein component composition, 6-8% of grease component composition, 15-25% of starch component composition, 0.5-0.6% of vitamin complex, 0.7-0.8% of compound mineral salt, 20-25% of functional component composition and 1.0-1.5% of biological adhesive.
The protein component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 55 percent of protein nutrition enhancing composition, 15 to 25 percent of sargassum fusiforme powder, 5 to 8 percent of laver powder, 15 to 20 percent of suaeda salsa powder, 5 to 6 percent of shrimp head powder and 2 to 3 percent of mussel powder,
and the protein nutrition enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
gracilaria powder, Salicornia bigelovii powder, flounder skirt powder and nereis powder =5:3:2: 2.
The grease component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
the fish oil is palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil =2:3: 1.
The starch component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of bread crumbs, 25-40% of biscuit crumbs and 15-30% of corn germ powder.
The functional component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of cuttlefish viscera dough powder, 2 to 3 percent of soy sauce residue powder, 20 to 25 percent of digestion and absorption promoting composition, 60 to 65 percent of bottom mud powder, 5 to 10 percent of cuttlefish inner shell powder,
the digestion and absorption promoting composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
hawthorn residue powder, orange peel powder, katsumade galangal seed powder =7:3: 2.
The biological adhesive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: and (3) fish scale glue powder, locust bean glue powder =3: 1.
The preparation method of the slow-release pellet feed used for the rapid growth period of the south China Shift stichopus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out ultrafine grinding on solid feed raw materials by 200-300 meshes, stirring the ground raw materials, uniformly mixing, adding 55 ℃ distilled water accounting for 20% of the mass of the solid raw materials to cure the raw materials, adding an oil component accounting for 6-8% of the mass of the solid raw materials in the curing process, wherein the oil component is prepared by mixing fish oil, palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1, continuously stirring uniformly, extruding into a block shape, putting the block shape material into a granulator to prepare cylindrical granulated feed with the diameter of 3-5 mm and the water content of 10-12%, and sealing and packaging to obtain the finished product of the slow-release granulated feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the slow-release pellet feed disclosed by the invention can provide high-level, special and continuous nutrition supply for the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in the rapid growth period of spring and autumn, remarkably improves the growth speed, body wall-weight ratio and other production performances of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in the specific period, and ensures a good breeding production effect in the rapid growth period. The protein nutrition enhancing composition can provide high-level and enhanced nutrition supply for the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in a rapid growth period, and the production performance of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in the period is remarkably improved; the specific composition components are promoted to be digested and absorbed, so that the digestion and absorption capacity of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in the rapid growth period can be obviously enhanced, and the production performance of the cultured animals is promoted to be improved; meanwhile, the specific combination components of the biological adhesive are scientifically mixed and added through biological adhesive, so that the pellet feed disclosed by the invention obtains good slow release performance, the ingestion time of the south stichopus japonicus on the feed is effectively prolonged, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.
The feed disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient in preparation method, and the standardization and operability of the technical process are strong. Good palatability can be achieved through a single curing technology, and the feed has strong food calling effect, so that the gathering property and the tropism of the stichopus japonicus selenka to the feed are obvious. The main raw materials of the feed are pure natural animal and plant components, and the feed does not cause eutrophication or chemical pollution of culture water and surrounding sea areas in the using process, and belongs to green and environment-friendly feed.
Detailed Description
The following will explain specific embodiments of the present invention.
A slow-release pellet feed for a rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50% of protein component composition, 6-8% of grease component composition, 15-25% of starch component composition, 0.5-0.6% of vitamin complex, 0.7-0.8% of compound mineral salt, 20-25% of functional component composition and 1.0-1.5% of biological adhesive.
The protein component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 55 percent of protein nutrition enhancing composition, 15 to 25 percent of sargassum fusiforme powder, 5 to 8 percent of laver powder, 15 to 20 percent of suaeda salsa powder, 5 to 6 percent of shrimp head powder and 2 to 3 percent of mussel powder,
and the protein nutrition enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
gracilaria powder, Salicornia bigelovii powder, flounder skirt powder and nereis powder =5:3:2: 2.
