CN111933501A - Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron - Google Patents
Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron Download PDFInfo
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- CN111933501A CN111933501A CN202010709474.9A CN202010709474A CN111933501A CN 111933501 A CN111933501 A CN 111933501A CN 202010709474 A CN202010709474 A CN 202010709474A CN 111933501 A CN111933501 A CN 111933501A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
- H01J23/05—Cathodes having a cylindrical emissive surface, e.g. cathodes for magnetrons
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/12—Vessels; Containers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
- H01J25/52—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode
- H01J25/54—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field with an electron space having a shape that does not prevent any electron from moving completely around the cathode or guide electrode having only one cavity or other resonator, e.g. neutrode tubes
- H01J25/55—Coaxial cavity magnetrons
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Abstract
The invention discloses a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron, and belongs to the technical field of microwaves. The magnetron comprises a cathode, an anode, a reflecting cavity, a radio frequency excitation structure, a circular waveguide output structure and a shell transition section. The invention provides a fan-shaped cathode unit for generating electrons between the end of a cathode and an anode blade by exchanging the positions of the anode and the cathode. The fan-shaped cathode unit effectively solves the problems of pulse shortening, frequency drift, efficiency reduction and the like caused by plasmas generated by explosive emission in the interaction region, and can realize the pre-clustering of favorable electrons, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency and the purity of an excitation mode and obviously improving the overall efficiency of a device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and particularly relates to an L-waveband virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron.
Background
From the perspective of practical high-power microwave systems, the development of high-power microwave systems is mainly focused on four aspects: (1) the system is miniaturized and compacted, and the power consumption ratio is improved; (2) high repetition frequency operation; (3) the frequency can be tuned; (4) and (4) outputting the multi-frequency. Since its birth, the relativistic magnetron has been receiving much attention and is being studied by planning. In order to meet the development and application requirements of future high-power microwave sources, a relativistic magnetron which has the characteristics of high output power, high conversion efficiency, suitability for long-pulse and high-repetition-frequency operation and the like is developed, and becomes one of the objects of important research of people.
In 2007, Daimon et al, Changgang technology university, Japan, proposed an improved axial output relativistic magnetron based on the research of E.Schamiloglu, and the efficiency of the output microwave power was improved to 37% by adding an angle variable in the microwave extraction structure. A particle simulation study is carried out on the basis of a Daimon improved axial output structure at the university of New Mexico in 2010, a transparent cathode structure is adopted, the output power reaches 1.4GW when the voltage is applied to 400kV, the efficiency reaches 70%, and the electronic efficiency of 63% is obtained in subsequent experimental verification. The output characteristic of the relativistic magnetron is greatly improved.
However, in the coaxial structure of the conventional relativistic magnetron, the electron emission surface is located on the outer surface of the inner conductor of the coaxial structure, and the small emission area of the cathode limits the input power of the relativistic magnetron. In 2010, t.p.fleming et al, in the U.S. a, propose a structure of an inverted relativistic magnetron, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the inverted relativistic magnetron is composed of a cathode 1, an anode 2, a reflection cavity 3, a radio frequency excitation structure 4, a circular waveguide output structure 5, and a shell transition section 6, wherein the cathode 1 includes a cathode end 11, a cathode transition section 12, and a cathode shell 13, the anode 2 includes an anode post 21 and an anode vane 22, and the radio frequency excitation structure 4 includes a support rod 41, a primary excitation ring 42, and a secondary excitation ring 43. The cathode end 11 is a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical cavity inside, the cathode housing 13 is a cylindrical structure, and the anode pole 21 extends from the cylindrical cavity of the cathode end 11 to the end of the cathode housing 13. The anode vanes 22 comprise 16T-shaped anode vanes which are uniformly distributed in the direction of an angle, the bottom of each T-shaped anode vane gradually increases, a circular cavity is arranged at the joint of two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes and the anode post 21, and the cavity between two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes is in a hole-fan shape. The primary excitation ring 42 is arranged inside the shell transition section 6, the secondary excitation ring 43 is arranged inside the circular waveguide output structure 5, and the spaced T-shaped anode blades are respectively connected with the two excitation rings through support rods. The relativistic magnetron enlarges a cathode emission surface by exchanging the positions of an anode and a cathode, electrons are emitted from the inner surface of a cathode shell, the input power of the relativistic magnetron is greatly improved, the GW-level microwave output power can be realized when the input voltage is 322kV, and the conversion efficiency is only 18 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides the virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron on the basis of the structure of the inverted relativistic magnetron, and solves the problem of low conversion efficiency in the inverted relativistic magnetron. The electron beam is generated by the fan-shaped cathode unit and enters into the interaction region to form a virtual cathode, and the conversion efficiency can reach 93 percent by this way, and the mode competition problem in the inverted relativistic magnetron is improved remarkably.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an inverted relativistic magnetron for realizing high-efficiency output by utilizing a virtual cathode comprises a cathode 1, an anode 2, a reflecting cavity 3, a radio frequency excitation structure 4, a circular waveguide output structure 5 and a shell transition section 6.
The cathode 1 comprises a cathode end 11, a cathode housing 13.
The anode 2 includes an anode post 21 and an anode vane 22.
The radio frequency excitation structure 4 comprises a support rod 41, a primary excitation loop 42 and a secondary excitation loop 43.
The cathode end 11 is a cylindrical structure with a cylindrical cavity inside, and the cathode shell 13 is a cylindrical structure.
The anode posts 21 extend from the cylindrical cavity of the cathode end 11 to the end of the cathode housing 13; the anode vanes 22 comprise a plurality of T-shaped anode vanes which are uniformly distributed in the direction of an angle, the bottom of each T-shaped anode vane gradually increases, a circular cavity is arranged at the joint of two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes and the anode column, and the cavity between two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes is in a hole-fan shape.
