CN107966254A - Air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room - Google Patents
Air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room Download PDFInfo
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- CN107966254A CN107966254A CN201711411182.1A CN201711411182A CN107966254A CN 107966254 A CN107966254 A CN 107966254A CN 201711411182 A CN201711411182 A CN 201711411182A CN 107966254 A CN107966254 A CN 107966254A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room, comprise the following steps：All door and windows being in communication with the outside, pipeline, ventilation hole in room are closed and blocked, door and window is opened completely inside test zone, measurement room floor area, volume and surface area；Assembling in door opening and is sealed；Pressurizeed by wind turbine to room, measure the conveying air quantity data under each pressure rating, and using pressure difference as 50Pa when average rate of ventilation value as building air penetration performance module；Calculate blowing machine and mend air quantity and room infiltration rate of ventilation；Air-tightness in residential housing room is judged according to air-tightness evaluation index.Beneficial effect of the present invention：Suitable for the air-leakage test of domestic all kinds of single-apartment buildings, pressurizeed by wind turbine to single-apartment room, make to use wind speed at hot-wire anemometer test room fan outlet after producing pressure differential inside and outside the room, mending air quantity according to room is equal to infiltration air quantity, is computed obtaining the quantity of air infiltration in room.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to building energy saving field, more particularly, to air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room.
Background technology
Building air-tightness is an important factor for influencing building heating energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption.The air penetration master of building
Imprecise hole in bottom gate, outer door and window and peripheral structure is come from, in warm season or air-conditioning season, due to indoor and outdoor temperature
Difference, air penetration will increase heat load or air conditioner load.Building air-tightness is to influence building heating energy consumption and air conditioning energy consumption
An important factor for.Indoor and outdoor air can be swapped directly by the gap of door and window, in warm season or air-conditioning season, due to indoor and outdoor
The temperature difference, air penetration will increase heat load or air conditioner load.The quantity of air infiltration of indoor and outdoor can be reduced by improving building air-tightness,
Heating or air conditioner load caused by air penetration can be effectively reduced.Air-tightness just needs to increase machinery after reaching a certain level
Ventilating system, ensures the requirement of indoor air-changing number, while also increases building energy consumption.Therefore, rational architecture indoor is airtight
Property is significant to building energy conservation.
For air-tightness detection method in residential housing room, predominantly building element class detection method domestic at present, foundation
National standard《Building external doors and windows are airtight, watertight, resisting wind press capacity are classified and detection method》Provided in GB/T7106-2008, outside
Door and window tightness class does not answer low 8 grades, not lower than 9 grades of resisting wind press capacity etc..For building and part space interior it is airtight
Property only define design, the method for construction, lack the standard and detection method of quantification, it is impossible in terms of meeting building air-tightness
Evaluation demand.Germany forces to carry out air-tightness standard since early 20th century is, while forms more mature air-tightness
Detection technique.But the most of houses of Germany be only or united villa, and China is mostly based on the middle and senior level, the building scale of construction and
Every complex, heat loss that wind permeable belt comes influences building energy consumption relatively small inside points.Therefore, the advanced detection of Germany
Method and air-tightness standard are unable to directly apply in the building air-leakage test of the country.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room, to ensure to meet house
While architecture indoor fresh air volume, achieve the purpose that building energy conservation.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
Air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room, comprises the following steps：
A. all door and windows being in communication with the outside, pipeline, ventilation hole in room are closed and blocked first, test zone
Internal door and window is opened completely, simultaneously closes off ventilation equipment, and the water sealing (sealing water) pipe of interior plumbing system should be poured water, and measures room floor
Area, volume and surface area；
B. assembling in door opening and is sealed；
C. pressurizeed by wind turbine to room, measure the conveying air quantity data under each pressure rating, and using pressure difference as 50Pa
When module of the average rate of ventilation value as building air penetration performance；
D. calculate blowing machine and mend air quantity and room infiltration rate of ventilation；
E. air-tightness in residential housing room is judged according to air-tightness evaluation index.
Further, the ventilation equipment include ventilation fan, exhaust blower, air-conditioning system, fresh air system.
Further, also existing gap around the door and window and leak source are blocked in step A.
Further, the mounting means of wind turbine is as follows described in step B：Metal framework is being built at door opening of registering one's residence, institute
Installation shade at metal framework is stated, wind turbine is built in the opening on shade and is fixed on metal framework, on the wind turbine
Air hose communication chamber outside.
Further, the method that wind turbine pressurizes room described in step C is as follows：
C1. when test starts, using Fan Regulation air mass flow, head flowmeter is made to show required indoor external pressure
Force difference；
C2. 30 are write down after adjusting pressure stability by the fan governor of wind turbine, respectively, 35,40,45,50,55,60Pa
Positive and negative pressure and its corresponding air mass flow.