The grease component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
the fish oil is palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil =2:3: 1.
The starch component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of bread crumbs, 25-40% of biscuit crumbs and 15-30% of corn germ powder.
The functional component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of cuttlefish viscera dough powder, 2 to 3 percent of soy sauce residue powder, 20 to 25 percent of digestion and absorption promoting composition, 60 to 65 percent of bottom mud powder, 5 to 10 percent of cuttlefish inner shell powder,
the digestion and absorption promoting composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
hawthorn residue powder, orange peel powder, katsumade galangal seed powder =7:3: 2.
The biological adhesive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: and (3) fish scale glue powder, locust bean glue powder =3: 1.
The preparation method of the slow-release pellet feed used for the rapid growth period of the south China Shift stichopus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out ultrafine grinding on solid feed raw materials by 200-300 meshes, stirring the ground raw materials, uniformly mixing, adding 55 ℃ distilled water accounting for 20% of the mass of the solid raw materials to cure the raw materials, adding an oil component accounting for 6-8% of the mass of the solid raw materials in the curing process, wherein the oil component is prepared by mixing fish oil, palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1, continuously stirring uniformly, extruding into a block shape, putting the block shape material into a granulator to prepare cylindrical granulated feed with the diameter of 3-5 mm and the water content of 10-12%, and sealing and packaging to obtain the finished product of the slow-release granulated feed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
Example 1
The slow release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of the south Shift stichopus japonicus is prepared by preparing the feed according to the mixture ratio of 46 percent of protein component composition, 6.6 percent of grease component composition, 20 percent of starch component composition, 0.5 percent of compound vitamin, 0.7 percent of compound mineral salt, 25 percent of functional component composition and 1.2 percent of biological adhesive component composition.
Wherein the protein component composition comprises: 9% of sargassum fusiforme powder (9% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of laver powder, 6% of suaeda salsa powder, 3% of shrimp head powder, 1% of mussel powder and 24% of protein nutrition enhancing composition, wherein the protein nutrition enhancing composition comprises: gracilaria powder 10%, Salicornia herbacea 6%, flounder skirt powder 4%, and Nereis Japonica powder 4%;
the grease component composition comprises: 2.2% of fish oil (2.2% of the total mass, the same below), 3.3% of palm oil and 1.1% of suaeda salsa seed oil;
the starch component composition comprises: 10% of bread slag powder (10% of the total mass, the same below), 6% of biscuit slag powder and 4% of corn germ powder;
the functional component composition comprises: 2% of cuttlefish viscera dough powder (2% of the total mass, the same below), 0.5% of soy sauce residue powder, 6% of specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption, 15% of bottom mud powder and 1.5% of cuttlefish inner shell powder; and the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption comprises: 3.5 percent of hawthorn residue powder, 1.5 percent of orange peel powder and 1 percent of katsumade galangal seed powder
The bioadhesive particular composition comprises: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same applies below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder. According to the preparation method, the feed A is prepared by using the raw materials.
The feed A of the invention is taken for breeding comparison experiment:
the experiment took 8 weeks, and was performed in spring in the experimental enclosure of a mariculture pond. The enclosure is made of polyethylene net with aperture of 0.5 cm and area of 16 m2(length × width =4 m × 4 m), each group treated 3 parallel enclosures. The initial body mass of the experimental stichopus japonicus is 10.43 +/-0.12 g, and the stocking density is 5 ind./m2. The feed A, the compound feed B, the compound feed C and the compound feed D are respectively fed to experimental south-shifted stichopus japonicus, the feed is fed once every 17:00 hours, and the daily bait feeding amount is calculated according to 6-8% of the weight of cultured animals.
