CN111955122A - Fertilizing method for improving quality and yield of maca - Google Patents

Fertilizing method for improving quality and yield of maca Download PDF

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CN111955122A
CN111955122A CN202010842587.6A CN202010842587A CN111955122A CN 111955122 A CN111955122 A CN 111955122A CN 202010842587 A CN202010842587 A CN 202010842587A CN 111955122 A CN111955122 A CN 111955122A
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maca
fertilizer
yield
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quality
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范伟
施辉能
李�浩
徐瑞
龙光强
田洋
马丽宣
王占旗
王顺达
张广辉
陈军文
杨生超
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Yunnan Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses

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  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: planting 1 seedling in each hole with a planting depth of 3-5cm and a planting number of 336 plants in each cell by adopting artificial transplanting, leveling, making furrows and covering a black light-reflecting insect-preventing mulching film; s2, spreading all organic fertilizers as base fertilizers before transplanting; phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are applied in holes; the remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in 8 months and once in 9 months respectively. The invention obviously improves the growth, yield and quality of agronomic characters of the overground part and the underground part of the maca by additionally applying the organic fertilizer. In 8-10 months, the plant grows mainly around the overground part, the highest overground part fresh weight of the plant reaches 99.70 g/plant in 10 months, the underground part grows faster from 10 months, and the highest underground part fresh weight reaches 54.98 g/plant in 11 months; in the whole growth period, the maca has higher demand for phosphorus and potassium in the early growth period, and the demand for nitrogen in the growth period is adapted.

Description

Fertilizing method for improving quality and yield of maca
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a fertilizing method for improving the quality and the yield of maca.
Background
Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) is a one-year to two-year old herbaceous plant of Lepidium of Brassicaceae, is native to the puna agroecological region of 4000-4500m in the middle of the Peru Andes mountain, and has reputations of Peru ginseng and south American ginseng in local folks. The underground expanded storage root of maca is a main edible part, and has remarkable effects in the aspects of strengthening energy, resisting fatigue, improving sexual function and treating female climacteric syndrome due to the fact that the storage root is rich in active ingredients such as maca amide compounds and maca alkene. After the introduction of China in 2002, domestication and cultivation in different areas and many years of comparative tests show that the Yunnan Lijiang and Huizhigao high-altitude areas are considered to be the most suitable production areas for planting maca in China. In 2011, maca is approved as a new resource food by China and then is planted in two large areas in a large area. However, the production is lack of high-quality provenance, standard planting mode and reasonable fertilization guidance for a long time, so that the yield and quality of maca are unstable, and the product efficacy is difficult to guarantee.
At present, the demand for maca is increasing at home and abroad, the planting of the maca at home lacks scientific industrial development planning, and the artificial cultivation technology is laggard, so that the yield and the quality of the maca are continuously reduced, and therefore, the development and the improvement of the standardized cultivation of the maca are imperative. In the cultivation, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in combination with the organic fertilizer to promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of medicinal materials and improve the quality, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied in combination with the organic fertilizer to a large number of medicinal materials such as ligusticum wallichii, isatis root, salvia miltiorrhiza and the like. Organic fertilizer also has important influence on medicinal plants, and the effect of the organic fertilizer is usually ignored in the actual production of the medicinal plants. However, researches on applying inorganic fertilizers or single chemical fertilizers and increasing organic fertilizers mainly concentrate in maca cultivation, and researches on maca by applying organic fertilizers in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are not reported. In actual production, farmers mainly use compound fertilizers as main materials and apply a small amount of farmyard manure, and the farmyard manure is applied completely by experience. Therefore, the main content of the test is to analyze the influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium distribution and the increased application of organic fertilizer on the physiological growth, nutrient absorption, yield and quality of maca, so as to obtain a reasonable fertilization mode and provide a basis for guiding the reasonable fertilization of maca.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem that the high yield of maca planting cannot be realized by the fertilizing method in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide the fertilizing method for improving the quality and the yield of maca, so as to meet the requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the maca growth period.
The invention provides a fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: planting 1 seedling in each hole with a planting depth of 3-5cm and a planting number of 336 plants in each cell by adopting artificial transplanting, leveling, making furrows and covering a black light-reflecting insect-preventing mulching film;
s2, spreading all organic fertilizers as base fertilizers before transplanting; phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are applied in holes; the remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied once in 8 months and once in 9 months respectively.