Further, the measuring method that air quantity is conveyed described in step C is as follows：The survey of air hose is being tested according to equal-area method
Amount arranges several points on section, measures the wind speed of measuring point one by one with hot-wire anemometer, each measuring point measures the mean wind speed of wind speed
Wind speed as at wind tube outlet.
Further, during the measurement rectangular cross-section section, the equal-area method is as follows：If air hose section is divided into
Dry equal small bore, each measuring point are located at the center of each small bore.
Further, when the measurement section is circular cross-section, the equal-area method is as follows：According to the big of dust diameter
It is small, air hose section is divided into the similar shape annulus of several area equations, four measuring points, and this four surveys are selected on each annulus
Point is located at mutually perpendicular two diametrically.
Further, distance of the measuring point on each annulus away from air hose center is calculated as follows：
Wherein, RnFor the distance of the measuring point on from air hose center to n-th of annulus；R is air hose radius；N is by air hose
The serial number of annulus where the heart plays measuring point；M is the annulus number of air hose division.
Further, air-tightness evaluation index described in step E is using indoor air-changing number as foundation, when residential housing has newly
During wind-heat recovery system, air-leakage test standard is that indoor air-changing number is not high in the case that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa
In n50=0.6h-1, when residential housing only sets air discharging facility, air-leakage test standard is that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa
In the case of, indoor air-changing number is not higher than n50=1.0h-1。
Relative to the prior art, air-tightness detection method has the advantage that in residential housing room of the present invention：
(1) air-tightness detection method is applicable to the air-tightness of domestic all kinds of buildings in residential housing room of the present invention
Detection, including bottom, small high-rise, the residential architecture of high-rise single household, pressurize single-apartment room by wind turbine, make to produce inside and outside the room
Using wind speed at hot-wire anemometer test room fan outlet after raw pressure differential, air quantity is mended according to room and is equal to infiltration air quantity,
It is computed obtaining the quantity of air infiltration in room；
(2) due to there is substantial amounts of non-heating space in high residential building and being not counted in Residential Energy Consumption statistics, this
A little spaces are not belonging to air-leakage test and consider category, and therefore, this method is proposed in units of family to high residential building into promoting the circulation of qi
The test of close property, meanwhile, the drawbacks of this mode can also avoid entire building from testing：For example, the Core Walls Structure such as elevator, piping shaft position is pulled out
Wind effect is obvious, and closure difficulty is big；The whole building test scale of construction is big, and separate unit or more typhoon fan deliveries are difficult to meet testing requirement；
(3) air-tightness detection method is the house for proposing suitable China's actual conditions first in residential housing room of the present invention
The index regulation and detection method of architecture indoor air-tightness.For Chinese Housing architectural feature, using single household as detection object, measurement
Air-tightness in single household space.Meanwhile this actual conditions of fresh air system are not used for China's residential housing is most of, first
It is proposed two kinds of indoor air-changing number desired values, i.e. the residential housing with fresh air heat recovery system, air-leakage test standard is room
It is interior for positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa in the case of, indoor air-changing number is not higher than n50=0.6h-1, only set air discharging facility house
Building, air-leakage test standard is that indoor air-changing number is not higher than n in the case that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa50=1.0h-1。
Brief description of the drawings
The attached drawing for forming the part of the present invention is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
Apply example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is structure diagram of the assembling in door opening described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that the air hose described in the embodiment of the present invention measures the schematic diagram that point position is selected during rectangular cross-section；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram that point position is selected when the air hose measurement section described in the embodiment of the present invention is original shape.
Description of reference numerals：
1- registers one's residence door opening；2- metal frameworks；3- shades；4- wind turbines；5- head flowmeters；6- fan governors；7- air hoses；
8- measuring points.
Embodiment
It should be noted that in the case where there is no conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
Air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room, comprises the following steps：
A. all door and windows being in communication with the outside, pipeline, ventilation hole in room are closed and blocked first, test zone
Internal door and window (door and window not connect with outside) opening completely, simultaneously closes off ventilation equipment, and by the water seal of interior plumbing system
Pipe should pour water, measurement room floor area, volume and surface area；
Sealed, all ventilation holes for leading to outdoor on wall are obturaged, all and outdoor connection using adhesive plaster is sealed
The sealing of pipeline valve system unit, close fresh air system, the exhaust smoke hole of exhaust smoke hole and pumping unit in kitchen should all block, room
The water sealing (sealing water) pipe of inner water drainage system should pour water；
B. wind turbine 4 is installed in door opening and sealed；
C. pressurizeed by wind turbine 4 to room, it is different according to the direction of rotation of wind turbine 4, interior of building and outdoor air it
Between will produce the pressure differential of positive pressure or negative pressure form, be intended to read the data of conveying air quantity under each pressure rating, and with pressure
Why module of the average rate of ventilation value as building air penetration performance when difference is 50Pa, select 50Pa conducts
With reference to differential pressure, it is because in Germany and when describing air-tightness and Relationship between Ventilation in the world, selects the test ventilation under 50Pa pressure differences
Number is most common, and when rate of ventilation caused by leaking is oozed in caused by calculating weather, this characteristic value is also most suitable
, meanwhile, pressure differential generally can be ignored caused by weather under this differential pressure, and such pressure will not be worried to building
Build into damage；
D. according to formula Q=3600vA, N=Q/V calculates blowing machine 4 and mends air quantity and room infiltration rate of ventilation, wherein, Q
Air quantity (m is mended for wind turbine 43/ h), v is wind speed (m/s) at wind tube outlet, and A is air hose sectional area (m2), N is room infiltration ventilation time
