CN111969308A - Periodic leaky-wave antenna - Google Patents
Periodic leaky-wave antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111969308A CN111969308A CN202010625723.6A CN202010625723A CN111969308A CN 111969308 A CN111969308 A CN 111969308A CN 202010625723 A CN202010625723 A CN 202010625723A CN 111969308 A CN111969308 A CN 111969308A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a periodic leaky-wave antenna which comprises an upper-layer metal sheet, a dielectric substrate and a lower-layer metal floor, wherein the upper-layer metal sheet, the dielectric substrate and the lower-layer metal floor form an integrated rectangular plate; the upper-layer metal sheet is formed by cascading N identical periodic leaky-wave units along a straight line, each periodic leaky-wave unit comprises a rectangular metal sheet and two open-circuit metal branches connected to the lower end of the rectangular metal sheet, and the interval between the two metal branches is one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength; the upper end of the rectangular metal sheet is provided with metal holes which are arranged periodically and penetrate through the medium substrate to form metal through holes. The antenna can completely eliminate the stop band, has a large scanning range and has a semi-open structure; the metal branch or gap is selected as the periodic modulation structure, and the device has the advantages of simple structure and flexible design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electromagnetic microwave antennas, in particular to a periodic leaky-wave antenna.
Background
A periodic leaky-wave antenna is a typical frequency-scanning antenna, the cross-section of which is periodically modulated in the direction of wave propagation, and it is this periodicity that causes energy leakage, formingAnd (4) irradiating. The beam direction can be changed along with the change of the frequency, and the electric scanning antenna has a simple structure. For conventional periodic leaky-wave antennas, radiation is generally generated in the backward and forward directions by negative spatial harmonics (typically the spatial harmonic n ═ 1), but due to the propagation constant β in conventional periodic structures n0 corresponds to group velocity upsilongAt this time, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna is very large, a stop band is formed, energy is reflected back to a source and is not radiated out, and therefore the conventional periodic leaky-wave antenna cannot radiate in the edge-emitting direction. In recent years, many documents have proposed methods for suppressing the stopband of periodic leaky-wave antennas. One approach is to suppress the stop band by using an impedance matching technique using a quarter-impedance transformer at each periodic leaky-wave antenna element so that the Bloch impedance of the periodic leaky-wave antenna matches the characteristic impedance of the transmission line at the side-fire (see reference [1 ])]: paulotto, P.Baccarelli, F.Frezza, and D.R.Jackson, "A Novel Technique for Open-Stopband supression in 1-D Periodic Printed Leaky-Wave Antennas", IEEE trans. Antennas Propag, vol.57, No.7, pp.1894-1906,2009. However, this method increases the length of the unit, which limits the scanning range of the leaky-wave antenna, because the increase of the length of the unit causes the antenna pattern to start to generate grating lobes after the main beam is scanned to a certain range. Another approach is to use a pair of identical branches at the cell to mitigate the effect of the stop band (see reference [2 ]]: kumar, R.Ranjan, and J.Ghosh, "Novel Printed Leaky-Wave Antenna with compressed OSB for Broad Angle Scanning," in 2019TEQIP III spread International Conference on Microwave Integrated Circuits, Photonics and Wireless Networks (IMICPW),22-24May 2019. However, this method does not completely eliminate the stopband because the attenuation coefficient drops off at the side-emission and the propagation constant is not linearly continuous with frequency. Yet another approach is to use a pair of similar but different slits at the cell, which eliminates the stopband (see reference [3 ]]：J.Liu,W.Zhou,and Y.Long,"A Simple Technique for Open-Stopband Suppression in Periodic Leaky-Wave Antennas Using Two Nonidentical Elements Per Unit Cell,"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.66, No.6, pp.2741-2751,2018), which utilizes a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (Substrate Integrated Waveguide: SIW) to etch a pair of slots on a unit to construct a periodic leaky-wave antenna, and the stopband is eliminated by adjusting the slot spacing and size. However, this design is not flexible enough, and due to the closed SIW structure, leaky-wave antennas can only be constructed by etching a slot on the upper surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the scanning range of the conventional periodic leaky-wave antenna is limited, a stop band cannot be completely eliminated and the design is not flexible enough, and provides a periodic leaky-wave antenna based on a Half-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW).
