CN111934202A - Three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel self-resetting - Google Patents
Three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel self-resetting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111934202A CN111934202A CN202010898009.4A CN202010898009A CN111934202A CN 111934202 A CN111934202 A CN 111934202A CN 202010898009 A CN202010898009 A CN 202010898009A CN 111934202 A CN111934202 A CN 111934202A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
- H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T14/00—Spark gaps not provided for in groups H01T2/00 - H01T13/00
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T15/00—Circuits specially adapted for spark gaps, e.g. ignition circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch which comprises an insulating base, a fixed support, a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism, a contact mechanism and a matched ignition main circuit, wherein the insulating base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed support, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism and the contact mechanism are arranged on the fixed support in a supporting mode, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating insulating support, rotating permanent magnet steel, fixed permanent magnet steel and a glass ring, the contact mechanism comprises a first movable contact, a second movable contact, an auxiliary electrode wiring terminal, a compression spring, a first insulating support, a second insulating support, a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact, and the matched ignition main circuit is used for generating pulse high voltage to start each pair of movable and static contacts to discharge. The application provides a three electrode high pressure ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel is from restoring to throne can accurate automatic re-setting to need not position detection sensor, can promote automatic level, security and the reliability of pulse type high voltage experimental facilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-point pole high-voltage ignition switches, in particular to a permanent magnet steel self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch.
Background
The three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch is a device capable of controlling a high-voltage circuit to be switched on and off, and is widely applied to pulse type high-voltage equipment. Three-electrode high-voltage ignition switches are generally composed of two main contacts and an auxiliary ignition contact. Usually have two ball main electrodes to and wear to establish the through-hole in the ball, provide insulating aciculiform auxiliary trigger electrode by the ceramic tube and be the third electrode and constitute, some fixed unchangeable of distance between the ball clearance, some can artificial zero hour adjustment, also some adopt electronic system automatic adjustment. Besides the general structure of the three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch, needle-shaped auxiliary trigger electrodes are arranged in the middle of two spherical gaps at equal intervals, namely the needle electrode is positioned at the midpoint between the two spherical electrodes. In order to avoid self-breakdown before ignition control, a high-voltage pulse ignition signal at the front end of the needle-shaped auxiliary trigger electrode must be subjected to high-voltage direct-current isolation by an isolation capacitor, and the distance between the three electrodes is inconvenient to adjust.
According to the streamer theory, the three-electrode high-voltage switch structure with the fixed and unchangeable distance between the three electrodes is simple, the spherical gap belongs to a slightly uneven air gap, and the breakdown voltage is changed in a certain random range and is relatively stable. However, in general, the operating voltage of the discharge circuit controlled by the switch may be adjusted, and the adjustment range may be wider. The rated working voltage range of the three-electrode high-voltage switch with the fixed distance between the electrodes is narrow, and if the actual working voltage is much lower than the rated voltage of the switch, the switch cannot be conducted as expected, so that the switch fails to operate; if the actual operating voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the switch, the switch breaks down if the actual voltage does not rise to the preset value, and the switch is mistakenly operated. For example, in a 30kV three-pole high-voltage switch of certain equipment maintained by the inventor of the application, the gap between contacts is fixed and cannot be adjusted, the rated working voltage of a main contact is 30kV, and the conduction of a 15 kV-30 kV high-voltage loop can be controlled. But the motion stability is very poor and occasionally the voltage reaches 30kV and then the voltage breaks down automatically. More times, the working voltage of the main loop is below 16kV, and the main loop cannot be started to discharge normally as expected; when the voltage level of the main circuit is lower than 15kV, the main circuit can not be started to discharge generally. Even the influence of the ambient temperature on the switch is more obvious, the switch can be normally controlled to be switched on generally at 16kV in summer, but the switch can not be controlled to be switched on in winter under the same condition.
