CN111961989B - Method for manufacturing high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for manufacturing high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.12-0.16% wt%, Si: 0.40-0.50 wt%, Mn: 8.0-10.0 wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.045 wt%, less than or equal to 0.005wt% of S, Cr: 14.5-15.0 wt%, Ni: 1.0-1.3% wt%, N: 0.18-0.20%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The invention solves the problem of serious transformation hardening degree of the nickel-saving austenite cold-processed martensite while reducing the production cost of enterprises, optimizes the cold processing performance of products, improves the one-time cold rolling limit reduction rate, and reduces the quality risk of cold rolling cracking and economic loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steel rolling, in particular to smelting and rolling of stainless steel, and particularly relates to a manufacturing method of high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel.
Background
The nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel is a chromium-manganese-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel developed by replacing rare and expensive nickel elements with manganese and nitrogen, and is widely used in domestic decoration and pipe making industries due to good corrosion resistance and high and low temperature performance, and the variety development quantity and the product yield of stainless steel enterprises are rapidly increased year by year. The nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel is typical metastable austenitic stainless steel, a large amount of deformation induced martensite can be generated in the cold deformation process, the material strength is increased, the plasticity is reduced, great difficulty is brought to the subsequent cold processing use, and the development and the use of the steel are seriously restricted.
In summary, the following problems exist in the prior art: the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel has serious transformation hardening degree of cold-working martensite.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for manufacturing high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel, which aims to solve the problem of serious transformation hardening degree of cold-working martensite of nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel.
Therefore, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.12-0.16% wt%, Si: 0.40-0.50 wt%, Mn: 8.0-10.0 wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.045 wt%, less than or equal to 0.005wt% of S, Cr: 14.5-15.0 wt%, Ni: 1.0-1.3% wt%, N: 0.18-0.20%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: smelting, hot rolling, solution annealing and acid washing;
the smelting is divided into four stages: the steel melting period, the oxidation period, the reduction period and the refining period, and the condition of raw materials entering the furnace: 468kg of nickel molten iron per ton of steel, 305kg of nickel pig iron per ton of steel, 209kg of ferrochrome per ton of steel, 85kg of electrolytic manganese per ton of steel, 42kg of silicon manganese per ton of steel and other alloy materials; ferrosilicon is adopted for heat compensation in the steel melting period, in order to ensure sufficient heat requirement in the reduction period, the end temperature of the oxidation period is controlled to be 1700-1720 ℃, and electrolytic manganese alloy can be added only after the reduction period; in order to ensure the alloy recovery rate, the desulfurization rate and the slagging quality, the alkalinity is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 in the steel melting period and 2.0-2.2 in the reduction period;
in the hot rolling process, a casting blank heating temperature schedule is as follows: the temperature of the preheating section is 650-800 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 1220-1260 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking section is 1250 +/-30 ℃; the rough rolling temperature is 1200 +/-30 ℃, and the thickness of the intermediate billet is 36-38 mm; the finishing temperature of the finish rolling is 1030 +/-30 ℃; the coiling temperature is strictly controlled below 820 ℃;
the solution annealing temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, the annealing speed is 15-21 m/min, and the cooling mode combines water cooling and air cooling; and pickling the solution-annealed hot rolled steel strip, and removing surface iron scales to obtain a white-skin steel strip product.
Further, the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.152% by weight, Si: 0.42% by weight, Mn: 9.19% wt%, P: 0.035% wt%, S: 0.03% by weight, Cr: 14.76% wt%, Ni: 1.19% wt%, N: 0.197 percent.
Further, the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.145% wt%, Si: 0.43% by weight, Mn: 9.13% wt%, P: 0.037% wt%, S: 0.04% by weight, Cr: 14.68% wt%, Ni: 1.19% wt%, N: 0.190 percent.
Further, the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.155% by weight, Si: 0.42% by weight, Mn: 9.27% wt%, P: 0.038% wt%, S: 0.04% by weight, Cr: 14.71% wt%, Ni: 1.18% wt%, N: 0.189%.