The compound feed B, the compound feed C and the compound feed D are all common commercial compound feeds.
The formula and the proportion of the compound feed B are as follows: 30 kg of sargassum thunbergii powder, 22 kg of sargassum pallidum powder, 10 kg of degumming brown algae powder, 5 kg of fish meal, 4 kg of shrimp meal, 6 kg of soybean protein powder, 1.5 kg of shell powder, 0.6 kg of compound vitamin, 0.9 kg of compound mineral substance and 20 kg of sea mud powder (per 100 kg of dry matter);
the formula and the proportion of the compound feed C are as follows: 30 kg of degummed kelp powder, 22 kg of sargassum pallidum powder, 14 kg of sea green vegetable powder, 5 kg of fish meal, 5 kg of flour, 2.0 kg of shell powder, 0.5 kg of multivitamins, 0.5 kg of multiple mineral substances and 21 kg of sea mud powder (per 100 kg of dry matter);
the formula and the proportion of the compound feed D are as follows: 48 kg of sargassum thunbergii powder, 22 kg of sargassum pallidum powder, 4 kg of spirulina powder, 3 kg of oyster shell powder, 2 kg of marine red yeast powder, 0.5 kg of multivitamins and 20 kg of sea mud powder (per 100 kg of dry matter).
During the experiment, the water temperature of the pond is 12.2-22.5 ℃, the salinity is 26.8-33.2, the pH value is 8.0 +/-0.3, the dissolved oxygen is 6.28-9.75 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.06-0.16 mg/L. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental results of different compound feeds for feeding south Stichopus japonicus (example 1)
Note: specific daily growth rate,%. d-1(ii) a Body wall weight ratio,%; survival rate,%; the activity of the protease is that 1 mug tyrosine generated by hydrolyzing casein per minute is 1 enzyme activity unit, mug/min; the lipase activity is that 1 mu mol of fatty acid is catalytically generated every minute, and the unit of the lipase activity is 1 mu mol/min.
Example 2
The slow release pellet feed for the fast growth period of the south shift stichopus japonicus is prepared by preparing the feed according to the mixture ratio of 50 percent of protein component composition, 6 percent of grease component composition, 16.5 percent of starch component composition, 0.6 percent of compound vitamin, 0.7 percent of compound mineral salt, 25 percent of functional component composition and 1.2 percent of biological adhesive component composition.
Wherein the protein component composition comprises: 27% of protein nutrition enhancing composition (27% of the total mass, the same below), 10% of sargassum fusiforme powder, 2% of laver powder, 7.5% of suaeda salsa powder, 2.5% of shrimp head powder and 1% of mussel powder; the protein nutrition enhancing composition comprises gracilaria powder 11.2%, Salicornia herbacea 6.8%, Paralichthys olivaceus skirt powder 4.5%, and Nereis Japonica powder 4.5%;
the grease component composition comprises: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil and 1% of suaeda salsa seed oil;
the starch component composition comprises: 8% of bread slag powder (8% of the total mass, the same below), 5% of biscuit slag powder and 3.5% of corn germ powder;
the functional component composition comprises: 1.8% of cuttlefish viscera dough powder (1.8% of the total mass, the same below), 0.6% of soy sauce residue powder, 6% of specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption, 15% of bottom mud powder and 1.6% of cuttlefish inner shell powder; the specific digestion and absorption promoting composition comprises: 3.5% of hawthorn residue powder, 1.5% of orange peel powder and 1% of katsumade galangal seed powder;
the bioadhesive particular composition comprises: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same applies below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
According to the preparation method, the feed E is prepared by using the raw materials.
The slow release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of the south Shift stichopus japonicus is prepared by preparing the feed according to the mixture ratio of 42 percent of protein component composition, 6 percent of grease component composition, 25 percent of starch component composition, 0.6 percent of compound vitamin, 0.7 percent of compound mineral salt, 24.5 percent of functional component composition and 1.2 percent of biological adhesive component composition.
