CN110791706A - Austenitic coarse-grain structural steel for cold forging and preparation method of wire rod of austenitic coarse-grain structural steel - Google Patents
Austenitic coarse-grain structural steel for cold forging and preparation method of wire rod of austenitic coarse-grain structural steel Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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Abstract
The invention discloses austenite coarse grain structural steel for cold forging, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.15-0.23%, Mn: 0.35-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, Si: 0.17 to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the structural steel wire rod. The invention adopts the following steps of optimized design of components and controlled rolling and controlled cooling in preparation: controlling opening during rollingThe temperature interval of rolling and finishing rolling is carried out, crystal grains fully grow in the high-temperature interval, a heat-insulating cover is adopted for delayed cooling of the conveying roller way during cooling, and air blowing or water spraying is strictly forbidden, so that the crystal grains are not cooled and refined, and the method can obtain the product
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to structural steel for cold forging, in particular to austenite coarse-grained structural steel for cold forging and a preparation method of a wire rod thereof.
Background
The high-standard structural steel wire rod for cold forging is easy to form by cold machining and control by heat treatment, and can be used in the fields of fasteners in the automobile industry and the like. The austenite actual grain size of steel greatly affects the performance of steel, and under general heating conditions, the higher the heating temperature and the longer the heating time, the larger the austenite grain size. The coarse austenite grains are cooled to obtain coarse transformation products, the mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, fatigue resistance and the like of the coarse transformation products are poor, and the steel with the coarse austenite grains is easy to deform and crack during quenching. However, coarse grain steels differ from the general structural steel group in grain size requirements for the material due to their particular use and processing requirements (the finer the grains the better). When the temperature is increased, the grain boundary strength is decreased faster than the strength of the crystal grain itself due to the increase of the diffusion rate of atoms, the change of the grain boundary structure, the melting of the fusible impurities, and the like. Therefore, above a certain temperature, the grain boundary strength is lower than the strength of the grains themselves, and the creep limit and the permanent strength of the coarse grains are higher than those of the fine grains.
A coarse-grained steel sheet and a method for producing the same are described in patent publication No. CN107083516 entitled "an austenitic coarse-grained steel and a method for producing the same". The composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass (Wt%): 0.20 to 0.24 percent of C/Mn/1.00 to 1.10 percent of Mn/S, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P, 0.28 to 0.35 percent of Si, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel of the invention belongs to a higher alloy series, and the final shape of the product is a plate, which belongs to different product categories with a structural steel wire rod for cold forging.
The weight percentage (Wt%) of the components described in the document "organization and Performance study of SA515Gr70 Steel for boiler pressure vessel" published in 10 months of 1998 in the book of physical and chemical examinations-physical examination: c: 0.27%, Si: 0.32%, Mn: 1.05%, Cr: 0.04%, S: 0.005%, P: 0.013%, Ni: 0.19%, Cu: 0.18%, Al: 0.009% of SA515Gr70 steel, and the composite deoxidizer Ca-Si block is adopted to replace an aluminum block in the steel making process, so that the low aluminizing of the molten steel components is realized, and the 4-grade grain size level can be realized after the plate is rolled. The final shape of the product is a plate, and the product and the structural steel wire rod for cold forging belong to different product categories.
The smelting process of coarse-grained steel cannot use aluminum-containing alloy for deoxidation, so that refining and slagging are difficult. And high-speed wire rod rolling production wire rodIn the process, the cooling rate is high after wire spinning and forming, so that the grain refining tendency is high, and the conventional structural steel production process cannot meet the grain size requirement of 1-5 levels. Therefore, the process route, the rolling control method, and the like in the above-mentioned prior art patent and publication cannot be considered in the high-speed wire rod rolling field.
In summary, no report related to the coarse grain structural steel in the field of high-speed wire rods is found at present, and the production method of the austenite coarse grain structural steel wire rod with controllable process and excellent product quality becomes a hotspot of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide austenitic coarse-grain structural steel for low-carbon cold forging and a preparation method of a wire rod thereof, wherein the final structure of a product is an austenitic structure, and the grain size level is 1-5 levels.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
In one aspect, an austenitic coarse-grained structural steel for cold forging includes, in weight percent:
c: 0.15-0.23%, Mn: 0.35-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, Si: 0.17 to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
On the other hand, the preparation method of the austenite coarse grain structure steel wire rod for cold forging comprises the following steps:
s1, smelting molten steel and continuously casting the molten steel into a steel billet of structural steel;
s2, a heating procedure: the method is divided into a preheating section, a heating section I, a heating section II and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of the heating section I is 850-plus 950 ℃, the temperature of the heating section II is 950-plus 1020 ℃ and the temperature of the soaking section is 950-plus 1020 ℃;
s3, rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 990-.
S4, a cooling procedure: covering a heat-insulating cover for shielding wind and delaying cooling on the cooling conveying roller way so as to control the cooling rate to be less than or equal to 45 ℃/min.