The invention has the following effects:
(1) the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel has low production cost, effectively saves expensive manganese, chromium and nickel alloy elements, has comprehensive performance superior to that of the same type of steel, and has wide market application prospect.
(2) The invention effectively solves the common problem of martensite transformation hardening in the nickel-saving austenite cold processing process, obviously improves the cold processing performance of the steel strip, and breaks through the performance bottleneck of reducing the thickness by 0.5mm through one-time cold rolling. The thickness of the hot-rolled annealed pickling coil product is 2.0mm, the thickness of the product is reduced by one-time cold rolling to be less than 0.45mm, and the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel strip with the target thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm can be obtained only by one-time intermediate annealing and one-time cold rolling.
(3) The high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel product has the advantages of excellent and stable quality, low defect incidence, good feedback for customer use and far-exceeding the same type of products of other enterprises.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention.
According to the invention, through scientific component design and hot rolling and annealing process control, the production cost of an enterprise is reduced, the problem of serious transformation hardening degree of the nickel-saving austenite cold-working martensite at present is solved, the cold working performance of a product is optimized, the one-time cold rolling limit reduction rate is improved, and the cold rolling cracking quality risk and economic loss are reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is that a Schaeffler tissue diagram is adopted to predict the room temperature tissue of the new component steel, the Md30/50 calculation formula is utilized to determine the austenite stability of the new component steel, and the empirical formula under the Siever law is utilized to predict the nitrogen solubility of the molten steel. By researching the influence of alloy elements on the forming performance of austenitic stainless steel and a nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel cold-working induced martensite hardening mechanism, the optimal alloy component proportion is designed by combining the market alloy price and replacing expensive Ni and Cu elements with low-cost C, Mn, Cr and N, and a high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel product with the optimal combination of cost and performance is developed; and provides a method for manufacturing the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel by researching the parameters of smelting, continuous casting, hot rolling and solid solution annealing processes in the manufacturing process.
The high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components: c: 0.12 to 0.16%, Si: 0.40 to 0.50%, Mn: 8.0-10.0%, P is less than or equal to 0.045%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, and Cr: 14.5 to 15.0%, Ni: 1.0-1.3%, N: 0.18-0.20%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
In the component design of the steel grade, phosphorus and sulfur are harmful elements in the stainless steel and have adverse effects on the corrosion resistance and the stamping property of the stainless steel, so that the P content in the steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.045 percent and the S content in the steel is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.005 percent.
Chromium combines with oxygen to form corrosion-resistant Cr2O3The passive film is the most basic alloy element for maintaining the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel is determined by the content of chromium, and the content of chromium is maintained within the range of 14.5-15.0% to ensure the excellent corrosion resistance of the stainless steel.
Nickel is an element in austenitic stainless steels that forms and stabilizes the austenitic structure, is not a corrosion-resistant element per se, but improves and strengthens the passivation mechanism of chromium. Because nickel is a precious rare metal and is expensive, carbon and nitrogen elements can both strongly form and stabilize austenite and expand an austenite phase region, and manganese has the function of strongly stabilizing austenite and can enhance the solubility of nitrogen in austenitic steel. The invention replaces expensive Ni with low-cost C, Mn and N, wherein C is controlled to be 0.12-0.16%, Mn is controlled to be 8.0-10.0%, N is controlled to be 0.18-0.20%, and Ni is controlled to be 1.0-1.3%.
Calculation based on the effect of each element in the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel while considering the chromium-nickel equivalent phase balance and the martensite transformation point temperature:
chromium equivalent Creq ═% Cr +1.5 × (% Si)
Nickel equivalent Nieq ═ Ni +30 × (% C +% N) +0.5 × (% Mn)
Austenitic balance coefficient A ═ 30 × (% C +% N) +0.5 ×% Mn +% Ni-1.3 ×% Cr +11.8
Temperature of martensite transformation point
Md(30/50)＝551-462×(％C+％N)-9.2×％Si-8.1×％Mn-13.7×％Cr-29×(％Ni+％Cu)
Through research and measurement of phase equilibrium and martensite transformation point temperature, the steel grade of the invention is positioned in an austenite interval of a Schaeffler structure diagram; the martensite transformation temperature Md (30/50) value of the invention is lower than 80, the martensite transformation cold-work hardening degree is low, the invention has good cold-work forming performance, and the cost-performance optimization combination is realized.
