CN111945415B - 一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物及其制备和应用。该织物表面负载掺杂Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM‑AAc)和药物。该方法包括：将单体N‑异丙基丙烯酰胺NIPAM、丙烯酸AAc、交联剂和光引发剂超声分散于溶剂中，加入Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒分散液，超声分散，将得到的混合液涂覆在织物表面，在磁场下紫外光聚合，洗涤，置于药物溶液中吸药。该方法简便实用，制备得到的织物变色不需要其它设备对其提供能源，且可以重复利用，是一种环境友好型的材料，并且具备良好的拉伸性能，在使用过程中不会轻易断裂和脱落。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于智能体外药物释放材料及其制备和应用领域，特别涉及一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
体外给药***，如经皮给药和伤口给药，因具有持续输送治疗药物特殊性质而受到广泛关注。与传统的口服、鼻腔、肌肉和静脉给药相比，它们具有许多优点，如防止胃肠道中的药物降解，药物的首过效应，药物肝毒性，注射引起的疼痛，以及重复使用针头带来的传播疾病的风险。体外给药***是一种无创、无痛的治疗方法，且皮肤是人体最大的器官，皮肤的大面积暴露有助于吸收不易经口或经鼻给药的治疗性化合物，从而提高某些药物的生物利用度。体外给药***可分为被动给药***(持续释放)和主动给药***(按需释放)，持续释放仅限于单调的曲线药物释放，不考虑患者在治疗过程中的特殊需要，可能导致多药耐药性，对健康细胞毒性增加，从而治疗效果降低。与缓释不同，按需释放可以通过使用特定的外部刺激(如温度、超声波和低压电流)来启动或暂停药物的释放。这可以有效地防止药物过量引起的严重副作用和小剂量药物引起的治疗效果不佳。
然而，理想的体外药物释放***应该能够在剂量、持续时间和位置方面控制药物释放，要做到这一点，有效的实时监测药物含量的手段是必不可少的，对药物进行监测可以指导适当的药物剂量，提高治疗效率，防止多药耐药性等。目前在体外监测药物含量的策略主要通过荧光剂和药物分子的共价结合，利用近红外荧光成像实时监测药物分子，这种方法由于需要外接昂贵的监测设备，只适用于临床的治疗而不适用于日常的经皮或伤口给药。
文献(Materials Science and Engineering C,2016,62,113)中，利用热响应型聚合物聚(N-乙烯基己内酰胺)(PNVCL)设计了一个热触发的经皮给药体统，并通过乙酰氨基酚的负载，探究了其表皮药物控释的应用，然而由于缺乏有效的药物监测手段，无法对药物剂量进行有效的指导，且缺乏一种在药物释放完毕后及时提醒更换的信号，很大程度上限制了其应用价值。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物及其制备和应用，以克服现有技术中体外监测药物含量需要昂贵设备等缺陷。本发明通过颜色裸眼监测药物释放情况。
本发明提供一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物，所述织物表面负载掺杂Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)和药物。
所述热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)的结构式为：
本发明还提供一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的制备方法，包括：
将单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺NIPAM、丙烯酸AAc、交联剂和光引发剂超声分散于溶剂中，加入Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒分散液，超声分散，将得到的混合液涂覆在织物表面，在磁场下紫外光聚合，洗涤，置于药物溶液中吸药，得到载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物，其中NIPAM和AAc的质量比为5：1～20：1，NIPAM和AAc的混合液与Fe3O4@C磁性颗分散液体积比为2:1～4:1。
所述Fe3O4@C分散液的制备方法包括：将二茂铁溶于丙酮中，搅拌下逐滴加入30％过氧化氢，180℃～200℃水热反应48～72h，将得到的Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒分散于乙二醇中，即得，其中二茂铁、丙酮和过氧化氢的比例为0.3～0.5g：50～60ml：1～3ml，Fe3O4@C分散液浓度为20～40mg/ml。
所述Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的粒径为180～330nm。
所述交联剂为BIS，BIS用量为NIPAM和AAc单体总质量的1％～2％。
所述光引发剂为HMPP，HMPP用量为NIPAM和AAc单体总质量的0.5％～1％。
所述溶剂为乙醇和乙二醇的混合液，乙醇和乙二醇的体积比为1:1。
所述NIPAM和AAc单体的总浓度为0.7～0.8g/ml。
所述混合溶液的体积与织物的表面积比为0.05ml/cm2～0.15ml/cm2。
所述织物为黑色涤纶织物。
所述织物表面进行氧等离子体处理，其中氧等离子体处理的参数为100～300W、30～90s。
所述磁场强度为0.2～0.5T。
所述药物浓度为0.1～5mg/ml。
所述洗涤为：超纯水洗涤除去未反应单体。
所述药物溶液为β-CD-Mox包合物PBS溶液。
所述置于药物溶液中吸药是在室温下吸药2h。
本发明还提供一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物在药物控释和可视化实时监测药物含量中的应用。
