CN111947256B - Air conditioner water system flow measurement system and method and air conditioner water system - Google Patents
Air conditioner water system flow measurement system and method and air conditioner water system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111947256B CN111947256B CN202010719131.0A CN202010719131A CN111947256B CN 111947256 B CN111947256 B CN 111947256B CN 202010719131 A CN202010719131 A CN 202010719131A CN 111947256 B CN111947256 B CN 111947256B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 286
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0003—Exclusively-fluid systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
- F24F11/63—Electronic processing
- F24F11/64—Electronic processing using pre-stored data
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/88—Electrical aspects, e.g. circuits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/89—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of central air-conditioning water system monitoring, and particularly provides an air-conditioning water system flow measurement system and method and an air-conditioning water system. And respectively collecting the total flow, the total water supply temperature, the total backwater temperature and the temperatures of the backwater branch pipes of the water supply main pipe, and calculating to obtain the flow of the water supply branch pipe group corresponding to the backwater branch pipe group according to the time-space water system flow and the energy conservation equation set. According to the scheme, the water flow of each branch can be obtained without additionally arranging flow sensors at the water separator and the water collector, the running condition of the air-conditioning water system is monitored, and quantitative references are given for the hydraulic balance of the air-conditioning water system. The air conditioner water system has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient implementation, can be used in the air conditioner water system of implemented projects, and has the advantages of safety and economy. The method is popularized, referenced and applied in the station cold water machine room project.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of central air-conditioning water system monitoring, and particularly relates to an air-conditioning water system flow measurement system and method and an air-conditioning water system.
Background
Central air conditioning systems have been widely used in large public buildings to provide a comfortable indoor hot and humid environment, occupying an important place in people's daily lives. Hydraulic imbalance is a common problem in the operation process of an air-conditioning water system, and the hydraulic imbalance of the air-conditioning water system not only can influence the operation effect of the air-conditioning system so as to influence the indoor environment, but also can cause the occurrence of energy waste. Therefore, the flow balance of the air-conditioning water system is very important.
The hydraulic imbalance of the air-conditioning water system can be divided into static and dynamic working conditions. Static hydraulic imbalance refers to the fact that under the condition that the system design and engineering construction, engineering materials and other factors are restricted, the resistance value of an air conditioning system pipeline is different from the value specified in the system design. The dynamic hydraulic imbalance refers to the phenomenon that the flow of each user in the air-conditioning water system is influenced by other users when the valves are adjusted, and the actual flow and the design flow are not in accordance. Whether static or dynamic hydraulic imbalance ultimately results in a system end flow that is inconsistent with the design flow. In engineering practice, a flow sensor is only arranged on a main pipe of the system to monitor the total flow of the system, and the flow sensor is not arranged on each branch connected with a water separator-collector of the air-conditioning system and the air-conditioner, so that the flow of each branch of the water-taking system cannot be obtained in time, and the unbalanced flow state of the system cannot be perceived.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the flow of each branch of the water system cannot be obtained in time in the prior art, and the unbalanced state of the flow of the system cannot be perceived.
Therefore, the invention provides an air-conditioning water system flow measurement system, which comprises a flowmeter group, a temperature sensor group and a data acquisition and calculation module;
the flowmeter set is used for collecting the total flow M of the water supply main in real time;
the temperature sensor group is used for collecting the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j moment in real time 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j ;
The temperature sensor group is used for collecting the temperature of each backwater branch pipe in the backwater branch pipe group corresponding to the water supply branch pipe group in real time;
the data acquisition and calculation module is used for obtaining the flow M of each water supply branch pipe according to the following energy balance equation i :
Wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1.
Preferably, the flowmeter is a portable ultrasonic flowmeter, the temperature sensor is a patch type temperature sensor, the portable ultrasonic flowmeter is arranged on the water supply main pipe, and the patch type temperature sensor is attached to the pipe wall of the backwater branch pipe.
Preferably, the water supply branch pipe group comprises a plurality of water supply branch pipes separated from a water supply main pipe, the water return branch pipe group comprises a plurality of water return branch pipes, and each water return branch pipe corresponds to each water supply branch pipe one by one.
