CN111957420A

CN111957420A - Building waste pretreatment system and pretreatment method

Info

Publication number: CN111957420A
Application number: CN202010596494.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 龙春国
Original assignee: Beijing Green Use Environmental Protection Science And Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Green Use Environmental Protection Science And Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-06-28
Filing date: 2020-06-28
Publication date: 2020-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-28
Also published as: CN111957420B

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction waste pretreatment system and a pretreatment method, wherein the system comprises an overrun large-piece separator, a double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine and a chain plate conveyor, the overrun large-piece separator comprises a first rack, a first screen and a first hopper, the first screen comprises first bars which are distributed at intervals, and the first bars are obliquely arranged; the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine comprises a second rack, a second screen, a third screen and a second hopper, wherein the second screen comprises a plurality of bar groups, the bar groups are distributed in a step shape from top right to bottom left, each bar group comprises a plurality of second bars distributed at intervals from front to back, the third screen is obliquely arranged from top right to bottom left, the third screen is a steel punching screen plate or a polyurethane screen, the right end of a chain plate conveyor is positioned on the lower side of the first hopper, and the left end of the chain plate conveyor is positioned on the upper side of the second screen, so that the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine has the advantages of strong functionality and good applicability; the method has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency, good impurity removal effect, high economy and the like.

Description

Building waste pretreatment system and pretreatment method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a construction waste treatment technology, in particular to a system for pretreating construction waste before primary crushing and a method for pretreating the construction waste.

Background

With the advance of the urbanization process of China, a large amount of demolition construction waste is generated. In order to realize resource recycling, the construction waste crushing treatment system is generally adopted in the field to crush construction waste so as to produce recycled aggregate with various specifications. The components of the construction waste are complex and mainly comprise brick and tile fragments, concrete blocks, reinforced concrete blocks, concrete floors, waste sandstone blocks, broken glass, broken ceramic tiles, broken stones, earth sand, disassembled reinforcing steel bars, construction waste wood, plastic products, rubber products, textile fabrics and the like; in addition, in the process of building demolition, due to various factors such as different construction units, different construction machines and the like, the particle size of demolition fragments is difficult to control, large-size or even oversized blocks often appear in building waste, and the crushing treatment is difficult.

The pan feeding particle diameter of one-level breaker all receives certain restriction among the broken processing system of building rubbish, in case directly get into one-level breaker in the building rubbish in the big thing piece that surpasss the restriction, then cause the putty to shut down lightly, then cause equipment to damage seriously, had both influenced production efficiency, had increased the operation cost again. For the over-limit large objects in the construction waste, the following two treatment modes are mainly adopted in the field at present: 1) in the process of feeding a primary crusher through a loader, an excavator and other machines, a mechanical operator shovels a found out oversized large object to one side independently so as to carry out concentrated pre-crushing by using a hydraulic hammer, a percussion drill or a hydraulic shear in the following process. The mode can easily interrupt feeding under the condition that the number of the oversized large objects is large, the continuity and the productivity of feeding are influenced, and the safety of equipment is influenced due to the fact that the risk that the oversized large objects are missed to be picked up by operators is covered in the feeding process. 2) The machinery such as excavator is adopted alone before the material loading and the manual work is cooperated to sort out the ultralimit large objects in the construction waste, or the machinery is cooperated with the manual work to sort out the ultralimit large objects before the construction waste is transported to a stock yard. In the mode, manpower and material resources are additionally increased, the cost is increased, and due to the fact that large objects exceeding the limit are mostly buried in the material pile, the searching is difficult, and the sorting efficiency is low.

Meanwhile, the construction waste usually contains a large amount of soil and sand, mainly consists of waste soil, construction mortar and the like, and has low strength and low added value. If the soil and sand are not separated before crushing, the performance grade and the added value of the recycled aggregate are influenced, the efficiency of the primary crusher and the capacity of the whole production line are influenced, and the abrasion to the primary crusher is increased. At present, the water washing method and the screening method are commonly adopted in the field to remove the soil and sand in the construction waste. The washing method needs to consume a large amount of water resources for soil removal, generates sewage, and dries washed sediment, so that the treatment cost is high, and the washing method is not suitable for arid regions with water shortage. At present, the soil removal by a screening method mainly adopts the following two treatment modes in the field: 1) and feeding the materials to a primary crusher by adopting a vibrating feeder with a bar screen, and screening the soil and sand through the bar screen. This mode is because of the screen cut of bar sieve is rectangular shape structure hardly guarantees the particle size specification of the sand under the sieve, often need carry out the secondary screening, receives the restriction of one-level breaker pan feeding mouth size moreover, and the bar sieve that leads to playing the sieve effect is shorter, and screening efficiency is lower, often appears the sand and passes through the condition that the sieve is not enough to get into one-level breaker, has influenced the quality of regeneration aggregate, has reduced the efficiency of one-level breaker. 2) And (3) screening the soil and sand in advance by adopting a drum screen before the first-stage crusher feeds. Because the method is not subjected to primary crushing, large blocks in the construction waste can cause great impact and abrasion on the drum screen, so that the screen barrel is easy to damage, and the use cost is high.