本发明利用NIPAM、AAc、Fe3O4@C为原料，通过将基于Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的PCs结构引入热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)中，实现了药物的同步按需释放和药物含量的可视化实时监测，亲水性AAc的引入使PNIAPM的相转变温度(LCST)提高到40℃，高于体表温度，因此药物可以在室温下时储存于P(NIPAM-AAc)中，并通过温和的外部加热来释放。此外，织物基质的存在可有效防止水凝胶在过度拉伸时断裂和脱落，最后，基于Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒PCs的晶格间距随药物的吸收或释放而变化，即颜色发生变化。这些热响应性变色和药物吸收/释放行为的同步化为药物含量的可视化和实时监测提供了一种有效的方法。
有益效果
(1)本发明简便实用，通过热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)的溶胀和退溶胀行为以及基于PCs结构的颜色变化来实现药物的同步按需释放和药物含量的可视化实时监测。本发明提供了一种不需外接设备，便捷有效的可视化实时药物监测手段。
(2)本发明所制备的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物变色不需要其它设备对其提供能源，不会造成污染，是一种环境友好型的材料。
(3)本发明所制备的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物具备良好的拉伸性能，在使用过程中不会轻易断裂和脱落，且颜色在每次拉伸回复后保持稳定。
附图说明
图1为实施例3中载药的冻干P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶的断面SEM图；其中a为低倍断面SEM图；b为高倍断面SEM图，其中结晶体为β-CD/Mox包合物。
图2为实施例3中P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶中基于Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的一维链状光子晶体结构断面SEM图。
图3为实施例3所制备的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的颜色与药物累积负载/释放率的关系及其数码照片。其中(a,b)为热致变色水凝胶功能化织物颜色与药物累积负载率的关系图；(c,d)为热致变色水凝胶功能化织物颜色与药物累积释放率的关系图；(e)为药物负载/释放过程中热致变色水凝胶功能化织物颜色变化的数码照片。
图4为实施例3所制备的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的拉伸稳定性测试。其中a为拉伸30次，每隔5次回复后的反射光谱图；b为拉伸过程的光学照片。
图5为实施例3所制备的载药热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的体外抗菌实验及其动物实验。其中(a)为体外抗菌实验；(b,c)分别为载药热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的小鼠体表创口愈合的数码照片及其统计数据。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
丙烯酸(AAc)，无水乙醇和乙二醇购自国药集团化学试剂公司。二茂铁，N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)，N，N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)，光引发剂1173(HMPP)，磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)购自阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司。β-环糊精(β-CD)，盐酸莫西沙星(Mox)购自西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司。使用前将NIPAM重结晶以进一步纯化除去阻聚剂。
热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的拉伸性能是由微控电子万能试验机(20KN/WDW3020)所测得，变色性能是由光纤光谱仪(G2000-Pro-Ex)所测得，药物吸收和释放量由紫外分光光度计(UV3600)所测得。
载药过程依赖于P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶在室温(25℃)下的溶胀，将P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化的纺织品放置在β-CD-Mox的PBS溶液中，并间隔测量游离药物在280nm处的吸光度。从β-CD-Mox的吸光度-浓度标准曲线获得游离药物溶液的浓度，并将其与原始药物溶液进行比较(质量比确定为载药率)。在每个时间点测量P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化纺织品的反射光谱，并通过曲线拟合确定颜色与载药量的关系。药物释放过程的测量步骤与上述基本一致。
抗菌实验中首先将水凝胶功能化的纺织品切成小片(1X1cm2)，并浸入细菌悬液(24孔板中各含有500μl金黄色葡萄球菌悬液)中，在一定温度和时间培养后，将104倍稀释的细菌溶液均匀地涂敷于新鲜的琼脂平板，置于37℃培养箱中24小时。随后观察所形成的细菌菌落，并用菌落形成单位(CFU)计数法估算金黄色葡萄球菌的数量。