Wherein the protein component composition comprises: 16.8% of protein nutrition enhancing composition (16.8% of the total mass, the same below), 10.5% of sargassum fusiforme powder, 3.2% of laver powder, 8% of suaeda salsa powder, 2.5% of shrimp head powder and 1% of mussel powder; the protein nutrition enhancing composition comprises 7 percent of gracilaria powder, 4.2 percent of salicornia herbacea, 2.8 percent of flounder skirt powder and 2.8 percent of nereis powder;
the grease component composition comprises: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil and 1% of suaeda salsa seed oil;
the starch component composition comprises: 12% of bread slag powder (12% of the total mass, the same below), 8% of biscuit slag powder and 5% of corn germ powder;
the functional component composition comprises: 1.9% of cuttlefish viscera dough powder (1.9% of the total mass, the same below), 0.7% of soy sauce residue powder, 4.9% of specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption, 15% of bottom mud powder and 2% of cuttlefish inner shell powder; and the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption comprises: 2.9% of hawthorn residue powder, 1.2% of orange peel powder and 0.8% of katsumade galangal seed powder;
the biological adhesive special combination component comprises: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same applies below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
According to the preparation method, the feed F is prepared by using the raw materials.
The comparative slow-release pellet feed is prepared by mixing 42% of protein component composition, 6% of grease component composition, 25% of starch component composition, 0.6% of vitamin complex, 0.7% of compound mineral salt, 24.5% of functional component composition and 1.2% of biological adhesive component composition.
Wherein the protein component composition comprises: sargassum fusiforme powder 17.5% (of total mass, the same below), laver powder 3.2%, suaeda salsa powder 12.2%, shrimp head powder 5.3%, mussel powder 3.8%;
the grease component composition comprises: 2% of fish oil (2% of the total mass, the same below), 3% of palm oil and 1% of suaeda salsa seed oil;
the starch component composition comprises: 12% of bread slag powder (12% of the total mass, the same below), 8% of biscuit slag powder and 5% of corn germ powder;
the functional component composition comprises: 3% of cuttlefish viscera dough powder (3% of the total mass, the same below), 1% of soy sauce residue powder, 17% of bottom mud powder and 3.5% of cuttlefish inner shell powder;
the bioadhesive component composition comprises: 0.9% of fish scale glue powder (0.9% of the total mass, the same applies below) and 0.3% of locust bean glue powder.
According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the raw materials are used for preparing the comparative slow-release pellet feed G.
Taking finished feed to carry out breeding contrast experiment:
the experiment is carried out in the experimental enclosure of the mariculture pond in autumn for 8 weeks. The enclosure is made of polyethylene net with aperture of 0.5 cm and area of 16 m2(length × width =4 m × 4 m), each group treated 3 parallel enclosures. The initial body mass of the experimental stichopus japonicus is 15.03 +/-0.28 g, and the stocking density is 5 ind./m2. The feed E, the compound feed F and the compound feed G are respectively fed to experimental south-shifted stichopus japonicus, the feed is fed once every 17:00 hours, and the daily bait feeding amount is calculated according to 6-8% of the weight of the cultured animals. During the experiment, the water temperature of the pond is 22.1-11.4 ℃, the salinity is 28.3-32.6, the pH value is 8.1 +/-0.5, the dissolved oxygen is 7.42-9.98 mg/L, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.04-0.19 mg/L. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 different compound feeds for south Stichopus japonicus experimental results (example 2)
Note: specific daily growth rate,%. d-1(ii) a Body wall weight ratio,%; survival rate,%; the activity of the protease is that 1 mug tyrosine generated by hydrolyzing casein per minute is 1 enzyme activity unit, mug/min; the lipase activity is that 1 mu mol of fatty acid is catalytically generated every minute, and the unit of the lipase activity is 1 mu mol/min.
Example 3
The feed A is prepared according to the raw material formula, the proportion and the preparation method of the invention in the embodiment 1.