In addition, in the prior art, sundries such as wood, plastics, textile fabrics and the like are not removed before primary crushing, and generally impurity removal and sorting are performed before secondary crushing or after secondary crushing. In this way, for impurities (such as aged hard and brittle plastic products, wood soaked with concrete, and the like) with specific gravity greater than that of water or close to that of the recycled aggregate, once the impurities are crushed by a crusher and mixed with the recycled aggregate, the impurities are difficult to be separated by means of physical screening, wind power specific gravity separation, water washing flotation and the like, and the performance and the quality of the recycled aggregate are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction waste pretreatment system and a pretreatment method, which can economically and efficiently separate out the ultralimit large aggregate, the ultralimit large-size light substance, the soil sand and various impurities in the construction waste to be treated in advance before primary crushing, so as to reduce the difficulty of the subsequent impurity removal process, reduce the overall treatment cost and ensure the performance grade and the additional value of the tail-end recycled aggregate; meanwhile, the soil and sand and the medium and small aggregates which do not need to enter the primary crusher can be shunted in advance according to the particle size, so that the crushing capacity of the primary crusher is fully released, the total feeding amount is further improved, and the effects and purposes of greatly improving the unit yield of a production line and improving the operation benefit are achieved.

The invention provides a building garbage pretreatment system which comprises an overrun large object separator, a double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine and a chain plate conveyor, wherein the overrun large object separator comprises a first rack, a first screen and a first hopper, the first screen and the first hopper are mounted on the first rack, the first screen comprises a plurality of first bars which are distributed at intervals, the first bars are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and the first hopper is positioned on the lower side of the first screen; the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine is arranged on the left side of the ultralimit large material separator and comprises a second rack, a second screen, a third screen and a second hopper, a vibration box with an upper opening and a lower opening is arranged on the second rack, the second screen is arranged in the vibration box and comprises a plurality of bar groups, the bar groups are distributed in a step shape from top right to bottom left, each bar group comprises a plurality of second bars distributed at intervals from front to back, the third screen is obliquely arranged in the vibration box from top right to bottom left and is positioned on the lower side of the second screen, the third screen is a steel punching screen plate or a polyurethane screen, the second hopper is arranged on the lower side of the third screen, and a first discharge port and a second discharge port which correspond to the second screen and the third screen are arranged at the left end of the vibration box; the right end of the chain scraper conveyor is positioned at the lower side of the first hopper, and the left end of the chain scraper conveyor is positioned at the upper side of the second screen.

Further, the building garbage pretreatment system is characterized in that an upper support rod and a lower support rod are arranged on the first rack, two ends of the upper support rod are fixedly connected with the first rack respectively, vertical height-adjusting bolts are fixed at the bottoms of two ends of the lower support rod respectively, the height-adjusting bolts penetrate through strip-shaped connecting holes formed in the first rack, and fastening nuts are mounted on the upper side and the lower side of the strip-shaped connecting holes respectively by the height-adjusting bolts; the bottom of the first bar is provided with a connecting plate, the upper end and the lower end of the connecting plate are correspondingly provided with an upper pipe clamp and a lower pipe clamp, and the upper pipe clamp and the lower pipe clamp are correspondingly arranged on the upper supporting rod and the lower supporting rod.

The construction waste pretreatment system is characterized in that an inclined light material separator is arranged on one side of the lower end of the first screen, an inclined material sliding plate is arranged on the lower side of the light material separator, the light material separator adopts a brush structure, the inclination direction of the light material separator is opposite to that of the first screen, and the inclination direction of the material sliding plate is opposite to that of the light material separator.

Furthermore, the construction waste pretreatment system further comprises a first belt conveyor, a second belt conveyor and a third belt conveyor, wherein one end of the first belt conveyor, one end of the second belt conveyor and one end of the third belt conveyor are correspondingly arranged at the lower sides of the first discharge hole, the second discharge hole and the second hopper; a material collecting barrel is arranged between the second belt conveyor and the second discharge hole, and a fan and a light material output port are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the material collecting barrel.