生物实验中将小鼠分为6组，每组5只。刮去小鼠的背毛，并用酒精清洗，用手术刀在小鼠表皮切割7X 7mm2的圆形伤口。在金黄色葡萄球菌感染后，将水凝胶功能化的纺织品应用于伤口区域，并根据需要在第1、2和3天释放药物。使用市售的创口贴作为空白对照，并在相同条件下添加游离药物作为阳性对照，载药的水凝胶功能化织物作为实验组(其中所吸收药物的浓度分为100μg/ml,1mg/ml和5mg/ml)。在第3、7、14天后拍摄伤口区域的照片，通过Image J.确定每个时间点的伤口区域大小。并通过以下公式计算伤口的愈合率：
其中A0和At分别是时间0和时间t处的伤口面积。
实施例1
0.3g二茂铁加入60ml丙酮中，超声5分钟溶解，然后滴加1ml 30％过氧化氢搅拌2小时，搅拌均匀后，移入100ml水热釜中，在180℃下反应48h后取出并冷却至室温。用磁场强度为0.2T的磁铁对所得产物进行磁沉积，再用丙酮再溶解，继续磁沉积3次。获得的Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒(180nm)在乙二醇中(21mg/ml)再分散。随后在3ml乙醇/乙二醇(1：1)中加入2gNIPAM、100μl AAc、20mg BIS并超声处理至完全溶解，然后加入11μL HMPP，最后，200μLFe3O4@C磁性颗粒乙二醇分散液(20mg/ml)加入上述预聚体溶液(600μL)中，超声混合10min。随后对涤纶织物(6*2cm)进行氧等离子体处理使其表面亲水(参数设定为300W，1min)，然后将处理过的涤纶织物放置在两块玻璃板的夹层中，用注射器将Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒掺杂的P(NIPAM-AAc)预聚体溶液注入夹层，玻璃板置于磁铁(0.2T)上方，采用紫外光(356nm)聚合2min，去除玻璃板，制备出具有结构颜色的P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物，用PBS对上述织物进行三次溶胀，去除未反应单体、引发剂和交联剂。将P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物浸入β-CD-Mox包合物(将β-CD和Mox以摩尔比1：1加入至超纯水中，60℃超声24小时后，降温至室温析出β-CD-Mox包合物晶体)PBS溶液(2mg/ml)中，在室温下(25℃)2h使其充分吸药，最后除去表面的存留溶液得到载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物。
实施例2
0.4g二茂铁加入60ml丙酮中，超声5分钟溶解，然后滴加2ml 30％过氧化氢搅拌2小时，搅拌均匀后，移入100ml水热釜中，在190℃下反应64h后取出并冷却至室温。用磁场强度为0.3T的磁铁对所得产物进行磁沉积，再用丙酮再溶解，继续磁沉积3次。获得的Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒(240nm)在乙二醇中(30mg/ml)再分散。随后在3ml乙醇/乙二醇(1：1)中加入2gNIPAM、200μl AAc、30mg BIS并超声处理至完全溶解，然后加入15μL HMPP，最后，300μLFe3O4@C磁性颗粒乙二醇分散液(30mg/ml)加入上述预聚体溶液(900μL)中，超声混合10min。随后对涤纶织物(6*2cm)进行氧等离子体处理使其表面亲水(参数设定为300W，1min)，然后将处理过的涤纶织物放置在两块玻璃板的夹层中，用注射器将Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒掺杂的P(NIPAM-AAc)预聚体溶液注入夹层，玻璃板置于磁铁(0.3T)上方，采用紫外光(356nm)聚合2min，去除玻璃板，制备出具有结构颜色的P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物，用PBS对上述织物进行三次溶胀，去除未反应单体、引发剂和交联剂。将P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物浸入β-CD-Mox包合物(将β-CD和Mox以摩尔比1：1加入至超纯水中，60℃超声24小时后，降温至室温析出β-CD-Mox包合物晶体)PBS溶液(3mg/ml)中，在室温下(25℃)2h使其充分吸药，最后除去表面的存留溶液得到载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物。
实施例3
0.5g二茂铁加入60ml丙酮中，超声5分钟溶解，然后滴加2ml 30％过氧化氢搅拌2小时，搅拌均匀后，移入100ml水热釜中，在200℃下反应72h后取出并冷却至室温。用磁场强度为0.4T的磁铁对所得产物进行磁沉积，再用丙酮再溶解，继续磁沉积3次。获得的Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒(300nm)在乙二醇中(40mg/ml)再分散。随后在3ml乙醇/乙二醇(1：1)中加入2gNIPAM、400μl AAc、40mg BIS并超声处理至完全溶解，然后加入20μL HMPP，最后，400μLFe3O4@C磁性颗粒乙二醇分散液(40mg/ml)加入上述预聚体溶液(1200μL)中，超声混合10min。随后对涤纶织物(6*2cm)进行氧等离子体处理使其表面亲水(参数设定为300W，1min)，然后将处理过的涤纶织物放置在两块玻璃板的夹层中，用注射器将Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒掺杂的P(NIPAM-AAc)预聚体溶液注入夹层，玻璃板置于磁铁(0.4T)上方，采用紫外光(356nm)聚合2min，去除玻璃板，制备出具有结构颜色的P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物，用PBS对上述织物进行三次溶胀，去除未反应单体、引发剂和交联剂。将P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物浸入β-CD-Mox包合物(将β-CD和Mox以摩尔比1：1加入至超纯水中，60℃超声24小时后，降温至室温析出β-CD-Mox包合物晶体)PBS溶液(5mg/ml)中，在室温下(25℃)2h使其充分吸药，最后除去表面的存留溶液得到载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物。