Preferably, the water supply branch pipe group comprises a first water supply branch pipe, a second water supply branch pipe, a third water supply branch pipe and a fourth water supply branch pipe;
the water return branch pipe group comprises a first water return branch pipe, a second water return branch pipe, a third water return branch pipe and a fourth water return branch pipe which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the first water supply branch pipe, the second water supply branch pipe, the third water supply branch pipe and the fourth water supply branch pipe;
the energy balance equation is converted into measurement formula (1):
M(T5-T0)=M1(T1-T0)+M2(T2-T0)+M3(T3-T0)+M4(T4-T0) (1)
wherein M1, M2, M3 and M4 are the flow of first water supply branch pipe, second water supply branch pipe, third water supply branch pipe and fourth water supply branch pipe respectively, and T1, T2, T3 and T4 are the temperatures of first return water branch pipe, second return water branch pipe, third return water branch pipe and fourth return water branch pipe respectively.
Preferably, the total flow M is a flow average value at each time.
Preferably, the tail end of the water supply main pipe is provided with a water separator, an outlet of the water separator is connected with a water supply branch pipe group, and the tail end of the water return branch pipe group is provided with a water collector.
Preferably, the data acquisition and calculation module is a single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the backwater branch pipe group is a metal pipe, and the patch type temperature sensor is attached to the outer wall of the metal pipe.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the flow of the air-conditioning water system, which comprises the following steps:
respectively collecting the total flow M of the water supply main pipe and the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j-th moment 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j The temperature of each backwater branch pipe;
the water supply branch pipe group flow M is obtained according to the following energy balance equation:
wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1.
The invention also provides an air-conditioning water system, which comprises a refrigerating unit and a water pump, and further comprises the air-conditioning water system flow measurement system according to any one of the above, wherein the refrigerating unit, the water pump, the water supply main pipe, the water supply branch pipe group and the water return branch pipe group are connected end to end in sequence.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a flow measurement system and a flow measurement method for an air-conditioning water system and the air-conditioning water system. Respectively collecting the total flow M of the water supply main pipe and the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j-th moment 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j And the temperature of each backwater branch pipe. And calculating the water supply branch pipe group flow corresponding to the water return branch pipe group according to the time-by-time water supply system flow and the energy conservation equation set, namely calculating the water supply branch pipe group flow M corresponding to the water return branch pipe group according to the following equation.According to the scheme, flow sensors are not required to be additionally arranged at the water separator and the water collector, the water flow of each branch can be obtained only by measuring the flow and the temperature of the water supply main pipe and the temperature of each backwater branch pipe, the running condition of the air-conditioning water system is monitored, and quantitative references are given for the hydraulic balance of the air-conditioning water system. The air conditioner water system has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient implementation, can be used in the air conditioner water system of implemented projects, and has the advantages of safety and economy. The method is popularized, referenced and applied in the station cold water machine room project.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow measurement system and method for air conditioning water and a structure of the air conditioning water system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: refrigerating unit 1, water pump 2, water supply header 3, portable ultrasonic flowmeter 4, water knockout drum 5, first water supply branch pipe 6 (1), second water supply branch pipe 6 (2), third water supply branch pipe 6 (3), fourth water supply branch pipe 6 (4), water collector 7, first return water branch pipe 8 (1), second return water branch pipe 8 (2), third return water branch pipe 8 (3), fourth return water branch pipe 8 (4), paster temperature sensor 9, return water header 10, data acquisition and calculation module 11.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly; in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
The embodiment of the invention provides an air-conditioning water system flow measurement system, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a flowmeter group, a temperature sensor group and a data acquisition and calculation module;
the flowmeter set is used for collecting the total flow M of the water supply main in real time;
the temperature sensor group is used for collecting the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j moment in real time 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j ;
The temperature sensor group is used for collecting the temperature of each backwater branch pipe in the backwater branch pipe group corresponding to the water supply branch pipe group in real time;
the data acquisition and calculation module is used for obtaining the flow M of each water supply branch pipe according to the following energy balance equation i :
Wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1. From this, it can be seen that if there are n water supply branch pipes and n water return branch pipes, it is necessary to measure the water temperature n times to obtain n equations, and then the water supply flow rates of the respective water supply branch pipes can be obtained by simultaneous solving.