Further, the building garbage pretreatment system is characterized in that one end, far away from a first discharge port, of the first belt conveyor is located on the upper side of a feed port of the primary crusher, and a belt conveyor is arranged at the discharge port of the primary crusher; the first belt conveyor is arranged at the lower side of one end of the first belt conveyor, which is far away from the first discharge port, and the other end of the first belt conveyor is arranged at the upper side of the belt conveyor; the primary crusher is a component of a construction waste crushing treatment system.

The invention relates to a construction waste pretreatment method, which utilizes the construction waste pretreatment system and comprises the following steps:

firstly, feeding construction waste to an overrun large object separator through a machine;

separating the construction waste by an overrun large-piece separator to obtain overrun large-piece heavy objects, overrun large-piece light objects and separated undersize objects;

thirdly, conveying the separated undersize to a double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine through a chain plate conveyor;

screening the separated undersize by a double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine to obtain an upper-layer oversize, a lower-layer oversize and a lower-layer undersize soil;

fifthly, conveying the oversize material of the upper layer screen to a primary crusher through a first belt conveyor, and removing non-aggregate impurities in the oversize material of the upper layer screen through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process;

the particle sizes of the ultralimit large heavy objects and the ultralimit large light objects are larger than Dmm, the particle size of the separated undersize objects is smaller than or equal to Dmm, the Dmm represents the maximum particle size allowed by a feeding port of the primary crusher, and the primary crusher is a component device of a construction waste crushing treatment system.

Further, the construction waste pretreatment method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps:

sixthly, removing non-aggregate impurities in the ultralimit large heavy object through manual sorting to obtain ultralimit large aggregate;

seventhly, crushing the ultralimit large aggregate through a machine, and then feeding the crushed ultralimit large aggregate to an ultralimit large aggregate separator.

eighthly, carrying out wind power specific gravity separation on the oversize products on the lower layer by a fan to obtain heavy products and light products;

and ninthly, conveying the heavy materials to a primary crushing subsequent process through a second belt conveyor and a fourth belt conveyor, and removing non-aggregate impurities in the heavy materials through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process.

tenthly, transferring the soil and sand below the lower-layer screen to a position far away from the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine through a third belt conveyor.

Further, the invention relates to a construction waste pretreatment method, wherein in the step one, the step of mechanically feeding construction waste to the ultralimit large object separator is that the construction waste is directly fed to the ultralimit large object separator through a loader or an excavator, or the construction waste is fed to a conveying device through the loader or the excavator and then conveyed to the ultralimit large object separator through the conveying device; in the seventh step, the mechanical crushing of the ultralimit large aggregates means that the ultralimit large aggregates are crushed to a particle size less than or equal to Dmm by a hydraulic hammer, a hammer drill or a hydraulic shear.

Compared with the prior art, the building garbage pretreatment system and the pretreatment method have the following advantages: the invention is provided with an overrun large-piece separator, a double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine and a chain plate conveyor, wherein the overrun large-piece separator is provided with a first frame, a first screen and a first hopper which are arranged on the first frame, the first screen is provided with a plurality of first bars which are distributed at intervals, the first bars are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and the first hopper is positioned at the lower side of the first screen; the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine is arranged on the left side of the ultralimit large material separator, the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine is provided with a second rack, a second screen, a third screen and a second hopper, a vibration box with an upper opening and a lower opening is arranged on the second rack, the second screen is arranged in the vibration box, the second screen is provided with a plurality of bar groups, the bar groups are distributed in a step shape from the upper right to the lower left, each bar group is provided with a plurality of second bars which are distributed at intervals front and back, the third screen is obliquely arranged in the vibration box from the upper right to the lower left, the third screen is arranged on the lower side of the second screen and adopts a steel punching sieve plate or a polyurethane screen, the second hopper is arranged on the lower side of the third screen, and the left end of the vibration box is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port which correspond to the second screen and the third screen; the right end of the chain scraper conveyor is arranged on the lower side of the first hopper, and the left end of the chain scraper conveyor is arranged on the upper side of the second screen. Therefore, the building waste pretreatment system is simple in structure, low in cost, strong in functionality, good in applicability, safe and reliable. In practical application, the construction waste is fed to the ultralimit large-piece separator, the ultralimit large-piece pieces exceeding the limit of the first-stage crusher can be separated out through the first screen, and the materials meeting the requirement of the first-stage crusher can pass through the first screen to become separated undersize and fall to the chain plate conveyor and are conveyed to the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine through the chain plate conveyor, so that the problems of material blockage and machine halt and equipment damage caused by the fact that the subsequent ultralimit large-piece pieces enter the first-stage crusher are effectively avoided; after the separation undersize thing is sieved through the second screen cloth and the third screen cloth of the double-deck reposition of redundant personnel soil removal screening machine, can form upper screen material, lower floor's oversize thing and lower floor's undersize soil sand, follow-up through sorting and air separation remove except that aggregate debris and light thing after, with upper screen material and lower floor's oversize thing remaining aggregate correspondence carry to one-level breaker and the broken follow-up process of one-level can, realized the technical purpose of material reposition of redundant personnel and get rid of soil sand, guaranteed the performance and the quality of regeneration aggregate, improved production efficiency and productivity, reduced equipment wearing and tearing. According to the invention, the first screen of the ultralimit large object separator adopts the bar type screen, so that the first screen is provided with a plurality of first bars distributed at intervals, and the first bars are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, so that the material loading can be directly carried, the ultralimit large objects can be effectively isolated, and the ultralimit large object separator has the advantages of simple structure, no need of power, low use cost and high separation efficiency. According to the double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine, the second screen of the double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine is a stepped bar-type screen, so that materials can be fully scattered, and the effectiveness and reliability of material screening are improved; the third screen cloth through letting double-deck reposition of redundant personnel remove native sieve separator adopts steel sieve or the polyurethane screen cloth that punches a hole, can effectively avoid hanging material and stifled hole, makes the sand and soil pass through the sieve more high-efficient, thorough. The construction waste pretreatment method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency and good impurity removal effect.