In S2, the heating process is completed in the heating furnace, and the whole furnace time is controlled to be 105-210 min.
The preparation method of the low-carbon cold forging austenite coarse grain structural steel and the wire rod thereof has the following beneficial effects:
1. can obtain
The final structure of the low-carbon austenite coarse grain steel wire rod product is an austenite structure, and the grain size level is 1-5 grade;
2. by controlling the steel grade components, the rolling temperature and the cooling temperature, the material grain control method is stable and reliable, overcomes the defects of complex method, easy occurrence of mixed crystals and the like in the conventional technology, and is beneficial to industrial stable production.
Detailed Description
The austenitic coarse grain structural steel for cold forging comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.15-0.23%, Mn: 0.35-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, Si: 0.17 to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The design principle of the components of the invention is as follows:
carbon: is a main element for improving the strength of the steel and increasing the content of pearlite in the structure. But is disadvantageous in plasticity and thus deteriorates cold workability.
Manganese: manganese plays a role in solid solution strengthening and increasing the strength and hardness of steel, and the manganese content is controlled to be 0.35-0.65%, so that the manganese-containing steel can play a good role in the steel.
Silicon: silicon is a common deoxidizing element, has a solid solution strengthening effect on ferrite in steel, and can also enhance the corrosion resistance of the steel under natural conditions.
Aluminum: al element in steel is generally added as a deoxidizer, most of the Al element is combined with oxygen to generate fine, brittle and hard alumina inclusions, and the aluminum inclusions are not favorable for abrasion of processing cutters, dies and the like. Meanwhile, Al element belongs to refined grain element, and in order to avoid the grain refinement tendency of steel grades, the content of the Al element in the steel grades needs to be strictly controlled. Therefore, in the invention, the Al is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.006 percent, the tendency of grain refinement of seeds can be effectively avoided, and the grain size level can reach 1-5 levels.
Phosphorus, sulfur, chromium and nickel elements are used as residual elements to be controlled, and the residual elements are controlled at a lower content level, so that the steel has better purity, and the fatigue property of the material is improved.
The preparation method of the austenite coarse grain structure steel wire rod for cold forging comprises the working procedures of smelting, heating, rolling, cooling and the like.
Wherein the smelting process comprises the following steps: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into steel billets containing the components;
a heating procedure: the steel billet is heated in a heating furnace and is designed into a preheating section, a heating section I, a heating section II and a soaking section, and the temperature of each heating section is controlled as follows: the temperature of the preheating section is controlled to be less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of the heating I section is controlled to be 950-;
rolling, wherein the initial rolling temperature is controlled to 990-1050 ℃, the inlet temperature of a 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill unit (NTM) is controlled to 840-890 ℃, the final rolling temperature is controlled to 800-850 ℃, and the spinning temperature is controlled to 840-890 ℃;
a cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, controlling the cooling rate to be less than or equal to 45 ℃/min, and strictly prohibiting wind blowing or water mist spraying on a cooling production line.
Example 1
Smelting: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into a steel billet, wherein the steel billet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.15%, Mn: 0.55%, Si: 0.20%, P: 0.011%, S: 0.002%, Cr: 0.01%, N: 0.01%, Cu: 0.02%, Al: 0.002%, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
A heating procedure: heating the steel billet in a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of a preheating section is 820 ℃, the temperature of a heating section I is 917 ℃, the temperature of a heating section II is 963 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1011 ℃, and the in-furnace time is 205 min.
A rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1003 ℃, the inlet temperature of a 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill set is 860 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 825 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 844 ℃.
A cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, wherein the cooling speed is 38 ℃/min, and the cooling production line is strictly forbidden to blow wind or spray water mist.
The low-carbon austenitic coarse grain steel wire rod with the diameter of 14mm obtained in the embodiment has the advantages of good surface quality, 3-grade grain size and 96.9% wire rod yield.
Example 2
Smelting: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into a steel billet, wherein the steel billet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.18%, Mn: 0.48%, Si: 0.22%, P: 0.010%, S: 0.002%, Cr: 0.01%, N: 0.01%, Cu: 0.02%, Al: 0.003% and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
A heating procedure: heating the steel billet in a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of a preheating section is 815 ℃, the temperature of a heating section I is 910 ℃, the temperature of a heating section II is 958 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1015 ℃, and the furnace time is 195 min.
A rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1009 ℃, the inlet temperature of a 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill set is 855 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 830 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 849 ℃.
A cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, wherein the cooling speed is 29 ℃/min, and the cooling production line is strictly forbidden to blow wind or spray water mist.
The low-carbon austenite coarse grain steel wire rod with the diameter of 32mm obtained in the embodiment has good surface quality, the grain size is 2 grade, and the wire rod yield is 97.5%.