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a periodic leaky-wave antenna, which comprises an upper layer metal sheet, a dielectric substrate and a lower layer metal floor, wherein the upper layer metal sheet, the dielectric substrate and the lower layer metal floor form an integrated rectangular plate structure; the upper-layer metal sheet is formed by cascading N identical periodic leaky-wave units along a straight line, each periodic leaky-wave unit comprises a rectangular metal sheet and two open-circuit metal branches connected to the lower end of the rectangular metal sheet, and the interval between the two metal branches is one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength; the interval makes the phase difference between the echo reflected by the second branch and the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the first branch 180 degrees, and the cancellation of the echo and the electromagnetic wave can inhibit the stop band brought by high reflection coefficient; the upper end of the rectangular metal sheet is provided with metal holes which are arranged periodically and penetrate through the medium substrate to form metal through holes.
As an improvement of the above apparatus, the value range of the number N of the periodic leaky wave units is: n is more than or equal to 2.
As a modification of the above device, the length from the center of the metal hole to the lower end of the rectangular metal piece is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the antenna.
As an improvement of the above device, the two metal branches are equal in length; the length of the metal stub is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the antenna.
As an improvement of the device, the width ratio of the two metal branches is between 0.7 and 1, and the stop band can be completely eliminated.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the periodic leaky-wave antenna does not need to perform impedance matching on each unit, so that the unit size is small, and grating lobes can not occur in large-range scanning;
2. the antenna can flexibly select metal branches or gaps as a periodic modulation structure, and has the advantages of simple structure and flexible design;
3. the antenna can completely eliminate the stop band, has a large scanning range and a semi-open structure, and can adopt gaps or open-circuit branches to inhibit the stop band;
4. the periodic leaky-wave antenna can realize continuous scanning of antenna beams from backward direction to forward direction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of elements of a periodic leaky-wave antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dispersion of a periodic leaky-wave antenna unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a periodic leaky-wave antenna after the unit of the present invention is cascaded;
FIG. 4 is an S parameter of a periodic leaky-wave antenna;
fig. 5 is a gain pattern of a periodic leaky-wave antenna.
Detailed Description
Before describing the embodiments of the present invention in detail, the related principles will be described first.
Periodic leaky-wave antennas produce leaky radiation of energy due to the periodic modulation of their cross-section in the direction of wave propagation. Due to periodicity, the electromagnetic wave generated by a periodic leaky-wave antenna can be represented as a superposition of an infinite number of spatial harmonics:
βn＝β0+2nπ/p (1)
wherein p is the period, beta0Is substantially emptyInter-harmonics. The most important difference from the uniform leaky-wave antenna is that the main mode of the uniform leaky-wave antenna is fast wave, so that the antenna structure can radiate when being opened outwards, and the main mode of the periodic leaky-wave antenna is slow wave, so that the antenna structure cannot radiate even if being opened outwards. It is therefore necessary to introduce a periodic array to generate infinite spatial harmonics, so that a single or some of them are fast waves, i.e. radiation can be generated. Another difference from a uniform leaky-wave antenna is that a periodic leaky-wave antenna can generate backward radiation (θ) by a negative spatial harmonic (typically-1)MB<0 deg.) that it is required to be fast, i.e. beta, to radiate spatial harmonicsn/k0<1, for formula (1), there is:
it can be seen that n is less than 0 and λ is suitably chosen0At p, is betan/k0<1. In practice, it is only desired to generate a single radiation wave, so n is generally chosen to be-1, in which case
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a periodic leaky-wave antenna, which includes an upper metal sheet, a dielectric substrate and a lower metal floor, which form an integrated rectangular plate structure; the upper-layer metal sheet is formed by cascading N identical periodic leaky-wave units along a straight line (3 units are in straight line cascading and are not limited to 3 in figure 1), the length of each periodic leaky-wave unit is p, each periodic leaky-wave unit comprises a rectangular metal sheet and two open-circuit metal branches connected to the lower end of the rectangular metal sheet, and the interval between the two open-circuit metal branches is a quarter waveguide wavelength; the upper end of the rectangular metal sheet is provided with metal holes which are arranged periodically, the metal holes penetrate through the medium substrate to form metal through holes, and the size from the center of each hole to the other side of the upper layer metal sheeta is related to the operating frequency, the larger the size, the lower the frequency. Length l of metal branchcIn relation to the operating frequency, the longer the length, the lower the frequency; length l of the two metal branchescSame, width wc1And wc2In contrast, the ratio of the two widths is between 0.7 and 1; spacing x of two metal branchesdThe separation is such that the echo reflected from the second branch is 180 ° out of phase with the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the first branch, the cancellation of which suppresses the stopband due to the high reflection coefficient. The number N of the periodic leaky-wave units is more than or equal to 2. The design of the antenna is based on a Rogers RT/Duroid 6006 substrate, the dielectric constant is 6.15, the thickness of the substrate is 0.508mm, and the frequency point in the design edge-emitting direction is 14.5 GHz. Similar designs may be made with different sheet materials, but are not limited.