The construction waste pretreatment system and the pretreatment method according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of a construction waste pretreatment system of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a front view of an overrun large object separator in the construction waste pretreatment system of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of an overrun large object separator in the construction waste pretreatment system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a left side view of an overrun large object separator in the construction waste pretreatment system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a top view of a double-deck diverting soil-removing screening machine in a construction waste pretreatment system according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a view taken along line C-C of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a construction waste pretreatment method according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

First, it should be noted that, the directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc. described in the present invention are only described with reference to the accompanying drawings for easy understanding, and do not limit the technical solution and the claimed scope of the present invention.

The embodiment of the construction waste pretreatment system of the invention shown in fig. 1 to 8 comprises an overrun large object separator 1, a double-layer diversion soil removal screening machine 2 and a chain scraper conveyor 3. The overrun large object separator 1 comprises a first frame 11, a first screen 12 and a first hopper 13, wherein the first screen 12 and the first hopper 13 are mounted on the first frame 11, the first screen 12 is provided with a plurality of first bars 121 which are distributed at intervals, the first bars 121 are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and the first hopper 13 is positioned on the lower side of the first screen 12. The double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 is arranged on the left side of the ultralimit large material separator 1, the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 comprises a second rack 21, a second screen 22, a third screen 23 and a second hopper 24, a vibration box 211 with an upper opening and a lower opening is arranged on the second rack 21, the second screen 22 is arranged in the vibration box 211, the second screen 22 is provided with a plurality of bar groups, the bar groups are distributed in a step shape from the upper right to the lower left, and each bar group is provided with a plurality of second bars 221 distributed at intervals from front to back; the third screen 23 is obliquely arranged in the vibration box 211 from top right to bottom left, the third screen 23 is arranged at the lower side of the second screen 22, and the third screen 23 is made of a steel punched screen plate or a polyurethane screen; the second hopper 24 is disposed at a lower side of the third screen 23, and a first discharge port 212 and a second discharge port 213 corresponding to the second screen 22 and the third screen 23 are provided at a left end of the vibration box 211. The right end of the slat conveyor 3 is positioned on the lower side of the first hopper 13, and the left end of the slat conveyor 3 is positioned on the upper side of the second screen 22.