The manufacturing method of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel comprises the following steps: blast furnace low nickel molten iron → 600t mixer → 60tAOD smelting → LF refining → double-flow slab continuous casting → hot continuous rolling → solution treatment annealing → acid cleaning. The key technology of each process is controlled as follows:
(1) smelting
AOD smelting is divided into four stages: a steel melting period, an oxidation period, a reduction period and a refining period. The charging condition of AOD ton steel raw material: 468kg of nickel molten iron per ton of steel, 305kg of nickel pig iron per ton of steel, 209kg of ferrochrome per ton of steel, 85kg of electrolytic manganese per ton of steel, 42kg of silicon manganese per ton of steel and other alloy materials; ferrosilicon is adopted for heat compensation in the steel melting period, in order to ensure sufficient heat requirement in the reduction period, the end temperature of the oxidation period is controlled to be 1700-1720 ℃, and electrolytic manganese alloy can be added only after the reduction period; in order to ensure the alloy recovery rate, the desulfurization rate and the slagging quality, the alkalinity in the steel melting period is controlled to be 1.0-1.2, and the alkalinity in the reduction period is controlled to be 2.0-2.2.
And controlling a side gun in the blowing process, gradually increasing the nitrogen supply ratio of the side gun in the middle and final oxidation stages, gradually switching from total oxygen to total nitrogen side blowing to enter a reduction stage, ensuring the reduction atmosphere and improving the nitrogen content in steel by the side gun total nitrogen blowing in the reduction stage, and keeping the nitrogen content at the end point of the reduction stage at 0.30-0.32%. Alloying is completed before the refining period, and alloy cold charge is forbidden to be added in the refining period, so that incomplete melting of the alloy and uneven components are avoided; and in the refining period, the side gun is blown for 3min by full argon, the components and the temperature of the molten steel are uniform, impurities are removed, and the nitrogen content is controlled to be 0.18-0.20% by discharging excessive nitrogen in the molten steel by blowing argon.
(2) Hot rolling
A casting blank heating temperature system: the temperature of the preheating section is 650-800 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 1220-1260 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking section is 1250 +/-30 ℃; the rough rolling temperature is 1200 +/-30 ℃, and the thickness of the intermediate billet is 36-38 mm; the finish rolling end point temperature is 1030 +/-30 ℃; the coiling temperature is strictly controlled below 820 ℃.
According to the balance calculation of a phase diagram and the detection and analysis of precipitates at different coiling temperatures, the nasal temperature region where C, N precipitates after rolling is 850-900 ℃. In order to avoid the sensitization temperature interval, the precipitation of C, N compounds in the hot rolling coiling process is controlled, and after the finish rolling, a laminar cooling process is adopted to rapidly cool the steel strip, so that the coiling temperature is controlled below 820 ℃.
(3) Solution annealing
After hot rolling, carrying out solution treatment in a continuous heat treatment furnace, wherein the solution annealing temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, the annealing speed is 15-21 m/min, the cooling mode adopts the combination of water cooling and air cooling, and the solid solution austenite stable structure of the steel grade is obtained after the solution treatment. And pickling the solution-annealed hot rolled steel strip, and removing surface iron scales to obtain a white-skin steel strip product.
(4) Material properties
The yield strength Rp0.2/MPa of the annealed steel strip is more than or equal to 440MPa, the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 950MPa, the elongation A after fracture is more than or equal to 55 percent, the 180-degree cold bending test (D is 2a) is complete, the Rockwell hardness HRB is less than or equal to 95, and the grain size is 7.6-8.6 grade.