The common three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch has a very narrow voltage range for effectively controlling the discharge of a main circuit due to the fixed electrode distance. In the pulse-type high-voltage experimental facility, it is generally desirable that the voltage level of the high-voltage loop controlled by the switch is frequently adjusted according to actual needs, and especially in some high-voltage laboratories, the adjustment range is sometimes wider. In order to make the switch work in a wider range, a method of adjusting the electrode gap in a manual zero-time mode is generally adopted. The adjustment of the gap distance is directly related to the breakdown voltage, and the requirements on the adjustment, measurement and other technologies of an operator and the working attitude are high, so that the use is inconvenient. The advanced three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch is provided with the automatic adjusting device with equal distance of the stepping motor, and the problem that the voltage range of the main circuit discharge is extremely narrow is well solved. However, automatic adjustment devices require sensors to detect the adjusted ball gap distance or to detect a reset to position condition for feedback control. The detection loop signal is very weak, and is very easily subjected to strong interference of an external high-voltage electric field and a large-current magnetic field, so that the detection and control difficulty is increased, and the stability and reliability of the switch are undoubtedly reduced. Moreover, whether manual adjustment or automatic adjustment is adopted, the unexpected conditions of forgetting reset, position feedback fault and the like always exist, and the risks of misoperation or refusal of the three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch are increased.
Therefore, how to innovatively develop the three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch which can be automatically reset and has no detection sensor has great practical value in the aspects of improving the automation level, safety, reliability and the like of the pulse type high-voltage experimental equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch, aiming at the technical problem that the conventional three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch has accidents such as forgetting to reset or position feedback failure and the like, so that the misoperation or operation rejection risk of the three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch is increased.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel self-resetting comprises an insulating base, a fixed support, a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism, a contact mechanism and a matched ignition main circuit; wherein,
the insulation base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed support, the top of the fixed support is fixedly connected with the upper cover, the fixed support between the insulation base and the upper cover is fixedly connected with the hollow base, and the surface of the hollow base is symmetrically provided with two fixed grooves;
the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating insulating support, rotating permanent magnet steel, fixed permanent magnet steel and a glass ring, wherein the stepping motor is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hollow base, the rotating insulating support is in a cross shape, fixing holes are symmetrically formed in the lower surfaces of the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support, the rotating permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes, the end surfaces of the rotating permanent magnet steel on the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support are magnetized, the directions of magnetic poles of the rotating permanent magnet steel are just opposite, blind holes are formed in the lower branches of the rotating insulating support, the blind holes are fixedly inserted into a main shaft of the stepping motor penetrating out of the hollow base, the fixed permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in two fixing grooves in the surface of the hollow base, the end surfaces of the fixed permanent magnet steel in the two fixing grooves are magnetized, the directions of the magnetic poles, the glass ring is placed on the surface of the hollow base and is positioned between the rotating permanent magnetic steel and the fixed permanent magnetic steel;
the contact mechanism comprises a first movable contact, a second movable contact, an auxiliary electrode connecting terminal, a compression spring, a first insulating support, a second insulating support, a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact, wherein the first movable contact and the second movable contact are fixed on two symmetrical sides of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support, the two movable contacts are connected through a conducting wire arranged in the upper branch of the rotating insulating support in a penetrating manner, the auxiliary contact is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support, the auxiliary electrode connecting terminal is fixedly inserted in the center of the upper cover, one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected with the lower end of the auxiliary electrode connecting terminal, the other end of the compression spring is in sliding pressure joint with the auxiliary contact, the first insulating support and the second insulating support are relatively and fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper cover, the first fixed contact is fixed on the inner side of the first insulating support, and the second fixed contact is fixed on the inner side of, a first main electrode wiring terminal is led out of the first fixed contact, and a second main electrode wiring terminal is led out of the second fixed contact;
the matched ignition main circuit comprises a low-voltage direct-current power supply U, a current-limiting resistor R1, an energy-storage capacitor C1, an isolation type pulse transformer T, a semiconductor control switch V1 and an isolation capacitor C2, wherein the anode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply U is connected with the anode of a semiconductor control switch V1 and one end of an energy-storage capacitor C1 through a current-limiting resistor R1, the other end of the energy-storage capacitor C1 is connected with the head end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T, the isolation type pulse transformer T is a boosting transformer and can output pulse high voltage, the tail end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is connected with the semiconductor control switch V1 and the cathode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply U, the head end of the secondary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is connected with a first movable contact and a second movable contact through an isolation capacitor C2, the tail end of, the second stationary contact is connected to the external controlled high-voltage circuit via output node U0.