In a specific implementation scenario, the water supply branch pipe group comprises a first water supply branch pipe 6 (1), a second water supply branch pipe 6 (2), a third water supply branch pipe 6 (3) and a fourth water supply branch pipe 6 (4);
the water return branch pipe group comprises a first water return branch pipe 8 (1), a second water return branch pipe 8 (2), a third water return branch pipe 8 (3) and a fourth water return branch pipe 8 (4) which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the first water supply branch pipe 6 (1), the second water supply branch pipe 6 (2), the third water supply branch pipe 6 (3) and the fourth water supply branch pipe 6 (4);
the energy balance equation is converted into measurement formula (1):
M(T5-T0)=M1(T1-T0)+M2(T2-T0)+M3(T3-T0)+M4(T4-T0) (1)
wherein, M1, M2, M3 and M4 are the flow of first water supply branch pipe 6 (1), second water supply branch pipe 6 (2), third water supply branch pipe 6 (3) and fourth water supply branch pipe 6 (4) respectively, and T1, T2, T3 and T4 are the temperatures of first return water branch pipe 8 (1), second return water branch pipe 8 (2), third return water branch pipe 8 (3) and fourth return water branch pipe 8 (4) respectively.
The specific measurement principle is as follows:
the surface mounted temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the water supply and return header pipe and each water return branch pipe of the air conditioning water system to measure the wall temperature and transmit the wall temperature to the acquisition and calculation device. The portable ultrasonic flowmeter 4 is arranged on the water supply main pipe of the air-conditioning water system to measure the total water flow of the system. The measuring device is adopted to automatically record the measured value of the system, namely the total water flow of the system, the wall surface temperature of the water supply and return main pipe and the wall surface temperature of each water return branch pipe. The water flow of each branch can be calculated by using the measured wall surface temperature of the water supply and return pipe of each branch and the total water flow of the system. The measurement and calculation method is based on the energy balance of a closed water system. The energy balance equation is shown in formula (1):
M(T5-T0)=M1(T1-T0)+M2(T2-T0)+M3(T3-T0)+M4(T4-T0) (1)
the measurement at the nth time is represented by formula (2). When the flow regulation is not carried out on the constant flow air-conditioning water system or the tail end, the resistance characteristic of the pipe network is unchanged, and the total flow and the flow of the large branch are also unchanged. Although there is some fluctuation and error in the measurement, the total flow of the system can be the average flow at each moment.
M(T5(n)-T0(n))=M1(T1(n)-T0(n))+M2(T2(n)-T0(n))+M3(T3(n)-T0(n))+M4(T4(n)-T0(n)) (2)
If there are n measurements at time instants, equation (2) can be written in matrix form (3) and the flow for each branch calculated as equation (4).
Order the
Then there is
The invention can obtain the water flow of each branch of the air-conditioning water system on the basis of no additional flow sensor, effectively monitor the water flow of each branch in real time and provide quantitative reference for the hydraulic balance of the air-conditioning water system.
The scheme has the characteristics of low manufacturing cost, simple structure and convenient implementation. The wall surface temperatures of the water supply and return header pipe and the water return pipes of all branches are measured by adopting a patch type temperature sensor, the total water flow of the system is measured by adopting a portable ultrasonic flowmeter, and the measured value of the system is recorded in real time. When the water system does not perform flow regulation, the resistance characteristic is unchanged, and the flow of each branch can be obtained through a mathematical method according to the principle of flow and energy balance. According to the measured bypass flow of the air-conditioning water system, the hydraulic imbalance degree of the system can be found in time, and the hydraulic characteristic can be improved by adopting corresponding measures.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the flow of the air-conditioning water system, which comprises the following steps:
respectively collecting the total flow M of the water supply main pipe and the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j-th moment 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j The temperature of each backwater branch pipe;
the water supply branch pipe group flow M is obtained according to the following energy balance equation:
wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1.
The invention also provides an air-conditioning water system which comprises a refrigerating unit 1, a water pump 2, a water supply main pipe 3 and a water separator 5, wherein the water supply branch pipe group comprises a first water supply branch pipe 6 (1) and the corresponding flow is M1; the corresponding flow rate of the second water supply branch pipe 6 (2) is M2; the corresponding flow rate of the third water supply branch pipe 6 (3) is M3; the fourth water supply branch pipe 6 (4), corresponding flow are M4, the water collector 7, the return water branch pipe group is composed of a first return water branch pipe 8 (1), a second return water branch pipe 8 (2), a third return water branch pipe 8 (3) and a fourth return water branch pipe 8 (4), and a return water main pipe 10. The measuring system mainly comprises a portable ultrasonic flowmeter 4 (corresponding flow is M), a patch type temperature sensor 9 (measuring points are respectively water supply temperature T0, temperature T1 of a first water return branch pipe 8 (1), temperature T2 of a second water return branch pipe 8 (2), temperature T3 of a third water return branch pipe 8 (3), temperature T4 of a fourth water return branch pipe 8 (4), total water return temperature T5) and a data acquisition and calculation module 11. Compared with the traditional air-conditioning water system, only a few groups of patch type temperature sensors, portable ultrasonic flowmeter and data acquisition and calculation modules 11 are added.