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,in step S2, the organic fertilizer is a tobacco residue organic fertilizer, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, the organic matter content is equal to or larger than 45%, and the content of N + P is N + P2O5+K2O is not less than 5% and water content is not less than 30%.
Preferably, in step S2, the fertilizer used is urea with N ≧ 46% and ordinary calcium with P2O5≧ 16% and potassium sulfate K2O≧50％。
Preferably, in step S1, the fertilizer is applied per mu according to the mass ratio of N: P2O5:K2O: organic fertilizer is 6:4:6: 375.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the growth, yield and quality of agronomic characters of the upper parts and the underground parts of the maca are obviously improved by additionally applying the organic fertilizer. In 8-10 months, the plant grows mainly around the overground part, the highest overground part fresh weight of the plant reaches 99.70 g/plant in 10 months, the underground part grows faster from 10 months, and the highest underground part fresh weight reaches 54.98 g/plant in 11 months; during the whole growth period, the demand of phosphorus and potassium is high in the early growth period of maca, and the demand of nitrogen is high during the whole growth period.
(2) The fertilizing method adapts to the growth rule of maca and the requirements on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and improves the yield.
The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating the variation of nitrogen content in the subsurface during various treatments at different times in accordance with a first embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the variation of the phosphorous content in the subterranean zone from each treatment of the first embodiment over different periods of time;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the change in potassium content of the subterranean zone from treatment to treatment at different times according to the first example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the variation of the different fertilisation treatments provided in the first example on the content of maca underground amides;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the variation of the various fertilization treatments on the limonene content of the maca underground portion provided by the first embodiment;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the change of the mustard oil content in the underground part of maca by different fertilization treatments according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a graph of the ash content of the underground part of maca obtained by different fertilization treatments according to the first embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a graph of the yield of maca according to the different fertilizing treatments provided by the first embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which several embodiments of the invention are shown, but which may be embodied in different forms and not limited to the embodiments described herein, but which are provided so as to provide a more thorough and complete disclosure of the invention.
1. Materials and methods
1.1 overview of the test materials and the test sites
The experimental material is black maca bred in Huizue county of Yunnan province. The test was carried out at an altitude of 3237.7m, 103 ° 23 'E, 26 ° 29' N, in township, huizhou, Yunnan province. The soil type of the test field is subalpine meadow soil, the pH value of the test field soil is 4.91, the content of organic matters is 5.695%, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 262.5mg/kg, the content of available phosphorus is 18.165mg/kg, and the content of quick-acting potassium is 308.125 mg/kg.
The organic fertilizer used in the test is a tobacco residue organic fertilizer produced by a chemical plant in the Michelia yunnanensis, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, the organic matter content is not less than 45%, and the content of N + P is not less than2O5+K2O is not less than 5%, and water content is not less than 30%. The fertilizer is urea (containing N ≧ 46%), calcium superphosphate (containing P)2O5≧ 16%) and potassium sulfate (containing K)2O≧50％)；
A fertilizing mode: all the organic fertilizers are used as base fertilizers and are spread before transplanting; phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are applied in holes; the remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 8 and 9 months respectively.
1.2 design of the experiment
The test was carried out in a total of 6 treatments, 3 replicates, and the specific amount of fertilizer applied for each treatment is shown in table 1. The experimental community is 6m wide, 4m long and 24m in area2Each cellThe method comprises three furrows (the width of the furrow is 1.8m), two furrows (the width of the furrow is 0.3m), the depth of the furrow is 25cm, the row spacing of the plants is 25 multiplied by 25cm, manual transplanting is adopted, 1 seedling is fixedly planted in each hole, the planting depth is 3-5cm, the number of the plants fixedly planted in each cell is 336, the furrows are leveled, and black reflective insect-proof mulching films are covered.