Compared with the prior art, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch comprises a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism, a contact mechanism and a matched ignition main circuit, wherein the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating insulating support, rotating permanent magnet steel, fixed permanent magnet steel and a glass ring, and the contact mechanism comprises a first movable contact, a second movable contact, an auxiliary electrode wiring terminal, a compression spring, a first insulating support, a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact of a second insulating support, so that the gap distance between the movable contact and the stationary contact can be automatically adjusted under the driving of the stepping motor, the breakdown voltage is automatically controlled, and the automatic resetting is realized under the action of strong attraction between different polarities of the permanent magnet steel under the condition that the stepping motor loses power; particularly, the characteristic that the attractive force between different polarities is extremely strong when the distance between different polarity magnetic poles of the permanent magnet steel is short is utilized, and the problems that the conventional three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch is manually reset and inaccurate in reset, and the automatic reset needs detection, interference resistance and the like are solved. Therefore, the high-voltage ignition switch has simple structure, high insulating strength, automatic and accurate reset and no need of a power supply, thereby being effectively applied to certain pulse type high-voltage equipment.
Meanwhile, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch does not adopt spring resetting. Specifically, because the restoring force f of the spring is kL, k is the elastic coefficient, L is the stretching amount of the spring after being acted by the external force on the basis of the natural length of the spring when not acted by the external force, and the elastic coefficient of the spring is influenced by the ambient temperature, two ends of the spring need to be connected with a rotating or direct-acting mechanism, and the spring is inflexible. In general, the spring is near the reset 0 position, and the amount of expansion and contraction is smaller than the expansion and contraction amount after the start, so that the restoring force is also small, and the reset is extremely unreliable. In order to reliably reset, a reset limiting device needs to be arranged, and the mechanical limiting device undoubtedly increases the blocking risk; and the spring is in the reset position, generally still needs to have great flexible volume in advance to guarantee to reset accurate reliable. But the environment temperature, the connecting device, the limiting device, the pre-stretching amount and the like cause the spring return mechanism to have complicated structure and poor flexibility. The permanent magnet steel self-resetting method is adopted, the specific characteristic that the smaller the distance of the heteropolar magnetic poles is, the larger the mutual attraction is utilized, and the permanent magnet steel self-resetting device is simple in structure, automatic in resetting, accurate and reliable.
Further, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the periphery of the hollow portion of the hollow base, and the stepping motor is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the hollow base through screws in threaded connection with the mounting holes.
Furthermore, the stepping motor is a direct drive type stepping motor which is free of a speed reduction accessory and has extremely low friction force.
Further, the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel are perforated circular permanent magnet steel rings, and the rotating permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes through fixing screws penetrating through the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support.
Further, the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel are semi-circular permanent magnet steels, the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels on the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support are symmetrically distributed about a rotating central shaft of the rotating insulating support, and the two semicircular fixed permanent magnet steels fixed in the fixed groove and the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels are arranged in the same way.
Further, the first moving contact, the second moving contact, the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact are copper balls with the same diameter.
Further, the first movable contact and the second movable contact are fixed on the left side surface or the right side surface or the front side surface and the rear side surface of the upper branch of the rotary insulating support.