The construction waste pretreatment system is simple in structure, low in cost, strong in functionality, good in applicability, safe and reliable. In practical application, construction waste is fed to the overrun large-piece separator 1, overrun large-piece objects exceeding the limit of the first-stage crusher 9 can be separated out through the first screen 12, materials meeting the requirements of the first-stage crusher 9 can become separated undersize objects through the first screen 12, fall to the chain plate conveyor 3 through the first hopper 13 and are conveyed to the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine 2 through the chain plate conveyor 3, and the problems of material blockage shutdown and equipment damage caused by the fact that the follow-up overrun large-piece objects enter the first-stage crusher 9 are effectively avoided; after the separated undersize is screened by the second screen 22 and the third screen 23 of the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine 2, the oversize on the upper layer, the oversize on the lower layer and the soil sand under the lower layer can be formed, after non-aggregate sundries and light matters are subsequently removed through sorting and air separation, the remaining aggregates in the oversize on the upper layer and the oversize on the lower layer are correspondingly conveyed to the primary crusher 9 and the primary crushing subsequent process, the technical purposes of material shunting and soil sand removing are achieved, the performance and the quality of the recycled aggregates are guaranteed, the production efficiency and the productivity are improved, and the equipment abrasion is reduced. According to the invention, the first screen 12 of the ultralimit large object separator 1 is a bar screen, so that the first screen 12 is provided with a plurality of first bars 121 distributed at intervals, and the first bars 121 are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, so that the first screen can directly bear and feed materials, and can effectively isolate ultralimit large objects. According to the invention, the second screen 22 of the double-layer shunting soil removal screening machine 2 is a stepped bar screen, so that materials can be fully scattered, and the effectiveness and reliability of material screening are improved; the third screen 23 of the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 adopts a steel punching screen plate or a polyurethane screen, so that material hanging and hole blocking can be effectively avoided, and the sand and soil penetrating screening is more efficient and thorough. It should be noted that the primary crusher 9 is a component of a construction waste crushing system, and the construction waste crushing system is the prior art in the field and is not described herein again. The building garbage pretreatment system provided by the invention is a system for pretreating building garbage before primary crushing so as to remove ultralimit large objects, soil sand, non-aggregate impurities and the like in the building garbage. In practical application, the bar spacing of the first screen 12 in the overrun large-piece separator 1 is set according to the feeding particle size allowed by the first-stage crusher 9 so as to ensure that the overrun large-piece can be effectively separated and removed, the bar spacing of the second screen 22 in the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 is set according to actual requirements so as to ensure that the particle size of oversize products on the lower layer is below secondary breakage, and the particle size of oversize products on the upper layer is above secondary breakage as much as possible, so that non-aggregate sundries can be conveniently sorted subsequently; the meshes of the third screen 23 in the double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 are set according to the process requirements so as to ensure that sandy soil can fully pass through the screen.

As an optimized scheme, the first screen 12 of the ultralimit large material separator 1 adopts the following installation mode: an upper supporting rod 111 and a lower supporting rod 112 are arranged on the first rack 11, two ends of the upper supporting rod 111 are respectively and fixedly connected with the first rack 11, vertical heightening bolts 113 are respectively fixed at the bottoms of two ends of the lower supporting rod 112, the heightening bolts 113 penetrate through strip-shaped connecting holes arranged on the first rack 11, and fastening nuts 114 are respectively arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the heightening bolts 113 at the strip-shaped connecting holes; meanwhile, a connection plate 122 is provided at the bottom of the first bar 121, an upper pipe clamp 123 and a lower pipe clamp 124 are provided at upper and lower ends of the connection plate 122, respectively, and the upper pipe clamp 123 and the lower pipe clamp 124 are mounted on the upper support rod 111 and the lower support rod 112, respectively. The structure can realize the purpose of adjusting the distance between the first bars 121 by adjusting the positions of the upper pipe clamp 123 and the lower pipe clamp 124, and can realize the purpose of adjusting the angle of the first screen 12 by adjusting the height-adjusting bolt 113 up and down, so that the ultralimit large object separator 1 can be matched with different construction waste crushing treatment systems, and the adaptability and the practicability are improved. It should be noted that in practical applications, the present invention also provides the second bars 221 of the second screen 22 of the double-deck divided soil removal screen 2 in an adjustable manner so as to be adjusted according to practical needs.