Number (secondary/h), V is room volume (m3)；
E. air-tightness in residential housing room is judged according to air-tightness evaluation index.
The ventilation equipment include ventilation fan, exhaust blower, air-conditioning system, fresh air system.
Also existing gap around the door and window and leak source are blocked in step A.
The mounting means of wind turbine 4 is as follows described in step B：As shown in Figure 1, metal framework 2 is built at door opening 1 of registering one's residence,
Shade 3 is installed at metal framework 2, in the opening that then wind turbine 4 is built on shade 3 and is fixed on metal framework 2, by
Shade 3 gets up the gap sealing between the opening of wind turbine 4 and installation wind turbine 4, outside 7 communication chamber of air hose on the wind turbine 4, this
In embodiment, the metal framework 2 is aluminium alloy, plastic-steel and other soft metal classes, and the shade 3 is woollen goods or plastics.
The method that wind turbine 4 described in step c pressurizes room is as follows：
C1. when test starts, air mass flow is adjusted using wind turbine 4, makes the head flowmeter 5 being installed on metal framework 2
Show required indoor and outdoor pressure differential, the head flowmeter 5 can show real-time pressure data；
C2. 30 are write down after adjusting pressure stability by the fan governor 6 of wind turbine 4, respectively, 35,40,45,50,55,
60Pa positive and negative pressures and its corresponding air mass flow, are intended to read the data of conveying air quantity under each pressure rating.
The measuring method that air quantity is conveyed described in step C is as follows：According to equal-area method on the measurement section of tested air hose 7
Arrange several measuring points 8, measure the wind speed of measuring point 8 one by one with hot-wire anemometer, the mean wind speed that each measuring point 8 measures wind speed is
7 exit wind speed of air hose.The pendulum probe of the hot-wire anemometer is in the air hose 7 being connected with wind turbine 4, and instrument body is in wind turbine
4 place below, and the hot-wire anemometer can voluntarily record data；And hot-wire anemometer can have multiple sensors using one
Probe at the same time measure and record air in multiple parameters.
The position selection criteria in measurement section is as follows where measuring point 8：The more uniform and stable pipeline section of air-flow is selected as survey
The position in section is measured, general measure section is selected in 4~5 times of 7 diameters of air hose (or the big side size of air hose 7) after generation local resistance
With produce local resistance before 1.5~2 times of 7 diameters of air hose (or the big side size of air hose 7) straight pipe on.
The method that measuring point 8 in measurement section is arranged according to equal-area method is as follows：
As shown in Fig. 2, when measuring rectangular cross-section, i.e., should be by air hose 7 in rectangular air duct 7 during measurement mean wind speed
Section is divided into several equal small bores, and measuring point 8 is located at the center of each small bore；
As shown in figure 3, when it is circular to measure section, i.e., should be according to air hose in circular duct 7 during measurement mean wind speed
Section, is divided into the similar shape annulus of several area equations by the size of 7 diameters, and four measuring points, and this are selected on each annulus
Four measuring points are located at mutually perpendicular two diametrically；Distance of each measuring point 8 away from 7 center of air hose is calculated by formula (1)：
In formula, RnFor the distance of the measuring point from 7 center of air hose to n-th of annulus, unit mm；R is air hose radius, unit
mm；N is the serial number (i.e. annulus order) of the annulus where air hose center measuring point；M is the annulus number that air hose 7 divides, wherein,
The relation of quantity of the circular duct diameter with needing to divide annulus is as shown in table 1：
The relation of 1 circular duct diameter of table and required division annulus number
| Circular duct diameter (mm) | ＜ 200 | 200-400 | 400-700 | ＞ 700 |
| Annulus number m (a) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
For example, when the radius of circular duct is 75mm, according to table 1, it need to only be measured in air hose and 3 are divided on section
Annulus, understands according to formula (1), and the distance of the measuring point obtained on 3 annulus to measurement kernel of section is followed successively by 30.6mm,
53mm, 68.5mm, therefore obtain be located at mutually perpendicular two diametrically four on each annulus respectively according to these three distances
A measuring point.