Further, in the position where the rotation stroke of the stepping motor is zero, the surface distances between the first movable contact and the first fixed contact and between the second movable contact and the second fixed contact are zero or maximum, and the centers of the contacts are in the same revolution level.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch of fig. 1 with some elements omitted.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an insulating base and a fixing bracket provided by the invention.
Fig. 4 is an explosion structure schematic diagram of a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism provided by the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the contact mechanism provided by the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the main circuit principle of the matched ignition provided by the invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a preferred structure of a combination of a rotating permanent magnet steel and a fixed permanent magnet steel provided by the invention.
In the figure, 1, an insulating base; 2. fixing a bracket; 21. an upper cover; 22. a hollow base; 221. fixing grooves; 222. mounting holes; 3. a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism; 31. a stepping motor; 32. rotating the insulating support; 33. rotating the permanent magnet steel; 34. fixing permanent magnet steel; 35. a glass ring; 36. fixing screws; 4. a contact mechanism; 40. a first movable contact; 41. a second movable contact; 42. an auxiliary contact; 43. an auxiliary electrode connecting terminal; 44. a compression spring; 45. a first insulating support; 46. a second insulating support; 47. a first stationary contact; 48. a second stationary contact; 49. a first main electrode terminal; 49', a second main electrode terminal; 5. the ignition main circuit is matched.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "radial", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a permanent magnet steel self-resetting based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch, which includes an insulating base 1, a fixed bracket 2, a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism 3, a contact mechanism 4 and a matching ignition main circuit 5; wherein,
the insulating base 1 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed support 2, the top of the fixed support 2 is fixedly connected with the upper cover 21, the fixed support 2 between the insulating base 1 and the upper cover 21 is fixedly connected with the hollow base 22, namely, the hollow base 22 is positioned on the fixed support 2 above the insulating base 1, two fixing grooves 221 are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the hollow base 22, and the insulating base 1 and the fixed support 2 are used for providing mechanical support and necessary electrical insulation for the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism 3, the contact mechanism 4 and the matched ignition main circuit 5;
the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism 3 comprises a stepping motor 31, a rotating insulating support 32, a rotating permanent magnet steel 33, a fixed permanent magnet steel 34 and a glass ring 35, wherein the stepping motor 21 is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hollow base 22, receives a driving signal from an existing motor controller, and rotates for a preset angle according to a signal requirement, the rotating insulating support 32 is in a cross shape, fixing holes (not shown in the figure) are symmetrically formed in the lower surfaces of the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support 32, namely the lower surfaces of the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support 32 are respectively provided with a fixing hole, the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes, the end surfaces of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 on the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support 32 are respectively magnetized, and the magnetic pole directions are just opposite, namely the magnetic pole direction of the end surface of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33, for example, the upper end surface of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 on the left branch is an N pole, the upper end surface of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 on the right branch is an S pole, the lower branch of the rotating insulating support 32 is provided with a blind hole (not shown in the figure), the blind hole is fixedly inserted into the main shaft of the stepping motor 31 penetrating through the hollow base 22, that is, the main shaft of the stepping motor 31 penetrates through the hollow base 22 and then is fixedly inserted into the blind hole, so that when the stepping motor 31 rotates, the rotating insulating support 32 and the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 are driven to rotate together, the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 is fixedly embedded into the two fixing grooves 221 on the surface of the hollow base 22, the end surfaces of the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 in the two fixing grooves 221 are magnetized, and the directions of the magnetic poles are just opposite, that the magnetic poles of the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 in the two fixing grooves 221 are the same as the rotating permanent magnet steel 33, and therefore, the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and, the glass ring 35 is placed on the surface of the hollow base 22 and positioned between the rotating permanent magnetic steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnetic steel 34, and the glass ring 35 has a small sliding friction coefficient, is easy to slide and basically has no resistance, so