Preferably, in the present embodiment, the overrun large material separator 1 is provided with an inclined light material separator 14 on the lower end side of the first screen 12, and an inclined material chute 15 below the light material separator 14. Wherein, the inclination direction of the light weight separator 14 is opposite to the inclination direction of the first screen 12, the inclination direction of the material sliding plate 15 is opposite to the inclination direction of the light weight separator 14, and the light weight separator 14 adopts a hairbrush structure. This structural arrangement can be with heavy object and the light thing in the big thing of transfinite separately, and the big thing of transfinite light can fall to near under the effect of blockking of light thing separator 14, and transfinite big heavy object can break through light thing separator 14 because of inertia and fall on swift current flitch 15 to through swift current flitch 15 landing far away, thereby realized the technical purpose of a tractor-drawn separation three kinds of materials, effectively reduced the degree of difficulty and the intensity of labour of follow-up letter sorting, further strengthened functional and practicality.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention further provides a first belt conveyor 4, a second belt conveyor 5 and a third belt conveyor 6, and one end of the first belt conveyor 4, the second belt conveyor 5 and the third belt conveyor 6 is located at the lower side of the first discharge port 212, the second discharge port 213 and the second hopper 24. The first belt conveyor 4 and the second belt conveyor 5 are arranged to correspondingly convey oversize products on the upper layer and oversize products on the lower layer, and non-aggregate impurities are conveniently sorted out manually or mechanically in the conveying process, so that the performance and the quality of the recycled aggregate are improved; the soil and sand below the lower layer of the screen can be conveyed to a remote place through the third belt conveyor 6 so as to avoid influencing production. In the present invention, as a specific embodiment, a material receiving cylinder 7 is disposed between the second belt conveyor 5 and the second material outlet 213, and a fan 71 and a light material outlet are correspondingly disposed on both sides of the material receiving cylinder 7. The structure is arranged in the process that the oversize materials on the lower layer fall, and the wind power specific gravity separation is carried out through the fan 71, so that the light materials can be effectively removed, and the practicability is enhanced. In the present invention, as a specific embodiment, one end of the first belt conveyor 4 away from the first discharge port 212 is located above the feeding port of the primary crusher 9, so as to directly convey the aggregates left after the upper screen material is sorted to the primary crusher 9, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and a transfer manner may also be adopted. Meanwhile, the belt conveyor 91 is arranged at the discharge port of the primary crusher 9, the fourth belt conveyor 8 is arranged, one end of the fourth belt conveyor 8 is located at the lower side of the end, away from the second discharge port 213, of the second belt conveyor 5, the other end of the fourth belt conveyor 8 is located at the upper side of the belt conveyor 91, and therefore aggregates left after the lower-layer oversize is sorted can be conveyed to the primary crushing subsequent process through the second belt conveyor 5 and the fourth belt conveyor 8.

Practical application shows that the construction waste pretreatment system provided by the invention can produce the following beneficial effects: 1) the ultralimit large object separator can efficiently and low-cost remove ultralimit large objects in the construction waste in advance, and effectively solves the problems of material blockage shutdown and equipment damage caused by the ultralimit large objects entering the primary crusher and further production delay. 2) The material can be efficiently screened into upper-layer oversize materials, lower-layer oversize materials and lower-layer undersize soil sands by the double-layer shunting soil removal screening machine, the performance and the quality of the recycled aggregate are guaranteed by effectively removing the soil sands, the crushing capacity of the primary crusher is improved, and the equipment abrasion can be effectively reduced; the upper-layer oversize materials and the lower-layer oversize materials are screened and then correspondingly conveyed to a primary crusher and a primary crushing subsequent process after being sorted, so that the production efficiency and the productivity are improved. 3) The first belt conveyor and the second belt conveyor create favorable conditions for manual sorting or mechanical sorting of non-aggregate sundries, the purity of materials before crushing is guaranteed, and the recycled aggregates with various specifications can be obtained only by simple crushing, iron removal and grading screening subsequently, so that the subsequent processes are simplified, the subsequent sorting difficulty is reduced, and the performance grade and the additional value of the recycled aggregates are improved.

As shown in fig. 9, based on the same concept, the invention also provides a construction waste pretreatment method, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, the construction waste is fed to the overrun large object separator 1 through a machine.

And secondly, separating the construction waste by an overrun large-piece separator 1 to obtain overrun large-piece heavy objects, overrun large-piece light objects and separated undersize objects. The ultralimit large heavy objects and the ultralimit large light objects are removed through separation, and the phenomena of shutdown and equipment damage caused by material blockage are effectively avoided.

And thirdly, conveying the separated undersize to a double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine 2 through a chain plate conveyor 3.

And fourthly, screening the separated undersize through a double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine 2 to obtain the oversize on the upper layer, the oversize on the lower layer and the soil and sand under the lower layer. The double-layer shunting soil removal screening machine 2 is used for separating three substances, is favorable for scattering materials, reduces the subsequent sorting difficulty, removes soil and sand through screening, ensures the quality of recycled aggregate, reduces the equipment abrasion, and sufficiently releases the crushing capacity of the primary crusher by shunting the medium and small aggregates which do not need to enter the primary crusher in advance, so that the total feeding amount is increased, and the purpose of greatly improving the production line efficiency and the economic benefit is realized.

Fifthly, conveying the oversize products to a primary crusher through a first belt conveyor 4, and removing non-aggregate impurities in the oversize products through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process. Except for aggregate impurities, the method ensures the purity of the materials before crushing, simplifies subsequent processes, reduces the difficulty of subsequent separation and improves the performance grade and the added value of the recycled aggregate.