The proposal provides a method and a device for measuring the flow of each branch of the water collector of the air-conditioning water system when the constant flow air-conditioning water system or the tail end does not carry out flow regulation. The method adopts a patch type temperature sensor to measure the wall surface temperature of a water supply and return header pipe and a water return pipe of each branch, adopts a portable ultrasonic flowmeter to measure the total water flow of the system, and utilizes a measuring device to record the measured value of the system in real time. For the constant flow air-conditioning water system or the tail end, when the flow regulation is not performed, the resistance characteristic of the air-conditioning water system is unchanged, and the flow of each branch can be obtained through a mathematical method according to the principles of flow balance and energy balance. According to the result, the invention can timely find the hydraulic imbalance degree of the air-conditioning water system and adopt corresponding measures to improve the hydraulic characteristics.
The foregoing examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all designs that are the same or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An air conditioner water system flow measurement system which is characterized in that: the system comprises a flowmeter group, a temperature sensor group and a data acquisition and calculation module;
the flowmeter set is used for collecting the total flow M of the water supply main in real time;
the temperature sensor group is used for collecting the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j moment in real time 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j ;
The temperature sensor group is used for collecting the temperature of each backwater branch pipe in the backwater branch pipe group corresponding to the water supply branch pipe group in real time;
the data acquisition and calculation module is used for obtaining the flow M of each water supply branch pipe according to the following energy balance equation i :
;
Wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1.
2. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the flowmeter is a portable ultrasonic flowmeter, the temperature sensor is a patch type temperature sensor, the portable ultrasonic flowmeter is arranged on the water supply main pipe, and the patch type temperature sensor is attached to the pipe wall of the water return branch pipe.
3. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the water supply branch pipe group comprises a plurality of water supply branch pipes separated from a water supply main pipe, the water return branch pipe group comprises a plurality of water return branch pipes, and each water return branch pipe corresponds to each water supply branch pipe one by one.
4. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 3, wherein: the water supply branch pipe group comprises a first water supply branch pipe, a second water supply branch pipe, a third water supply branch pipe and a fourth water supply branch pipe;
the water return branch pipe group comprises a first water return branch pipe, a second water return branch pipe, a third water return branch pipe and a fourth water return branch pipe which are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the first water supply branch pipe, the second water supply branch pipe, the third water supply branch pipe and the fourth water supply branch pipe;
the energy balance equation is converted into measurement formula (1):
;
wherein, M1, M2, M3 and M4 are the flow of first water supply branch pipe, second water supply branch pipe, third water supply branch pipe and fourth water supply branch pipe respectively, T1, T2, T3 and T4 are the temperatures of first return water branch pipe, second return water branch pipe, third return water branch pipe and fourth return water branch pipe respectively, T0 is the water supply temperature, T5 is the total return water temperature.
5. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the total flow M is the flow average value at each moment.
6. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the water supply main pipe is provided with a water separator, an outlet of the water separator is connected with a water supply branch pipe group, and the tail end of the water return branch pipe group is provided with a water collector.
7. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 1, wherein: the data acquisition and calculation module is a singlechip.
8. The air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to claim 2, wherein: the backwater branch pipe group is a metal pipe, and the patch type temperature sensor is attached to the outer wall of the metal pipe.
9. The air conditioner water system flow measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
respectively collecting the total flow M of the water supply main pipe and the total water supply temperature T of the water supply main pipe at the j-th moment 0j Total backwater temperature TT of backwater main pipe j The temperature of each backwater branch pipe;
the water supply branch pipe group flow M is obtained according to the following energy balance equation:
;
wherein T is i,j The return water temperature of the i return water branch pipe at the j moment is the natural number which is larger than 1.
10. The utility model provides an air conditioner water system, includes refrigerating unit and water pump, its characterized in that: the air conditioning water system flow measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the refrigerating unit, the water pump, the water supply main pipe, the water supply branch pipe group and the water return branch pipe group are connected end to end in sequence.
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CN108917126A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-11-30 | 动态技术有限公司 | Air-conditioning system and air conditioning control method |
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