Fig. 2 is a dispersion curve of the periodic leaky-wave unit of the invention, and the specific geometric dimensions are as follows: a 4.2mm, p 10mm, d 0.8mm, s 1.46mm, lc＝5.08mm,wc1＝0.8mm,wc2＝0.7mm,xd3.1 mm. For comparison, the dispersion curves for a single branch of the same size, and for two identical branches, were calculated. It can be seen that the attenuation factor α/k is around 14.5GHz with only a single branch present (dashed line in FIG. 2)0There was a significant protrusion increase indicating that the structure had a significant stopband. In the case of two identical branches (solid line in FIG. 2), the attenuation factor α/k is around 14.5GHz0There is a slight abrupt change which impairs the radiation performance in the broadside direction. The stop band is completely eliminated (solid dotted line in fig. 2) and the attenuation factor α/k is only achieved if the two branches are similar (same length, different width)0The curve smoothly transitions around 14.5 GHz.
Fig. 3 shows a periodic leaky-wave antenna designed by the present invention, in this embodiment, 31 periodic leaky-wave units are cascaded to form the leaky-wave antenna, and both ends are connected to a 50-ohm coaxial line through microstrip impedance transformation.
FIG. 4 is the S-parameter curve of the leaky-wave antenna, and it can be seen that the frequency range of | S11| < -10dB is from 11.1GHz to 17.1GHz, and | S11| < -15dB at 14.5GHz, which indicates that the designed stop band is completely suppressed. The curve of | S21| is less than-5 dB in the operating band, indicating good radiation efficiency for the antenna.
Fig. 5 is an actual gain directional diagram of the periodic leaky-wave antenna, and it can be seen that when the frequency is swept from 11.8GHz to 17.3GHz, the main beam of the leaky-wave antenna is swept from-55 ° to +43 °, the sweep range is as high as 98 °, the gain variation in the range is from 9.3dBi to 14.2dBi, and since the stopband is completely suppressed, no gain reduction occurs in the edge-emitting direction, and the effectiveness of the invented periodic leaky-wave antenna in suppressing the stopband is verified.
Under the condition of adopting different working frequencies and unit sizes, the effectiveness of the periodic leaky-wave antenna can be proved through a plurality of experiments.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A periodic leaky-wave antenna is characterized in that the leaky-wave antenna comprises an upper layer metal sheet, a dielectric substrate and a lower layer metal floor, and the upper layer metal sheet, the dielectric substrate and the lower layer metal floor form an integrated rectangular plate; the upper-layer metal sheet is formed by cascading N identical periodic leaky-wave units along a straight line, each periodic leaky-wave unit comprises a rectangular metal sheet and two open-circuit metal branches connected to the lower end of the rectangular metal sheet, and the interval between the two metal branches is one-quarter of the waveguide wavelength; the upper end of the rectangular metal sheet is provided with metal holes which are arranged periodically and penetrate through the medium substrate to form metal through holes.
2. The periodic leaky-wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number N of the periodic leaky-wave elements is greater than or equal to 2.
3. The periodic leaky wave antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length from a center of the metal hole to a lower end of the rectangular metal plate is inversely proportional to an operating frequency of the antenna.
4. The periodic leaky-wave antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lengths of the two metal branches are equal; the length of the metal stub is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the antenna.
5. The periodic leaky-wave antenna unit as claimed in claim 4, wherein a width ratio of the two metal stubs is between 0.7 and 1.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113013628A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Compact high-efficiency reflection-free leaky-wave antenna |
| CN113206381A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-03 | 云南大学 | Circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna |
| CN114725686A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽大学 | Log-periodic antenna based on half-mode rectangular metal waveguide excitation |
| WO2023250345A1 (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | Omnifi, Inc. | Conformal and flexible leaky-wave antenna arrays with reduced mutual couplings |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113013628A (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-06-22 | 重庆大学 | Compact high-efficiency reflection-free leaky-wave antenna |
| CN113013628B (en) * | 2021-03-17 | 2023-05-23 | 重庆大学 | Compact high-efficiency reflection-free leaky-wave antenna |
| CN113206381A (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2021-08-03 | 云南大学 | Circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna |
| CN113206381B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-04-08 | 云南大学 | Circularly polarized leaky-wave antenna |
| CN114725686A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽大学 | Log-periodic antenna based on half-mode rectangular metal waveguide excitation |
| CN114725686B (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2024-03-12 | 安徽大学 | Logarithmic periodic antenna based on half-module rectangular metal waveguide excitation |
| WO2023250345A1 (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | Omnifi, Inc. | Conformal and flexible leaky-wave antenna arrays with reduced mutual couplings |
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