that the attractive force between the rotating permanent magnetic steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnetic steel 34 is in a proper range at the minimum position and the maximum position of a rotation stroke, and the recovery torque and the starting torque are adjusted from the other aspect; the effective radius of gyration between the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 and the central axis of the stepping motor 31, the size and shape of each permanent magnet steel, the strength of the magnetic field, the vertical distance between the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 on the central axis of the stepping motor 31, and other parameters determine the starting torque and the recovery torque requirements of the stepping motor 31, and the two need to be matched, the specific requirements are as follows: at the position where the rotation stroke of the stepping motor 31 is zero, the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 are closest to each other, the attraction force is also the largest, the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel are just overlapped in the direction of the central axis of the stepping motor 31, the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel have no relative deflection under the condition of no driving signal, and the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel can smoothly sideslip and relatively deflect when the; at the maximum rotating stroke of the stepping motor 31, the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 have the farthest distance and the smallest attraction force, can smoothly sideslip and deflect and reset relatively under the condition of no driving signal, and can smoothly sideslip and keep a relative deflection angle when a driving signal exists;
the contact mechanism 4 comprises a first movable contact 40, a second movable contact 41, an auxiliary contact 42, an auxiliary electrode terminal 43, a compression spring 44, a first insulating support 45, a second insulating support 46, a first fixed contact 47 and a second fixed contact 48, wherein the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 are fixed on two symmetrical sides of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support 32, the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 are connected through a conducting wire penetrating through the upper branch of the rotating insulating support 32, the auxiliary contact 42 is fixedly connected with, for example, an upper end surface of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support 32, the auxiliary electrode terminal 43 is fixedly connected with the center of the upper cover 21, the auxiliary electrode terminal 43 is used for receiving an external input high-voltage trigger starting pulse, one end of the compression spring 44 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the auxiliary electrode terminal 43, the other end is in sliding pressure connection with the auxiliary contact 42, so that the auxiliary contact 42 can be ensured to rotate relatively, the first insulating support 45 and the second insulating support 46 are relatively and fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper cover 21, the first fixed contact 47 is fixed on the inner side of the first insulating support 45, the second fixed contact 48 is fixed on the inner side of the second insulating support 46, namely the first fixed contact 47 and the second fixed contact 48 are also configured oppositely, a first main electrode connecting terminal 49 is led out from the first fixed contact 47, and a second main electrode connecting terminal 49' is led out from the second fixed contact 48; when the stepping motor 31 rotates, the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 can rotate together, so that the gap distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact, namely the distance between the first movable contact 40 and the first fixed contact 47 and the distance between the second movable contact 41 and the second fixed contact 48, are adjusted, and the purpose of adjusting the breakdown voltage is achieved;
the matched ignition main circuit 5 comprises a low-voltage direct-current power supply U, a current-limiting resistor R1, an energy-storage capacitor C1, an isolation type pulse transformer T, a semiconductor control switch V1 and an isolation capacitor C2, wherein the anode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply U is connected with the anode of a semiconductor control switch V1 and one end of an energy-storage capacitor C1 through a current-limiting resistor R1, the other end of the energy-storage capacitor C1 is connected with the head end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T, the isolation type pulse transformer T is a boosting transformer and can output pulse high voltage, the tail end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is connected with the semiconductor control switch V1 and the cathode of the low-voltage direct-current power supply U, the head end of the secondary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is connected with a first movable contact and a second movable contact through an isolation capacitor C2, the tail end, the second stationary contact is connected with an external controlled high-voltage loop through an output node U0; the working principle of the matched ignition main circuit 5 is as follows: in the charging stage, due to the current limiting effect of the current limiting resistor R1, the charging current changes slowly, so that excitation excited by a primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is small, and the external high voltage connected with the output node U0 does not start discharging of each pair of contacts due to the isolation effect of the isolation capacitor C2.