The non-sustained release pellet feed is prepared by mixing 46 percent of protein component composition, 6.6 percent of grease component composition, 21.2 percent of starch component composition, 0.5 percent of vitamin complex, 0.7 percent of compound mineral salt and 25 percent of functional component composition.
Wherein the protein component composition comprises: 24% of protein nutrition enhancing composition (24% of total mass, the same below), 9% of sargassum fusiforme powder, 3% of laver powder, 6% of suaeda salsa powder, 3% of shrimp head powder and 1% of mussel powder; and the protein component composition comprises: gracilaria powder 10%, Salicornia herbacea 6%, flounder skirt powder 4%, and Nereis Japonica powder 4%;
the grease component composition comprises: 2.2% of fish oil (2.2% of the total mass, the same below), 3.3% of palm oil and 1.1% of suaeda salsa seed oil;
the starch component composition comprises: 11% of bread slag powder (11% of the total mass, the same below), 6% of biscuit slag powder and 4.2% of corn germ powder;
the functional component composition comprises: 2% of cuttlefish viscera dough powder (2% of the total mass, the same below), 0.5% of soy sauce residue powder, 6% of specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption, 15% of bottom mud powder and 1.5% of cuttlefish inner shell powder; and the specific composition for promoting digestion and absorption comprises: 3.5% of hawthorn residue powder, 1.5% of orange peel powder and 1% of katsumade galangal seed powder.
According to the preparation method, the non-sustained release comparative pellet feed I is prepared by using the raw materials.
Taking finished feed to carry out breeding contrast experiment:
the experiment period is 8 weeks, and the experiment is carried out in an indoor controllable aquaculture scientific research system. The experimental south shift stichopus japonicus was cultured in a PVC water tank with a diameter of 1.0 m and a volume of 0.8 t, and 3 parallel water tanks were treated in two groups. The initial body mass of the cultured animals is 5.35 +/-0.12 g, and the culture density is 20 ind./m3. The experimental stichopus japonicus is fed with the feed A and the comparative feed I respectively, the experimental stichopus japonicus is fed once at 17:00 a day, the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the cultured animals, and the experimental stichopus japonicus is cleaned and water is changed twice a week. During the experiment, the water quality physicochemical conditions of the culture pond in the rapid growth period are simulated, the air pump is used for inflating and oxygenating, the water temperature is controlled to be 15-18 ℃, the salinity fluctuation range is 27.8-32.1, the average pH value is 7.9 +/-0.3, and the variation range of the ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.02-0.10 mg/L. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 results of the controlled and non-controlled release pellet feed feeding of Nanzhao Stichopus japonicus (example 3)
Note: specific daily growth rate,%. d-1(ii) a Body wall weight ratio,%; survival rate,%; feed loss rate,%; aggregation rate,%.
The results in table 1 show that compared with other compound feeds, the growth speed of the south apostichopus japonicus under the feed condition is obviously higher, the activity of digestive enzymes (protease and lipase) is obviously higher, and the feed coefficient is obviously lower. The feed of the invention is a high-quality feed which can be used for the spring and autumn two-season quick growth period of the south-shift stichopus japonicus;
as can be seen from the results in Table 2, the growth rate and the digestive enzyme (protease) activity of the nankinensis fed by the feed of the present invention are significantly higher than those of the compound feed G, and the feed coefficient is significantly lower than that of the compound feed G. This is mainly due to the fact that formula feed G does not contain specific combinations of protein nutrition enhancement and digestion and absorption promotion. Related results fully reflect the positive promotion and guarantee effects of the specific combination components in the feed on the production performance of the south-shift stichopus japonicus in the rapid growth period;
the results in the table 3 show that the feed has good slow release effect, and the feed can keep low dissolution rate in the culture water body within 24 hours, thereby conforming to the feeding characteristics and the ingestion rule of the south shift stichopus japonicus. Meanwhile, the feed coefficient of the invention is low, the gathering rate of the apostichopus japonicus selenka is high, and the apostichopus japonicus selenka has strong tropism and high utilization rate.