Annulus is arranged in air hose, after determining measuring point, measuring point is tested one by one with hot-wire anemometer.
Air-tightness evaluation index described in step E is using indoor air-changing number as foundation, when residential housing has fresh air recuperation of heat
During system, air-leakage test standard is that indoor air-changing number is not higher than n in the case that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa50=
0.6h-1, when residential housing only sets air discharging facility, air-leakage test standard is that interior is positive pressure or the situation of negative pressure 50Pa
Under, indoor air-changing number is not higher than n50=1.0h-1；With reference to Europe Architecture air-tightness standard, low energy building (only sets air draft
Facility) rate of ventilation regulation be also n50=1.0h-1, while by being carried out to the domestic residential housing for only setting air discharging facility
Test, in the case where ensureing adequate ventilation amount, rate of ventilation stabilization is in 0.8h-1-1.2h-1Between, therefore the upper limit is averaged
n50=1.0h-1；The residential housing of fresh air heat recovery system is provided with, with reference to the passive room rate of ventilation regulations of Germany PHI, is taken
Limit value n50=0.6h-1。
The nominal air delivery of wind turbine 4 is determined according to the possible inleakage of building, according to rate of ventilation limit value and room volume meter
Calculate the air output (being equal to room inleakage) during 4 stable operation of wind turbine；For the sake of assurance, according to floor height after room furred ceiling during type selecting
Calculated room volume.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (10)
1. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A. all door and windows being in communication with the outside, pipeline, ventilation hole in room are closed and blocked first, inside test zone
Door and window is opened completely, simultaneously closes off ventilation equipment, and the water sealing (sealing water) pipe of interior plumbing system should be poured water, and measures room floor face
Product, volume and surface area；
B. assembling in door opening and is sealed；
C. pressurizeed by wind turbine to room, measure the conveying air quantity data under each pressure rating, and during using pressure difference as 50Pa
Average module of the rate of ventilation value as building air penetration performance；
D. calculate blowing machine and mend air quantity and room infiltration rate of ventilation；
E. air-tightness in residential housing room is judged according to air-tightness evaluation index.
2. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ventilation is set
It is standby to include ventilation fan, exhaust blower, air-conditioning system, fresh air system.
3. according to claim, air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room described in 1, it is characterised in that：In step A also
Existing gap around the door and window and leak source are blocked.
4. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute in step B
The mounting means for stating wind turbine is as follows：Metal framework is built at door opening of registering one's residence, shade is installed at the metal framework, by wind turbine
It is placed in the opening on shade and is fixed on metal framework, outside the air hose communication chamber on the wind turbine.
5. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute in step C
It is as follows to state the method that wind turbine pressurizes room：
C1. when test starts, using Fan Regulation air mass flow, head flowmeter is made to show required indoor external pressure
Difference；
C2. 30 are write down after adjusting pressure stability by the fan governor of wind turbine, respectively, 35,40,45,50,55,60Pa it is positive and negative
Pressure difference and its corresponding air mass flow.
6. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 1, it is characterised in that institute in step C
The measuring method for stating conveying air quantity is as follows：Several points are arranged on the measurement section of tested air hose according to equal-area method, with heat
Line anemobiagraph measures the wind speed of measuring point one by one, and the mean wind speed that each measuring point measures wind speed is wind speed at wind tube outlet.
7. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the measurement is cut
When face is rectangular section, the equal-area method is as follows：Air hose section is divided into several equal small bores, each measuring point is located at
At the center of each small bore.
8. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the measurement is cut
When face is circular cross-section, the equal-area method is as follows：According to the size of dust diameter, air hose section is divided into several area phases
Deng similar shape annulus, on each annulus select four measuring points, and this four measuring points positioned at mutually perpendicular two diametrically.
9. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：On each annulus
Distance of the measuring point away from air hose center be calculated as follows：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>R</mi>
<msqrt>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>m</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
</msqrt>
</mrow>
Wherein, RnFor the distance of the measuring point on from air hose center to n-th of annulus；R is air hose radius；N is to be surveyed by air hose center
The serial number of annulus where point；M is the annulus number of air hose division.
10. air-tightness detection method in a kind of residential housing room according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute in step E
Air-tightness evaluation index is stated using indoor air-changing number as foundation, when residential housing has fresh air heat recovery system, air-leakage test
Standard is that indoor air-changing number is not higher than n in the case that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa50=0.6h-1, when residential housing only
When setting air discharging facility, air-leakage test standard is that indoor air-changing number is not high in the case that interior is positive pressure or negative pressure 50Pa
In n50=1.0h-1。
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| CN108956046A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-07 | 尚廷东 | A kind of building element testing machine and its building element test cover |
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Application publication date: 20180427 |