TABLE 1 test treatment and amount of fertilizer applied (unit: kg/hm)2)
Figure BDA0002641974720000051
1.3 items of measurement
1.3.1 determination of physical and chemical indexes of foundation soil sample
Collecting field soil samples before transplanting, taking 0-20cm soil samples by adopting a five-point sampling method, air drying, sieving and storing. The measurement indexes and methods are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 determination items and methods for physical and chemical indexes of foundation soil samples
Figure BDA0002641974720000052
1.3.2 determination of agronomic traits, nutrient absorption, quality and yield of Lepidium meyenii Walp
Determination of agronomic characters: measuring the root diameter with a vernier caliper; the plant height, the root length and the crown width can be measured by a measuring tape; the dry and fresh weights were measured with a balance.
And (3) nutrient absorption determination: the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the underground part of the maca are determined by adopting H2SO4-H2O2Digestion, distillation and nitrogen determination for total nitrogen, vanadium-molybdenum-yellow colorimetric method for total phosphorus, and flame photometry for total potassium.
The maca quality items and methods are shown in table 3, and the individual plant yields and cell yields were determined.
TABLE 3 maca quality determination items and methods
Figure BDA0002641974720000061
2. Results and analysis
2.1 Effect of treatments in different periods on the agronomic character of maca
2.1.1 influence of each treatment in different periods on agronomic characters of the overground parts of maca
As shown in table 4, the agronomic performance of the applied organic fertilizer in the different fertilization treatments was better than that of the upper part of the maca land applied with inorganic fertilizer as a whole. Before 10 months, the maca grows around the overground parts (plant height, canopy width, leaf number and overground weight) of maca, the overground parts grow to be 99.7 g/plant at the highest stage, and compared with A1 and A2, the plant height, canopy width, leaf number, overground fresh weight and dry weight of A1+ M, A2+ M are improved. The application of the organic fertilizer has a certain promotion effect on the agronomic characters of the overground part of the maca.
TABLE 4 Effect of treatments on the agronomic traits of the aerial parts of maca at different times
Figure BDA0002641974720000062
Figure BDA0002641974720000071
Note: different small letters in the same column at different times indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)
2.1.2 the effect of each treatment on the agronomic performance of the underground part of maca at different times is shown in Table 5, and it appears from the whole that the agronomic performance of the underground part of maca applied with organic fertilizers is better than that of the underground part of maca applied with inorganic fertilizers.
Compared to CK, there were significant differences between treatments, but not between the 11 months dry weight of maca.
Compared with A1 and A2, A1+ M, A2+ M has significant difference in main root length, main root thickness and underground fresh and dry weight.
From 10 months onwards, the underground portion grew significantly faster than other periods. The underground growth of maca is mainly concentrated in the later period from the aspect of agronomic character determination.
TABLE 5 Effect of different treatments on the agronomic traits of the underground part of maca at different times
Figure BDA0002641974720000072
Figure BDA0002641974720000081
Note: different small letters in the same column at different times indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05)
2.2 Effect of Each treatment on maca nutrient absorption at different periods
As shown in fig. 1, there is a significant difference between the treatments at different periods as compared to CK. The nitrogen content of a1+ M in the ground in month 8 reached a maximum of 42.18g/kg, with a decreasing trend from month 9 onwards. In other treatments, the nitrogen content in the ground in 10 months tended to decrease after the maximum, with a1 of 44.73g/kg, probably due to uneven fertility of the soil.
Compared with the fertilizer, the nitrogen content in the underground part reaches the highest 41.19 g/kg and 41.67g/kg respectively at 8 and 9 months A1+ M, A2+ M, and then the nitrogen content is reduced. A1+ M, A2+ M has a lower underground nitrogen content than a1, a2 after 9 months. The nitrogen absorption at the early stage of maca can be promoted by additionally applying the organic fertilizer.
As shown in fig. 2, there is a significant difference between the treatments at different periods as compared to CK. As a whole, the phosphorus content in the lower part of 8 months reaches the highest 3.02, 4.05, 4.44, 4.67, 4.52 and 4.52g/kg respectively, and then, the phosphorus content tends to decrease.
In A2, month 10 decreased to a minimum of 2.03 g/kg. Compared with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium combined application treatment, the phosphorus content in the underground part of the organic fertilizer (CK + M, A2+ M) added in each period is obviously higher than that of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium combined application treatment, and the phosphorus content in the underground part of the A1+ M added in each period is lower than that of the A1.
