CN111947707A - Arid and semi-arid region ground surface water circulation full-component monitoring and identifying method - Google Patents
Arid and semi-arid region ground surface water circulation full-component monitoring and identifying method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and identifying surface water circulation full components in arid and semiarid regions, which relates to the technical field of physics of an atmospheric boundary layer, and comprises the following steps of: acquiring meteorological data including precipitation, multilayer air humidity, multilayer air temperature, multilayer wind speed and the like; and carrying out pretreatment; acquiring soil data including data such as soil humidity, soil temperature, soil heat flux and the like and preprocessing the soil data; acquiring actual evapotranspiration data; the processed data is input to a non-rainfall moisture identification system which will make the following decisions and calculations. The method overcomes the defects that only precipitation and potential evaporation are utilized for rough estimation at present, and the accuracy is greatly improved compared with the past.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric boundary layer physics, in particular to a method for monitoring and identifying the total component of surface water circulation in arid and semi-arid regions.
Background
Global climate change changes global precipitation and distribution patterns, and increases evaporation, which leads to frequent precipitation extreme events, and increases frequency and intensity of disasters such as flooding, drought and the like. Meanwhile, the contradiction between the instability of water resources and supply and demand is also intensified. Therefore, a better understanding of land water circulation is crucial for human sustainability. However, the estimation of land water balance at present has great defects, the measurement of rainfall and evapotranspiration in arid and semi-arid regions is not accurate enough, and a system capable of automatically identifying each component of land water is unavailable. Thus, the land water circulation is not known.
At present, the contribution of evapotranspiration, precipitation and surface runoff or irrigation is mainly considered for the balance of land water balance. For the rain-fed farmland in arid and semi-arid regions, no surface runoff and irrigation factors exist. It is therefore believed that there is a balance between the amount of precipitation (P) and the amount of transpiration (ET) in a region over a period of time. Namely: p = ET. However, many observations have shown that many times the two are not equal. This is because the contribution of non-reducing water content (NRW) is ignored. After considering the influence of non-precipitation water, the two reach the balance that P + NRW = ET. As shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reasonably designed method for monitoring and identifying the total amount of surface water circulation in arid and semi-arid regions aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, overcomes the defect that only precipitation and potential evaporation are utilized for rough estimation at present, and greatly improves the accuracy compared with the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: it comprises the following steps:
1. automatic observation:
1.1, acquiring meteorological data including precipitation, multilayer air humidity, multilayer air temperature, multilayer wind speed and the like; and carrying out pretreatment;
1.2, acquiring soil data including data such as soil humidity, soil temperature, soil heat flux and the like and preprocessing the soil data;
1.3, acquiring actual Evapotranspiration (ET) data;
2. inputting the data processed in the step 1 into a non-precipitation moisture identification system, and judging and calculating by the data identification system as follows:
2.1, firstly, comparing the current data of the lysimeter with the previous data: if less than 0, it can be concluded that transpiration has occurred during the time period and no non-reducing moisture has been produced; if greater than 0, the value may be non-reducing water;
2.2, judging whether non-precipitation water occurs according to precipitation data; on the basis of the step 2.1, precipitation data are introduced: if precipitation occurs within the observation period of step 1, it is assumed that the added value of the lysimeter data is precipitation, not non-precipitation moisture; if there is no precipitation, then the added value is assumed to be probably non-precipitating moisture;
2.3, distinguishing non-precipitation water and dry settlement according to the dust data; on the basis of step 2.2, the dust data observed contemporaneously are imported: if sand dust exists in the observation period, the reason for increasing the data of the lysimeter is considered to be the sand dust; if no sand dust exists, determining the increment value of the lysimeter as non-precipitation moisture;
2.4, secondly, in order to further determine the composition of the non-precipitating moisture, air relative humidity data are introduced on the basis of step 2.3: if the relative humidity of the air is equal to 100%, it is considered fog; otherwise, the soil is regarded as dew or soil adsorption water;
2.5, finally, distinguishing dew from soil adsorbed water with surface temperature: comparing the surface temperature with the dew point temperature, and if the surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, determining the surface temperature is the dew point; otherwise, the soil absorbs water; until that, each component of non-precipitating moisture has been determined;
2.6, acquiring the precipitation and the evapotranspiration by using the observation data and the data identification system;
2.7, precipitation, evapotranspiration and non-precipitation water form complete land moisture balance.
After the method is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for monitoring and identifying the total amount of circulating earth surface moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, which overcomes the defect that only precipitation and potential evaporation are used for rough estimation at present and greatly improves the accuracy compared with the prior art.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the land water balance in general in the background art.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the land moisture balance in the background art.
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of land water balance in the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of the land water balance of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the operation of an embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a year distribution graph of the non-reducing water content and the respective components of the example.
FIG. 7 is a graph of non-rainfall water content in each year for the example.