The breeding comparison experiment shows that the feed can provide high-level, effective and continuous nutrition supply for the south-shifted stichopus japonicus in the rapid growth period of spring and autumn. Compared with other compound feeds, the feed can obviously improve the breeding production performance of the south-shift stichopus japonicus in a specific growth period; the specific combination of the protein nutrition enhancing combination and the digestion and absorption promoting combination in the feed raw materials has obvious promotion effect on the growth performance and the digestion and absorption capacity of the south-shifted stichopus japonicus; the special combination of the biological adhesive ensures that the feed of the invention obtains good slow release property, and the feed has stronger food calling effect (higher aggregation rate), thereby realizing the continuous and effective nutrition supply to the south-shift stichopus japonicus and ensuring better culture production effect; the preparation method of the feed is simple and convenient, and the raw materials are purely natural animal and plant components, thereby belonging to a green and environment-friendly product. The feed of the invention is a high-quality slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of the south-shift stichopus japonicus.
Claims (7)
1. A slow-release pellet feed used in the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus is characterized in that: the feed is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
40-50% of protein component composition, 6-8% of grease component composition, 15-25% of starch component composition, 0.5-0.6% of vitamin complex, 0.7-0.8% of compound mineral salt, 20-25% of functional component composition and 1.0-1.5% of biological adhesive.
2. The slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the protein component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 55 percent of protein nutrition enhancing composition, 15 to 25 percent of sargassum fusiforme powder, 5 to 8 percent of laver powder, 15 to 20 percent of suaeda salsa powder, 5 to 6 percent of shrimp head powder and 2 to 3 percent of mussel powder,
and the protein nutrition enhancing composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
gracilaria powder, Salicornia bigelovii powder, flounder skirt powder and nereis powder =5:3:2: 2.
3. The slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grease component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
the fish oil is palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil =2:3: 1.
4. The slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the starch component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 40-55% of bread crumbs, 25-40% of biscuit crumbs and 15-30% of corn germ powder.
5. The slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the functional component composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: 5 to 8 percent of cuttlefish viscera dough powder, 2 to 3 percent of soy sauce residue powder, 20 to 25 percent of digestion and absorption promoting composition, 60 to 65 percent of bottom mud powder, 5 to 10 percent of cuttlefish inner shell powder,
the digestion and absorption promoting composition is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass:
hawthorn residue powder, orange peel powder, katsumade galangal seed powder =7:3: 2.
6. The slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of south-shifted stichopus japonicus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the biological adhesive is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: and (3) fish scale glue powder, locust bean glue powder =3: 1.
7. A method for preparing the slow-release pellet feed for the rapid growth period of the south-shift stichopus japonicus according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: carrying out ultrafine grinding on solid feed raw materials by 200-300 meshes, stirring the ground raw materials, uniformly mixing, adding 55 ℃ distilled water accounting for 20% of the mass of the solid raw materials to cure the raw materials, adding an oil component accounting for 6-8% of the mass of the solid raw materials in the curing process, wherein the oil component is prepared by mixing fish oil, palm oil and suaeda salsa seed oil according to the mass ratio of 2:3:1, continuously stirring uniformly, extruding into a block shape, putting the block shape material into a granulator to prepare cylindrical granulated feed with the diameter of 3-5 mm and the water content of 10-12%, and sealing and packaging to obtain the finished product of the slow-release granulated feed.
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| PCT/CN2020/120068 WO2022061966A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 | 2020-10-10 | Sustained-release pellet feed for use in rapid growth period of southward stichopus japonicus and preparation method therefor |
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| CN103416624A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-12-04 | 青岛七好生物科技有限公司 | Full-balanced ultrafine granulated feed for stichopus japonicus and young sea cucumbers |
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