The particle sizes of the ultralimit large heavy objects and the ultralimit large light objects are larger than Dmm, the particle size of the separated undersize objects is smaller than or equal to Dmm, the Dmm represents the maximum allowable particle size of a feeding port of the primary crusher, and in practical application, the Dmm is generally 600-700 mm.

Compared with the prior art that the impurities are removed after the primary crushing or after the secondary crushing, the impurities are strictly removed before the primary crushing, so that the impurities can be thoroughly removed, the quality of the recycled aggregate is fully ensured, the subsequent treatment procedures can be effectively simplified, and the recycled aggregate with various particle sizes can be obtained only by simple crushing, iron removal and grading screening.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

and sixthly, removing non-aggregate impurities in the ultralimit large heavy object through manual sorting to obtain the ultralimit large aggregate. And non-aggregate impurities are removed by sorting, so that the purity of the material and the performance grade and additional value of the recycled aggregate are improved.

Seventhly, crushing the ultralimit large aggregate through a machine, and then feeding the crushed ultralimit large aggregate to the ultralimit large aggregate separator 1.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

eighthly, carrying out wind power specific gravity separation on the oversize products on the lower layer by a fan 71 to obtain heavy products and light products. The light materials are removed by wind power specific gravity separation, so that the purity of the materials and the quality of the recycled aggregate are improved.

And ninthly, conveying the heavy materials to a primary crushing subsequent process through a second belt conveyor 5 and a fourth belt conveyor 8, and removing non-aggregate impurities in the heavy materials through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process. Non-aggregate impurities are removed through sorting, so that the purity of the material and the quality of the recycled aggregate are improved; the heavy materials are conveyed to the first-stage crushing subsequent process after being sorted, so that the crushing efficiency and the productivity are improved.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

and tenthly, transferring the soil and sand below the lower layer of the screen to a position far away from the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine 2 through a third belt conveyor 6.

In the first step, the mechanically feeding the construction waste to the ultralimit large object separator 1 means that the construction waste is directly fed to the ultralimit large object separator 1 by a loader or an excavator, or the construction waste is fed to a conveying device by the loader or the excavator and then conveyed to the ultralimit large object separator 1 by the conveying device. In the seventh step, the mechanical crushing of the ultralimit large aggregates means that the ultralimit large aggregates are crushed to a particle size less than or equal to Dmm by a hydraulic hammer, a hammer drill or a hydraulic shear.

The construction waste pretreatment method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, high treatment efficiency and good impurity removal effect. The mechanical sorting is to sort non-aggregate sundries by intelligent equipment such as a manipulator. Construction waste and materials are only distinguished according to the position and convenient representation, and the same concept should be understood. Non-aggregate sundries, sand and soil and light objects generated by the construction waste pretreatment method can be delivered to corresponding downstream factories according to classification for resource recycling, so that resource waste is avoided, and economic benefits are improved.

The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the claimed invention, and various modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the scope of the invention defined by the claims without departing from the design concept of the present invention.

Claims

1. The building garbage pretreatment system is characterized by comprising an overrun large-piece separator (1), a double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine (2) and a chain plate conveyor (3), wherein the overrun large-piece separator (1) comprises a first rack (11), a first screen (12) and a first hopper (13), the first screen (12) and the first hopper are mounted on the first rack (11), the first screen (12) comprises a plurality of first bars (121) distributed at intervals, the first bars (121) are obliquely arranged from top to bottom, and the first hopper (13) is positioned on the lower side of the first screen (12); the double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine (2) is arranged on the left side of the ultralimit large material separator (1), the double-layer shunt soil removal screening machine (2) comprises a second rack (21), a second screen (22), a third screen (23) and a second hopper (24), a vibration box (211) with an upper opening and a lower opening is arranged on the second rack (21), the second screen (22) is arranged in the vibration box (211), the second screen (22) comprises a plurality of bar groups, the bar groups are distributed in a ladder shape from the upper right to the lower left, each bar group comprises a plurality of second bars (221) distributed at intervals from the front to the rear, the third screen (23) is obliquely arranged in the vibration box (211) from the upper right to the lower left, the third screen (23) is arranged on the lower side of the second screen (22), the third screen (23) is a steel punching screen plate or a polyurethane screen, the second screen (24) is arranged on the lower side of the third hopper (23), a first discharge hole (212) and a second discharge hole (213) which correspond to the second screen (22) and the third screen (23) are formed in the left end of the vibration box (211); the right end of the chain scraper conveyor (3) is positioned at the lower side of the first hopper (13), and the left end of the chain scraper conveyor (3) is positioned at the upper side of the second screen (22).