Description of reference numerals:
NRW is non-dewatering water; dew: dew formation; WVA: adsorbing water; fog: and (4) atomizing.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present embodiment: it comprises the following steps:
1. automatic observation:
1.1, acquiring meteorological data including precipitation, multilayer air humidity, multilayer air temperature, multilayer wind speed and the like, and preprocessing;
1.2, acquiring soil data including data such as soil humidity, soil temperature, soil heat flux and the like and preprocessing the soil data;
1.3, acquiring actual Evapotranspiration (ET) data;
2. inputting the data processed in the step 1 into a non-precipitation moisture identification system, and judging and calculating by the data identification system as follows:
2.1, firstly, comparing the current data of the lysimeter with the previous data: if less than 0, it can be concluded that transpiration has occurred during the time period and no non-reducing moisture has been produced; if greater than 0, the value may be non-reducing water;
2.2, judging whether non-precipitation water occurs according to precipitation data; on the basis of the step 2.1, precipitation data are introduced: if precipitation occurs within the observation period of step 1, it is assumed that the added value of the lysimeter data is precipitation, not non-precipitation moisture; if there is no precipitation, then the added value is assumed to be probably non-precipitating moisture; the change in the lysimeter data can be expressed as:
in the formula (1)
Wherein Δ w is the change value of the evapo-meter [ kg ]](Δ w =0 or, when there is no NRW<0) I is the sequence number of the instantaneous value of the fixed interval; w is aiAnd wi-1Is the weight value [ kg ] of i-hour and i-1 hour measured by a lysimeter]；
2.3, distinguishing non-precipitation water and dry settlement according to the dust data; on the basis of step 2.2, the dust data observed contemporaneously are imported: if sand dust exists in the observation period, the reason for increasing the data of the lysimeter is considered to be the sand dust; if no sand dust exists, determining the increment value of the lysimeter as non-precipitation moisture;
2.4, secondly, in order to further determine the composition of the non-precipitating moisture, air relative humidity data are introduced on the basis of step 2.3: if the relative humidity of the air is equal to 100%, it is considered fog; otherwise, the soil is regarded as dew or soil adsorption water;
2.5, finally, distinguishing dew from soil adsorbed water with surface temperature: comparing the surface temperature with the dew point temperature, and if the surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, determining the surface temperature is the dew point; otherwise, the soil absorbs water; until that, each component of non-precipitating moisture has been determined; the dew point temperature calculation formula used the calculated dew point temperature given by Michell instruments corporation. The formula is as follows:
on the water surface:
formula (2)
In the formula TdThe dew point temperature is the saturated vapor pressure. The application range of the formula is-45 ℃ to +60 ℃, and T in the formula (2)dThe uncertainty of (a) is +/-0.04 ℃;
2.6, acquiring the precipitation and the evapotranspiration by using the observation data and the data identification system;
2.7, precipitation, evapotranspiration and non-precipitation water form complete land moisture balance.
The working principle of the specific embodiment is as follows: the specific embodiment combines the lysimeter, the air temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor, the sand and dust collector and the soil temperature sensor, and obtains the values of non-rainfall moisture, rainfall and evapotranspiration through the data identification system, thereby realizing the calculation of land moisture balance.
After the method is adopted, the beneficial effects of the specific embodiment are as follows: the specific embodiment provides a method for monitoring and identifying the total amount of circulating earth surface moisture in arid and semi-arid regions, which overcomes the defect that only precipitation and potential evaporation are used for rough estimation at present, and greatly improves the accuracy compared with the prior art.
Example (b):
referring to fig. 6 and 7, the embodiment uses the annual observation data of the fixed west weather station to perform annual calculation by using the identification method of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for monitoring and identifying the surface water circulation total component of the arid and semi-arid region is characterized by comprising the following steps of: it comprises the following steps:
(1) and automatic observation:
(1.1) acquiring meteorological data including precipitation, multilayer air humidity, multilayer air temperature, multilayer wind speed and the like; and carrying out pretreatment;
(1.2) acquiring soil data including data such as soil humidity, soil temperature, soil heat flux and the like and preprocessing the soil data;
(1.3) acquiring actual evapotranspiration data;
(2) inputting the data processed in the step (1) into a non-precipitation moisture identification system, and judging and calculating by the data identification system as follows:
(2.1), first, comparing the current data of the lysimeter with the previous data: if less than 0, it can be concluded that transpiration has occurred during the time period and no non-reducing moisture has been produced; if greater than 0, the value may be non-reducing water;
(2.2) secondly, judging whether non-precipitation water occurs or not according to precipitation data; on the basis of the step (2.1), precipitation data are introduced: if precipitation occurs within the observation period of step 1, it is assumed that the added value of the lysimeter data is precipitation, not non-precipitation moisture; if there is no precipitation, then the added value is assumed to be probably non-precipitating moisture;
(2.3) distinguishing non-precipitation water from dry settlement according to the dust data; on the basis of the step (2.2), introducing the dust data observed in the same period into: if sand dust exists in the observation period, the reason for increasing the data of the lysimeter is considered to be the sand dust; if no sand dust exists, determining the increment value of the lysimeter as non-precipitation moisture;
(2.4) secondly, in order to further determine the composition of the non-precipitating moisture, air relative humidity data are introduced on the basis of step (2.3): if the relative humidity of the air is equal to 100%, it is considered fog; otherwise, the soil is regarded as dew or soil adsorption water;
(2.5), finally, distinguishing dew from soil adsorbed water using surface temperature: comparing the surface temperature with the dew point temperature, and if the surface temperature is lower than the dew point temperature, determining the surface temperature is the dew point; otherwise, the soil absorbs water; until that, each component of non-precipitating moisture has been determined;
(2.6) obtaining the precipitation and the evapotranspiration by using the observation data and the data identification system;
(2.7), precipitation, evapotranspiration and non-precipitation water constitute a complete land moisture balance.
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