图1表明：P(NIPAM-AAc)凝胶具有多孔结构，便于药物的负载和释放，其中冻干的凝胶内部孔洞中有药物结晶，说明药物可以成功负载至P(NIPAM-AAc)凝胶中。
图2表明：Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒在P(NIPAM-AAc)凝胶内部组装成一维的链状光子晶体结构，从而使其呈现出明亮的颜色。
图3表明：P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物的颜色与药物负载/释放量呈现出大致的线性关系，(e)图数码照片表明随着药物负载过程，P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物的颜色从蓝色变为橙红色；而随着药物释放过程，颜色从橙红色变回蓝色。且在每个药物含量时间点都对应蓝色和橙红色之间的不同颜色。
图4表明：P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物在卷曲并拉伸(30％)30次之后依旧没有明显的断裂或脱落，并通过1、5、10、15、20、25、30次拉伸回复后的反射光谱可知，峰位和强度都没有明显的变化。
图5表明：图5(a)表明载药的P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物具有特定的温制药物释放功能，30℃时菌株在培育6h后依旧存在，而40℃时菌株基本消失，这表明药物在体表温度(30℃)可储存于凝胶中，并在温和热刺激(40℃)下触发释放。图5(b,c)小鼠表皮创口愈合实验表明，P(NIPAM-AAc)水凝胶功能化织物具有抗菌和促进伤口愈合的功能。
对比例1
文献(Materials Science and Engineering C,2016,62,113)中所得基于热响应型聚合物聚(N-乙烯基己内酰胺)(PNVCL)的体外给药体统虽然可以实现药物的按需释放，但缺少对***中药物含量的实时监测，将此体外给药***与本发明实施例3相比，可以看出实施例3中功能化织物不仅可以实现温和热刺激触发的药物按需释放，并可以通过颜色可视化实时的对药物含量进行监测，对指导药物剂量，避免多药耐药性具有重要的意义。
对比例2
文献(Advanced Functional Materials,2019，497，1902127)中，通过静电纺丝法设计制备了基于热响应型聚合物聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺)(P(NIPAM-HMAAm))的无纺布，并通过浸入载入抗生素盐酸莫西沙星。所得无纺布与加热电圈复合后实现电刺激的药物按需释放。将此体外给药***与本发明实施例3相比，可以看出实施例3不仅具备按需药物控释性能，还具备可视化实时监测药物含量的功能，可以为药物剂量提供一个明确的指导，避免用药过量带来的副作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物，其特征在于，所述织物表面负载掺杂Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒的热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)和药物，所述热响应型聚合物P(NIPAM-AAc)结构式为：
2.一种载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物的制备方法，包括：
将单体N-异丙基丙烯酰胺NIPAM、丙烯酸AAc、交联剂和光引发剂超声分散于溶剂中，加入Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒分散液，超声分散，将得到的混合液涂覆在织物表面，在磁场下紫外光聚合，洗涤，置于药物溶液中吸药，得到载药的热致变色水凝胶功能化织物，其中NIPAM和AAc的质量比为5：1～20：1，NIPAM和AAc的混合液与Fe3O4@C磁性颗分散液体积比为2:1～4:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述Fe3O4@C分散液的制备方法包括：将二茂铁溶于丙酮中，搅拌下逐滴加入过氧化氢，180℃～200℃水热反应48～72h，将得到的Fe3O4@C磁性颗粒分散于乙二醇中，即得，其中二茂铁、丙酮和过氧化氢的比例为0.3～0.5g：50～60ml：1～3ml，Fe3O4@C分散液浓度为20～40mg/ml。
4.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述交联剂为BIS，BIS用量为NIPAM和AAc单体总质量的1％～2％；光引发剂为HMPP，HMPP用量为NIPAM和AAc单体总质量的0.5％～1％。
5.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂为乙醇和乙二醇的混合液，乙醇和乙二醇的体积比为1:1；NIPAM和AAc单体的总浓度为0.7～0.8g/ml。
6.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述混合溶液的体积与织物的表面积比为0.05ml/cm2～0.15ml/cm2。
7.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述织物为黑色涤纶织物；织物表面进行氧等离子体处理，其中氧等离子体处理的参数为100～300W、30～90s。
8.根据权利要求2所述方法，其特征在于，所述磁场强度为0.2～0.5T；药物浓度为0.1～5mg/ml。
9.一种如权利要求1所述织物在药物控释和可视化实时监测药物含量中的应用。
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