As shown in fig. 3, there is a significant difference between the treatments at different periods as compared to CK. As a whole, the potassium content in the ground in month 8 reached a maximum of 26.78, 30.99, 35.62, 32.62, 34.89, 33.20g/kg, respectively, and then tended to decrease. Treatment A1+ M had a minimum potassium content of 7.38g/kg during the 11 months.
Compared with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium combined application treatment, the potassium content in the underground part of the organic fertilizer (CK + M, A2+ M) applied in each period is obviously improved, and the potassium content in the underground part of A1+ M is lower than A1 in each period.
2.3 Effect of different fertilization treatments on maca quality
2.3.1 Effect of different fertilising treatments on the content of macamides
As shown in figure 4, compared with CK, the content of macamides in the underground part is significantly different among treatments, the content of A1+ M in the treatment is 192.79g/100g at most, and the growth rate is 344.93%. Compared with the treatment without applying organic fertilizer, the content of the maca amide compounds treated by applying the organic fertilizer is obviously improved.
2.3.2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on macaene content
As shown in FIG. 5, compared with CK, the macaene content in the underground part is significantly different among treatments, the A1+ M content is 7.93mg/100g at most, and the growth rate is 142.51%. Compared with the treatment without applying the organic fertilizer, the content of the macaene treated by applying the organic fertilizer is obviously improved, and the growth rates are respectively 51.68%, 7.74% and 6.32%.
2.3.3 Effect of different fertilisation treatments on the content of maca glucosinolates
As shown in FIG. 6, compared with CK, the content of underground maca glucosinolates has a significant difference between treatments, the content of A1 is 2.47g/100g at most, and the increase rate is 118.58%. Compared with CK and A2, CK + M and A2+ M have obvious increasing tendency towards increasing content of underground maca glucosinolate compounds, and the increasing rates are 78.76% and 4.88% respectively. Compared with A1, the content of A1+ M underground maca glucosinolates is lower than A1 by 11.76%.
The trend that the glucosinolates in the maca are increased along with the increase of the application amount of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, but the trend that the glucosinolates are decreased when the application amount reaches a certain degree is illustrated.
2.3.4 Effect of different fertilization treatments on Lepidium meyenii Ash content
As shown in fig. 7, there was a significant difference in maca ash content between treatments compared to CK. Compared with CK, the treatment is respectively increased by 44.88%, 66.12%, 66.88%, 48.04% and 50.69%. A1 and A1+ M and A2 and A2+ M have no obvious difference, but the content of maca ash can be improved by adding organic fertilizer, and the increase rates are 0.46% and 1.79% respectively. As can be seen from the figure, the influence on the ash content of the maca is not great under the condition of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium co-applied organic fertilizer, which shows that the content of the maca ash content is not greatly influenced by the co-applied organic fertilizer.
2.4 Effect of different fertilization treatments on maca yield
As shown in table 6, there was a significant difference between the treatments compared to a1+ M, with a1+ M having the highest yield and production value, and a 189.6% yield compared to CK; compared with CK, the yield of the other treatments is increased by 103.8%, 119.2%, 189.6%, 108.9% and 151.2%; the data show that the yield of the maca can be effectively improved by applying the organic fertilizer.
TABLE 6 Effect of different fertilisation treatments on maca yield
Figure BDA0002641974720000111
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant differences between treatments (p < 0.05)
3. Experimental control
The application of a certain amount of organic fertilizer in the planting process of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials can promote growth, improve quality and enhance stress resistance of plants.
The experimental research finds that the agronomic characters of the treatment by applying the organic fertilizer are obviously improved, which is similar to the research of plum strong and Yangtze Uigao. The nitrogen content of the maca root tuber tends to change in a unimodal curve along with the advance of the whole growth period, and gradually decreases to a trend after 10 months, which is similar to the research result of the Xiefeng Ying on the potato.
Meanwhile, the phosphorus content and the potassium content are in a continuous descending trend, and the previous researches on the potatoes show that the phosphorus content and the potassium content in the plants are mainly concentrated in the stem leaves, and the tuber content is lower and is consistent with the experimental results. Meanwhile, the demand of the plants on phosphorus and potassium is higher in the early growth period than in other periods, which is consistent with the research result of the predecessor on the potatoes.