The production method of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel adopts the following component proportion and specific process. Wherein, the chemical compositions (by weight percent) of the products of the examples are shown in the table 1. Table 2 shows the process parameters corresponding to the example steels described in table 1. Table 3 shows the results of the performance tests on samples taken from the examples in table 1.
Table 1: examples chemical composition of the product%
| Examples of the invention | C | Ni | Cr | Mn | Cu | Si | P | S | N |
| Example 1 | 0.152 | 1.19 | 14.76 | 9.19 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.035 | 0.003 | 0.197 |
| Example 2 | 0.155 | 1.18 | 14.71 | 9.27 | 0.03 | 0.42 | 0.038 | 0.004 | 0.189 |
| Example 3 | 0.154 | 1.17 | 14.72 | 9.29 | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.037 | 0.003 | 0.191 |
| Example 4 | 0.145 | 1.19 | 14.68 | 9.13 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 0.036 | 0.004 | 0.19 |
| Example 5 | 0.150 | 1.17 | 14.97 | 9.22 | 0.03 | 0.43 | 0.035 | 0.004 | 0.195 |
Table 2: example specific Process parameters
Table 3: example Hot rolled annealed product Properties of high Nitrogen Low Nickel copper free Austenitic stainless Steel
The thickness reduction by one-time cold rolling is the most key performance index for the customer evaluation of the hot-rolled annealed and pickled coil product. Due to the cold-working hardening characteristic of the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel, the thickness reduction by one-time cold rolling of 0.5mm is a performance bottleneck which can not be broken through by the same type of products of various enterprises, and the processing and use of downstream customers are restricted. At present, the thickness of the same type of products of various enterprises is reduced by one-time cold rolling and is about 0.58mm, and the thickness of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel is reduced by one-time cold rolling and is less than 0.45 mm.
The high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel realizes a great breakthrough of reducing the thickness by one-time cold rolling, the target thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm can be achieved by one-time intermediate annealing from the single-stand rolling mill of the hot-rolled annealed acid-pickled coil product with the thickness of 2.0mm, the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 1080-1100 ℃, and the intermediate annealing frequency and the processing cost are obviously reduced compared with those of downstream customers of other products of the same type. For example, by adopting the technology of the invention, the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with the target thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm can be obtained by cold rolling a hot-rolled annealed and acid-washed coil product with the thickness of 2.0mm to below 0.45mm by a single-stand rolling mill, then carrying out primary intermediate annealing and then carrying out primary cold rolling, and the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel with the target thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm can be obtained by the prior art from the hot-rolled annealed and acid-washed coil product with the thickness of 2.0mm to a cold-rolled steel plate (steel strip) with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm only by two times of annealing and three times of cold rolling. The invention reduces the annealing times and the cold rolling times, reduces one-time annealing and one-time cold rolling, only needs one-time annealing and two-time cold rolling, reduces the production link and the production cost, reduces the possible faults in the annealing and cold rolling production links, and improves the production efficiency, the product quality and the product competitiveness.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In order that the components of the present invention may be combined without conflict, it is intended that all equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The manufacturing method of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel is characterized in that the components of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel in percentage by weight are as follows: c: 0.152-0.16 wt%, Si: 0.40 to 0.50wt%, Mn: 9.13-9.29 wt%, P: less than or equal to 0.045 wt%, S less than or equal to 0.005wt%, Cr: 14.68-14.97 wt%, Ni: 1.17-1.19 wt%, N: 0.18-0.20%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: smelting, hot rolling, solution annealing and acid washing;