When the permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch provided by the application is required to be switched on, a low-voltage driving signal is input to the control end G of the semiconductor control switch V1 from the outside, the energy storage capacitor C1 instantaneously discharges pulses on the primary side of the isolation type pulse transformer T through the semiconductor control switch V1, and the secondary side of the isolation type pulse transformer T is excited to generate pulse high voltage due to extremely high pulse current; since the gaps of the contacts g1-g2 (namely the second fixed contact 48 and the second movable contact 41) and g3-g4 (namely the first movable contact 40 and the first fixed contact 47) can be adjusted by the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism 3, the breakdown voltage range of the control of the high-voltage ignition switch is extremely large; and because the permanent magnet steel is adopted to automatically reset the gap, when no driving signal exists, the huge pulling force between the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel enables the stroke of the contact gap to be automatically 0 or the maximum, and passive reset is not needed; the smaller the distance between the pair of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 is, the maximum mutual attraction force and the maximum restoring force are realized, so that the resetting is accurate and reliable; meanwhile, the defects of complex structures, non-automation, inaccuracy, errors and the like of manual reset of the switch, control reset of the stepping motor, reset of the spring and the like are overcome, more switch misoperation and rejection situations can be avoided, the automation level of high-voltage equipment is improved, the fault rate is reduced, the safety of experimenters is guaranteed, and the device has great practical value.
Compared with the prior art, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch comprises a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism, a contact mechanism and a matched ignition main circuit, wherein the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating insulating support, rotating permanent magnet steel, fixed permanent magnet steel and a glass ring, and the contact mechanism comprises a first movable contact, a second movable contact, an auxiliary electrode wiring terminal, a compression spring, a first insulating support, a first stationary contact and a second stationary contact of a second insulating support, so that the gap distance between the movable contact and the stationary contact can be automatically adjusted under the driving of the stepping motor, the breakdown voltage is automatically controlled, and the automatic resetting is realized under the action of strong attraction between different polarities of the permanent magnet steel under the condition that the stepping motor loses power; particularly, the characteristic that the attractive force between different polarities is extremely strong when the distance between different polarity magnetic poles of the permanent magnet steel is short is utilized, and the problems that the conventional three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch is manually reset and inaccurate in reset, and the automatic reset needs detection, interference resistance and the like are solved. Therefore, the high-voltage ignition switch has simple structure, high insulating strength, automatic and accurate reset and no need of a power supply, thereby being effectively applied to certain pulse type high-voltage equipment.
Meanwhile, the permanent magnet steel self-resetting-based three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch does not adopt spring resetting. Specifically, because the restoring force f of the spring is kL, k is the elastic coefficient, L is the stretching amount of the spring after being acted by the external force on the basis of the natural length of the spring when not acted by the external force, and the elastic coefficient of the spring is influenced by the ambient temperature, two ends of the spring need to be connected with a rotating or direct-acting mechanism, and the spring is inflexible. In general, the spring is near the reset 0 position, and the amount of expansion and contraction is smaller than the expansion and contraction amount after the start, so that the restoring force is also small, and the reset is extremely unreliable. In order to reliably reset, a reset limiting device needs to be arranged, and the mechanical limiting device undoubtedly increases the blocking risk; and the spring is in the reset position, generally still needs to have great flexible volume in advance to guarantee to reset accurate reliable. But the environment temperature, the connecting device, the limiting device, the pre-stretching amount and the like cause the spring return mechanism to have complicated structure and poor flexibility. The permanent magnet steel self-resetting method is adopted, the specific characteristic that the smaller the distance of the heteropolar magnetic poles is, the larger the mutual attraction is utilized, and the permanent magnet steel self-resetting device is simple in structure, automatic in resetting, accurate and reliable.
As a specific embodiment, referring to fig. 4, a plurality of mounting holes 222 are formed around the hollow portion of the hollow base 22, and the stepping motor 31 is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the hollow base 22 through screws screwed into the mounting holes 222, so as to fixedly connect the stepping motor 31 and the hollow base 22.
As a specific embodiment, the stepping motor 31 is a direct drive type stepping motor without a speed reduction accessory and with extremely low friction, so that the stepping motor 31 can flexibly rotate without driving current; and the smaller the step angle of the stepper motor 31, the higher the gap resolution to be adjusted.