The influence of different fertilization treatments on the quality of maca is found, and compared with CK, the application of organic fertilizer, organic and inorganic auxiliary maca amide compounds, maca alkene, mustard oil glycoside compounds and ash content are obviously different.
The maximum content of macamides, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash content is 192.79g/100g, 7.93mg/100g, 2.47g/100g and 4.38g/100g respectively at the fertilization level of A1+ M,
compared with the quality standard of a maca dry product in Yunnan province, the maca dry product is close to the second level, and the main reason is that different fertilization treatments cause different fertilizer effects among treatments, so that the fertilization plays an important role in the accumulation of the active ingredients of the maca.
For a long time, researches on maca mainly focus on the influence of fertilization on the yield or quality of maca, and researches on the comprehensive effect of the yield and the quality are less. The increasing application has no significant difference on the yield of the maca, but obviously improves the quality, which is consistent with the results of applying commercial organic fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer matched with farmyard manure in the previous research, even higher than the previous research. The test combines nutrient absorption, yield and quality, and is carried out in the main production area of Yunnan east and North of Yunnan province for one year to obtain the optimal fertilizer application amount for recommended fertilization. In the future research and discussion, the problems of years of tests, plant diseases and insect pests, precipitation and the like with different soil fertility levels should be considered.
4. Conclusion
The growth, yield and quality of agronomic characters of the upper parts and the underground parts of the maca are obviously improved by additionally applying the organic fertilizer.
As shown in FIG. 8, in the month of 8-10, mainly around the growth of the overground part, the fresh weight of the plant reaching the highest overground part in the month of 10 is 99.70 g/plant, the growth of the underground part is accelerated from the month of 10, and the fresh weight of the underground part reaching the highest in the month of 11 is 54.98 g/plant; the demand for phosphorus and potassium is high in the early growth stage of maca in the whole growth period, the demand for nitrogen is high in the whole growth period, and the maca is treated in 10 monthsThe nitrogen content of the underground part of A1 is 2.65g/kg at most; the application of organic fertilizer is beneficial to the increase of macamides, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash, and the maximum content of the macamides, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash reaches 192.79mg/100g, 7.93mg/100g, 4.40mg/100g and 2.47g/100g respectively at the level of A1+ M; the yield of the organic fertilizer is obviously different from that of the organic fertilizer which is applied by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, when N is 120kg and P is applied to each mu2O5＝80kg、K2The fresh yield is highest when O is 120kg and refined organic fertilizer is 7500kg, and is 10499.38kg/hm2Increased by 189.6% compared with CK and increased by N2P2K2Compared with the yield increase of 32.10 percent.
The invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is obvious that the invention is not limited to the specific implementation in the above-described manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt such insubstantial modifications of the inventive concept and solution, or to apply the inventive concept and solution directly to other applications without such modifications.

Claims (5)

1. A fertilizing method for improving the quality and the yield of maca is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: planting 1 seedling in each hole with a planting depth of 3-5cm and a planting number of 336 plants in each cell by adopting artificial transplanting, leveling, making furrows and covering a black light-reflecting insect-preventing mulching film;
s2, spreading all organic fertilizers as base fertilizers before transplanting; phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and 40% of nitrogenous fertilizer are used as base fertilizers and are applied in holes; the remaining 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied once each in 8 and 9 months.
2. Fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca according to claim 1, characterised in that: in step S2, the organic fertilizer is a tobacco residue organic fertilizer, the pH value is 5.5-8.5, the organic matter content is not less than 45%, and the content of N + P is not less than2O5+K2O ≧ 5% and water content ≧ 30%.
3. Fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca according to claim 1, characterised in thatCharacterized in that: in step S2, the fertilizer is urea containing N ≧ 46%, ordinary calcium containing P2O5≧ 16% and potassium sulfate K2O≧50％。
4. Fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca according to claim 1, characterised in that: in step S2, the fertilizer is applied to each mu according to the mass ratio of N to P2O5:K2O: organic fertilizer is 6:4:6: 375.
5. Fertilizing method for improving the quality and yield of maca according to claim 4, characterised in that: in step S2, the fertilization ratio of N, P and K per mu is 120.71, 92.16 and 144.22.
CN202010842587.6A 2020-08-20 2020-08-20 Fertilizing method for improving quality and yield of maca Pending CN111955122A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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