the smelting is divided into four stages: the steel melting period, the oxidation period, the reduction period and the refining period, and the condition of raw materials entering the furnace: 468kg of nickel molten iron per ton of steel, 305kg of nickel pig iron per ton of steel, 209kg of ferrochrome per ton of steel, 85kg of electrolytic manganese per ton of steel, 42kg of silicon manganese per ton of steel and other alloy materials; ferrosilicon is adopted for heat compensation in the steel melting period, in order to ensure sufficient heat requirement in the reduction period, the end temperature of the oxidation period is controlled to be 1700-1720 ℃, and electrolytic manganese alloy can be added only after the reduction period; in order to ensure the alloy recovery rate, the desulfurization rate and the slagging quality, the alkalinity is controlled to be 1.0-1.2 in the steel melting period and 2.0-2.2 in the reduction period;
in the hot rolling process, a casting blank heating temperature schedule is as follows: the temperature of the preheating section is 650-800 ℃, the temperature of the heating section is 1220-1260 ℃, and the temperature of the soaking section is 1250 +/-30 ℃; the rough rolling temperature is 1200 +/-30 ℃, and the thickness of the intermediate billet is 36-38 mm; the finishing temperature of the finish rolling is 1030 +/-30 ℃; the coiling temperature is strictly controlled below 820 ℃;
the solution annealing temperature is 1080-1120 ℃, the annealing speed is 15-21 m/min, and the cooling mode combines water cooling and air cooling;
pickling the solution-annealed hot rolled steel strip, and removing surface iron oxide scales to obtain a white-skin steel strip product;
the thickness of the hot-rolled annealed pickled coil product after solution annealing is 2.0mm, and the manufacturing method further comprises: solution annealing and first cold rolling after acid washing, wherein the first cold rolling reduces the thickness of the hot-rolled annealed acid-washed coil product after solution annealing from 2.0mm to below 0.45 mm;
a martensite transition temperature Md (30/50) value below 80;
the yield strength Rp0.2 of the annealed steel strip is more than or equal to 440MPa and less than or equal to 449 MPa, the tensile strength Rm is more than or equal to 950MPa and less than or equal to 992 MPa, the elongation A50mm after fracture is more than or equal to 55 percent, the 180-degree cold bending test (D = 2a) is complete, the Rockwell hardness HRB is less than or equal to 95, and the grain size is 7.6-8.6 grade;
scale position martensite ratio/% after stretching: 10.5 or 12.3 or 10.9.
2. The method of manufacturing a high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel are, in weight percent: c: 0.152 wt%, Si: 0.42wt%, Mn: 9.19wt%, P: 0.035 wt%, S: 0.003wt%, Cr: 14.76 wt%, Ni: 1.19wt%, N: 0.197 percent.
3. The method of manufacturing a high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the components of the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel are, in weight percent: c: 0.155 wt%, Si: 0.42wt%, Mn: 9.27wt%, P: 0.038 wt%, S: 0.004wt%, Cr: 14.71 wt%, Ni: 1.18 wt%, N: 0.189%.
4. The method of manufacturing a high nitrogen low nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the hot rolling process, the steel strip is rapidly cooled by a laminar cooling process after the finish rolling to control the coiling temperature below 820 ℃.
5. The method for manufacturing the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the smelting process, a side gun in the converting process is controlled, a nitrogen supply ratio is gradually increased by a side gun in the middle and last stages of oxidation, full oxygen is gradually switched into full nitrogen side blowing to enter a reduction period, the full nitrogen blowing of the side gun in the reduction period ensures a reduction atmosphere and improves nitrogen content in steel, and nitrogen at the end of the reduction period is 0.30-0.32%.
6. The method for manufacturing the high-nitrogen low-nickel copper-free austenitic stainless steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the smelting process, a side lance is blown with full argon for 3min in the refining period, the molten steel components, the temperature and the inclusion are homogenized, and meanwhile, the nitrogen content is controlled to be 0.18-0.20% by blowing the argon to discharge the excessive nitrogen in the molten steel.
7. The method of manufacturing a high nitrogen, low nickel, copper free austenitic stainless steel of claim 1, further comprising: after the first cold rolling, performing intermediate annealing, wherein the number of the intermediate annealing is one, and the manufacturing method further comprises the following steps: and performing secondary cold rolling after intermediate annealing, and obtaining the nickel-saving austenitic stainless steel strip with the target thickness of 0.2-0.3 mm after the secondary cold rolling.
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