As a specific embodiment, please refer to fig. 4, the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 are perforated circular permanent magnet steel rings, and the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes through fixing screws 36 penetrating through the left and right branches of the rotating insulating bracket 32, thereby realizing the matching and fixing of the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34.
As another specific example, please refer to fig. 7, in which the rotating permanent magnet steel 33 and the fixed permanent magnet steel 34 are both semicircular ring-shaped permanent magnet steels with the same shape, the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels 33 on the left and right branches of the rotating insulating bracket 32 are symmetrically distributed about the rotation central axis of the rotating insulating bracket 32, and the two semicircular fixed permanent magnet steels 34 fixed in the fixing groove 221 are arranged in the same way as the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels 22, so that when the fixing holes of the left and right branches of the rotating insulating bracket 32 and the two fixing grooves 221 on the surface of the hollow base 22 are designed, fixing grooves with the corresponding shapes as the semicircular permanent magnet steels should be left at corresponding positions. By adopting the structural distribution of the two semicircular fixed permanent magnet steels and the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels in the embodiment, the radiation angle of the semicircular permanent magnet steel is 180 degrees, so that the maximum rotation angle of the rotating insulating support 32 is closer to 180 degrees, and is obviously higher than that of the automatic resetting mechanism of the permanent magnet steel in other shapes.
As a specific embodiment, the first movable contact 40, the second movable contact 41, the first fixed contact 47 and the second fixed contact 48 are copper balls with the same diameter, that is, each contact is made of copper material, and it is noted that the radius of the copper ball cannot be too small to prevent spherical corona, thereby ensuring stable breakdown voltage at each gap distance.
As a specific embodiment, the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 are fixed to the upper left and right side surfaces or the front and rear side surfaces of the rotating insulating frame 32, and the movable contacts are distributed as shown in fig. 2 and fixed to the upper left and right side surfaces of the rotating insulating frame 32. Specifically, when the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 are fixed on the left and right side surfaces of the upper branch of the rotary insulating support 32 (the center connecting line of the two movable contacts is perpendicular to the center connecting line of the first fixed contact 47 and the second fixed contact 48), the high-voltage ignition switch is in a normally open state at the reset position; when the first movable contact 40 and the second movable contact 41 are fixed on the front and rear side surfaces of the upper branch of the rotary insulating support 32 (the central connecting line of the two movable contacts is in a straight line with the central connecting line of the first fixed contact 47 and the second fixed contact 48), the high-voltage ignition switch is in a normally closed state at the reset position.
As a specific example, in the position where the rotation stroke of the stepping motor 31 is zero, the surface distance (e.g., ball-to-ball surface) between the first movable contact 40 and the first fixed contact 47 and between the second movable contact 41 and the second fixed contact 48 is zero or maximum, that is, the surface distance between the movable contact and the fixed contact in each movable-fixed contact pair is zero or maximum, and the centers (e.g., ball centers) of the contacts are located in the same revolution level (i.e., at the same horizontal height), so that the distance between each movable-fixed contact pair can be easily calculated.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel self-resetting is characterized by comprising an insulating base, a fixed support, a permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism, a contact mechanism and a matched ignition main circuit; wherein,
the insulation base is fixedly connected to the bottom of the fixed support, the top of the fixed support is fixedly connected with the upper cover, the fixed support between the insulation base and the upper cover is fixedly connected with the hollow base, and the surface of the hollow base is symmetrically provided with two fixed grooves;
the permanent magnet steel self-resetting mechanism comprises a stepping motor, a rotating insulating support, rotating permanent magnet steel, fixed permanent magnet steel and a glass ring, wherein the stepping motor is fixedly installed on the lower surface of the hollow base, the rotating insulating support is in a cross shape, fixing holes are symmetrically formed in the lower surfaces of the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support, the rotating permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes, the end surfaces of the rotating permanent magnet steel on the left branch and the right branch of the rotating insulating support are magnetized, the directions of magnetic poles of the rotating permanent magnet steel are just opposite, blind holes are formed in the lower branches of the rotating insulating support, the blind holes are fixedly inserted into a main shaft of the stepping motor penetrating out of the hollow base, the fixed permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in two fixing grooves in the surface of the hollow base, the end surfaces of the fixed permanent magnet steel in the two fixing grooves are magnetized, the directions of the magnetic poles, the glass ring is placed on the surface of the hollow base and is positioned between the rotating permanent magnetic steel and the fixed permanent magnetic steel;