Example 3
Smelting: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into a steel billet, wherein the steel billet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.18%, Mn: 0.51%, Si: 0.25%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.003%, Cr: 0.02%, Ni: 0.01%, Cu: 0.01%, Al: 0.003% and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
A heating procedure: heating the steel billet in a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of a preheating section is 839 ℃, the temperature of a heating section I is 933 ℃, the temperature of a heating section II is 979 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1011 ℃, and the furnace time is 175 min.
A rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 999 ℃, the inlet temperature of the 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill set is 865 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 842 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 881 ℃.
A cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, wherein the cooling speed is 35 ℃/min, and the cooling production line is strictly forbidden to blow wind or spray water mist.
The low-carbon austenitic coarse grain steel wire rod with the diameter of 26mm obtained in the embodiment has the advantages of good surface quality, 3-grade grain size and 98.2% wire rod yield.
Example 4
Smelting: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into a steel billet, wherein the steel billet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.17% of C, 0.41% of Mn0.41%, 0.23% of Si, 0.009% of P, 0.003% of S, 0.01% of Cr, 0.01% of Ni, 0.01% of Cu, 0.004% of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
A heating procedure: heating the steel billet in a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of a preheating section is 818 ℃, the temperature of a heating section I is 895 ℃, the temperature of a heating section II is 985 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1009 ℃, and the furnace time is 159 min.
A rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 991 ℃, the entrance temperature of a 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill set is 869 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 855 ℃, and the spinning temperature is 892 ℃.
A cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, wherein the cooling rate is 33 ℃/min, and the low-carbon austenite coarse grain steel wire rod can be obtained by strictly prohibiting blowing wind or spraying water mist on a cooling production line.
The low-carbon austenite coarse grain steel wire rod with the diameter of 18mm obtained in the embodiment has good surface quality, the grain size is 3 grade, and the wire rod yield is 98.3%.
Example 5
Smelting: smelting molten steel and continuously casting into a steel billet, wherein the steel billet comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.23%, Mn: 0.58%, Si: 0.24%, P: 0.009%, S: 0.003%, Cr: 0.01%, N: 0.01%, Cu: 0.02%, Al: 0.003% and the balance of iron and inevitable impurity elements.
A heating procedure: heating the steel billet in a heating furnace, wherein the temperature of a preheating section is 810 ℃, the temperature of a heating section I is 945 ℃, the temperature of a heating section II is 998 ℃, the temperature of a soaking section is 1015 ℃, and the furnace time is 178 min.
A rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is 1005 ℃, the inlet temperature of a 45-degree diagonal high-speed rolling mill set is 872 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 820 ℃ and the spinning temperature is 851 ℃.
A cooling process: covering a heat preservation cover on the cooling conveying roller way, shielding wind and delaying cooling, wherein the cooling speed is 25 ℃/min, and the cooling production line is strictly forbidden to blow wind or spray water mist.
The low-carbon austenite coarse grain steel wire rod with the diameter of 32mm obtained in the embodiment has good surface quality, the grain size is 3 grade, and the wire rod yield is 97.1%.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt%) of austenitic coarse-grained steel wire rods prepared in examples 1 to 5
| Examples | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | Ni | Cu | Al |
| Example 1 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.55 | 0.011 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.002 |
| Example 2 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.48 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.003 |
| Example 3 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.51 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.003 |
| Example 4 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.41 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.004 |
| Example 5 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.58 | 0.009 | 0.003 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.003 |
TABLE 2 grain size of the low carbon austenitic coarse grain steel wire rods of examples 1-5
In conclusion, the invention adopts rolling control and cooling control, controls the temperature interval of initial rolling and final rolling during rolling, ensures that crystal grains grow sufficiently in the high-temperature interval, adopts a heat-insulating cover for delayed cooling during cooling, and strictly prohibits blowing or blowing so as to prevent the crystal grains from being cooled and refined.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An austenitic coarse-grained structural steel for cold forging, characterized by comprising, in weight percent:
c: 0.15-0.23%, Mn: 0.35-0.65%, S is less than or equal to 0.020%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, Si: 0.17 to 0.35 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Al, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The method for manufacturing an austenitic coarse grain structural steel wire rod for cold forging according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, smelting molten steel and continuously casting the molten steel into a steel billet of structural steel;
s2, a heating procedure: the method is divided into a preheating section, a heating section I, a heating section II and a soaking section, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is less than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature of the heating section I is 850-plus-950 ℃, the temperature of the heating section II is 950-plus-1020 ℃ and the temperature of the soaking section is 950-plus-1020 ℃;
s3, rolling procedure: the initial rolling temperature is controlled to be 990-.
S4, a cooling procedure: covering a heat-insulating cover for shielding wind and delaying cooling on the cooling conveying roller way so as to control the cooling rate to be less than or equal to 45 ℃/min.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein: in S2, the heating process is completed in the heating furnace, and the whole furnace time is controlled to be 105-210 min.
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| CN115612936A (en) * | 2022-10-28 | 2023-01-17 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of low-carbon steel wire rod for nail making |
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