2. The construction waste pretreatment system according to claim 1, wherein an upper support rod (111) and a lower support rod (112) are arranged on the first frame (11), two ends of the upper support rod (111) are respectively and fixedly connected with the first frame (11), vertical height-adjusting bolts (113) are respectively fixed at the bottoms of two ends of the lower support rod (112), the height-adjusting bolts (113) penetrate through strip-shaped connecting holes arranged on the first frame (11), and fastening nuts (114) are respectively arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the strip-shaped connecting holes of the height-adjusting bolts (113); the bottom of the first bar (121) is provided with a connecting plate (122), the upper end and the lower end of the connecting plate (122) are correspondingly provided with an upper pipe clamp (123) and a lower pipe clamp (124), and the upper pipe clamp (123) and the lower pipe clamp (124) are correspondingly arranged on the upper supporting rod (111) and the lower supporting rod (112).

3. The construction waste pretreatment system according to claim 2, wherein the overrun large material separator (1) is provided with an inclined light material separator (14) at a lower end side of the first screen (12), an inclined material chute plate (15) is provided at a lower side of the light material separator (14), the light material separator (14) adopts a brush structure, an inclined direction of the light material separator (14) is opposite to an inclined direction of the first screen (12), and an inclined direction of the material chute plate (15) is opposite to an inclined direction of the light material separator (14).

4. The construction waste pretreatment system according to claim 3, further comprising a first belt conveyor (4), a second belt conveyor (5) and a third belt conveyor (6), wherein one end of the first belt conveyor (4), one end of the second belt conveyor (5) and one end of the third belt conveyor (6) are correspondingly arranged at the lower sides of the first discharge port (212), the second discharge port (213) and the second hopper (24); a material collecting barrel (7) is arranged between the second belt conveyor (5) and the second discharge hole (213), and a fan (71) and a light material output port are correspondingly arranged on two sides of the material collecting barrel (7).

5. The construction waste pretreatment system according to claim 4, wherein one end of the first belt conveyor (4) far away from the first discharge port (212) is positioned on the upper side of a feed port of the primary crusher, and a belt conveyor is arranged at a discharge port of the primary crusher; the device is characterized by further comprising a fourth belt conveyor (8), wherein one end of the fourth belt conveyor (8) is positioned at the lower side of one end, far away from the second discharge hole (213), of the second belt conveyor (5), and the other end of the fourth belt conveyor (8) is positioned at the upper side of the belt conveyor; the primary crusher is a component of a construction waste crushing treatment system.

6. A construction waste pretreatment method using the construction waste pretreatment system according to claim 5, comprising the steps of:

firstly, feeding construction waste to an overrun large object separator (1) through a machine;

separating the construction waste by an overrun large-piece separator (1) to obtain overrun large-piece heavy objects, overrun large-piece light objects and separated undersize objects;

thirdly, conveying the separated undersize to a double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine (2) through a chain plate conveyor (3);

screening the separated undersize by a double-layer shunting and soil-removing screening machine (2) to obtain upper-layer oversize products, lower-layer oversize products and lower-layer undersize soil;

fifthly, conveying the oversize product of the upper layer to a first-stage crusher through a first belt conveyor (4), and removing non-aggregate impurities in the oversize product of the upper layer through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process;

7. The construction waste pretreatment method according to claim 6, further comprising the steps of:

seventhly, crushing the ultralimit large aggregate through a machine, and then feeding the crushed ultralimit large aggregate to the ultralimit large aggregate separator (1).

8. The construction waste pretreatment method according to claim 7, further comprising the steps of:

eighthly, carrying out wind power specific gravity separation on the oversize products on the lower layer by a fan (71) to obtain heavy products and light products;

and ninthly, conveying the heavy materials to a primary crushing subsequent process through a second belt conveyor (5) and a fourth belt conveyor (8), and removing non-aggregate impurities in the heavy materials through manual sorting or mechanical sorting in the conveying process.

9. The construction waste pretreatment method according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of:

tenthly, transferring the soil and sand below the lower layer of the screen to a position far away from the double-layer shunting and soil removing screening machine (2) through a third belt conveyor (6).

10. The construction waste pretreatment method according to claim 9, wherein in step one, the construction waste is mechanically fed to the oversized object separator (1), which means that the construction waste is directly fed to the oversized object separator (1) by a loader or an excavator, or the construction waste is fed to a conveying device by a loader or an excavator and then conveyed to the oversized object separator (1) by the conveying device; in the seventh step, the mechanical crushing of the ultralimit large aggregates means that the ultralimit large aggregates are crushed to a particle size less than or equal to Dmm by a hydraulic hammer, a hammer drill or a hydraulic shear.