the contact mechanism comprises a first movable contact, a second movable contact, an auxiliary electrode connecting terminal, a compression spring, a first insulating support, a second insulating support, a first fixed contact and a second fixed contact, wherein the first movable contact and the second movable contact are fixed on two symmetrical sides of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support, the two movable contacts are connected through a conducting wire arranged in the upper branch of the rotating insulating support in a penetrating manner, the auxiliary contact is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the upper branch of the rotating insulating support, the auxiliary electrode connecting terminal is fixedly inserted in the center of the upper cover, one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected with the lower end of the auxiliary electrode connecting terminal, the other end of the compression spring is in sliding pressure joint with the auxiliary contact, the first insulating support and the second insulating support are relatively and fixedly connected to the lower surface of the upper cover, the first fixed contact is fixed on the inner side of the first insulating support, and the second fixed contact is fixed on the inner side of, a first main electrode wiring terminal is led out of the first fixed contact, and a second main electrode wiring terminal is led out of the second fixed contact;
the matched ignition main circuit comprises a low-voltage direct-current power supply U, a current-limiting resistor R1, an energy storage capacitor C1, an isolated pulse transformer T, a semiconductor control switch V1 and an isolation capacitor C2, the anode of the low-voltage direct current power supply U is connected with the anode of the semiconductor control switch V1 and one end of the energy storage capacitor C1 through a current-limiting resistor R1, the other end of the energy storage capacitor C1 is connected with the head end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T, the tail end of the primary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer T is connected with a semiconductor control switch V1 and the negative pole of a low-voltage direct-current power supply U, the head end of the T secondary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer is connected with the first movable contact and the second movable contact through an isolation capacitor C2, the tail end of the T secondary winding of the isolation type pulse transformer is connected with the first static contact and is connected with the reference ground, and the second static contact is connected with an external controlled high-voltage loop through an output node U0.
2. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are formed around the hollow of the hollow base, and the stepping motor is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the hollow base through screws screwed in the mounting holes.
3. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein the stepping motor is a direct drive type stepping motor without a speed reduction accessory.
4. The self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch based on permanent magnet steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel are perforated circular permanent magnet steel rings, and the rotating permanent magnet steel is fixedly embedded in the fixing holes through fixing screws penetrating through the left and right branches of the rotating insulating bracket.
5. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein the rotating permanent magnet steel and the fixed permanent magnet steel are semi-circular permanent magnet steels, the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels on the left and right branches of the rotating insulating bracket are symmetrically distributed about the rotating central axis of the rotating insulating bracket, and the two semicircular fixed permanent magnet steels and the two semicircular rotating permanent magnet steels fixed in the fixing groove are arranged in the same way.
6. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein the first movable contact, the second movable contact, the first fixed contact and the second fixed contact are copper balls with the same diameter.
7. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-electrode high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein the first movable contact and the second movable contact are fixed on left and right side surfaces or front and rear side surfaces of an upper branch of a rotating insulating bracket.
8. The permanent magnet steel-based self-resetting three-pole high-voltage ignition switch according to claim 1, wherein the surface distance between the first movable contact and the first fixed contact and between the second movable contact and the second fixed contact is zero or maximum at a position where the rotation stroke of the stepping motor is zero, and the centers of the contacts are within the same revolution level.
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