The reflective cavity 3 is arranged in the cathode end 11.
The cavity in the shell transition section 6 is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity, and the inner wall of the cathode shell 13 is linearly transited to the inner wall of the circular waveguide output structure 5 by the shell transition section 6.
The cathode end 11, the cathode shell 13, the anode post 21, the cylindrical reflecting cavity 3, the primary exciting ring 42, the secondary exciting ring 43, the circular waveguide output structure 5 and the shell transition section 6 are coaxial.
The primary excitation ring 42 is arranged inside the shell transition section 6, the secondary excitation ring 43 is arranged inside the circular waveguide output structure 5, the spaced T-shaped anode blades are connected with the primary excitation ring 42 through short support rods, and the rest T-shaped anode blades are connected with the secondary excitation ring 43 through long support rods.
The cathode 1 is characterized by further comprising 8 fan-shaped cathode units 14 with the same structure and 8 cathode supporting structures 15.
The cathode supporting structures 15 are used for supporting the fan-shaped cathode units 14 and may be wedge-like supporting blocks, wherein a wide surface of each cathode supporting structure 15 is connected with a cathode end, and the other surface of each cathode supporting structure 15 is connected with one fan-shaped cathode unit 14.
Further, the central angle of the fan-shaped cathode unit ranges from 25 degrees to 32 degrees.
Furthermore, the width of the fan-shaped cathode unit ranges from 4.5mm to 5.5 mm.
Further, the clearance between the outer side face of the fan-shaped cathode unit and the inner wall of the cathode shell is 5 mm.
The working principle of the virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron of the invention is as follows: electrons are generated by the fan-shaped cathode unit and introduced into the interaction region. In the inverted relativistic magnetron structure, the length of the cathode shell is greater than that of the anode blade, and when high-voltage electric pulses are applied between the anode and the cathode, axial electric fields are formed at two ends of the high-frequency structure, so that electrons are restrained in an interaction region. With the increase of the electron density in the interaction region, electrons are accumulated and formed in the interaction regionA virtual cathode. Under the action of orthogonal DC electric field and magnetic field, electrons along Edc×B0The direction of the device does wheel swing motion, and when the drift speed of the device and the phase speed of the high-frequency electric field meet the synchronous condition, the electrons and the electromagnetic field can efficiently exchange energy. When working in the pi mode, the radio frequency excitation structure excites the circular waveguide TM in the circular waveguide output structure01The pattern is output to the port.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the electrons are generated by the independent fan-shaped cathode units, so that the beneficial pre-clustering of the electrons can be realized, and the energy conversion efficiency and the purity of an excitation mode are improved. Compared with an inversion relativistic magnetron in the technical background, the scheme remarkably improves the overall efficiency of the device, and a simulation result shows that the overall efficiency of the whole system can reach 93%. (2) The fan-shaped cathode unit can effectively solve the problems of pulse shortening, frequency drift, efficiency reduction and the like caused by plasmas generated by explosive emission in the interaction region. (3) The radius of the outer wall of the inverted relativistic magnetron is 114mm, the structure is compact, the guiding magnetic field required by work is low, and is only one third to one half of the guiding magnetic field required by other traditional relativistic magnetrons, and the miniaturization design of the whole high-power microwave system is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high frequency schematic diagram of a prior art inverted relativistic magnetron;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a prior art inverted relativistic magnetron;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron according to an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional view of a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron of an embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along A-A of a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron of an embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fan-shaped cathode unit of a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron according to an embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a graph of output signal power for a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the output signal spectrum of a virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments for better illustrating the objects, advantages and technical idea of the present invention. It should be noted that the specific examples given below serve only to explain the present invention in detail, and do not limit the present invention. Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic diagrams of the virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron structure of this embodiment, including a cathode 1, an anode 2, a reflective cavity 3, a radio frequency excitation structure 4, a circular waveguide output structure 5, and a shell transition section 6.
The overall radius of the outer shell of the relativistic magnetron of the embodiment is 114 mm.
The inner radius of the circular waveguide output structure 5 is 80 mm. The length of the transition section 6 of the housing is 40mm, and the reflector cavity 3 is arranged in the cathode end 11 and has a radius of 85 mm.
The cathode 1 comprises a cathode end 11, a cathode housing 13, eight identically constructed fan-shaped cathode units 14, and eight cathode support structures 15. The cathode end 11 is internally provided with a radius RctA cylindrical structure of 40mm cylindrical cavity. The cathode shell 13 is 140mm long and has an inner radius Rc110 mm. The cathode support structures 15 are wedge-like support blocks, and the wide surface of each cathode support structure 15 is connected with the end of a cathode, and the other surface of each cathode support structure is connected with a fan-shaped cathode unit 14. As shown in fig. 5, the inner radius R of the fan-shaped cathode unit 14e100mm, 5mm width t, corresponding to the central angle θ130 °, the angle θ between the center line of the fan-shaped cathode unit 14 and the center line of the nearest T-shaped anode blade4＝3.25°。
The anode 2 includes an anode post 21 and an anode vane 22. The anode post 21 has a radius Rat40mm, extending from the cylindrical cavity of the cathode end 11 to the end of the cathode housing 13; the anode vanes 22 comprise 16T-shaped anode vanes which are uniformly distributed in the direction of an angle, the bottom of each T-shaped anode vane is gradually increased, a circular cavity is arranged at the joint of two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes and the anode column, and the cavity between two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes is in a hole-fan shape; the distance between the anode vanes 22 and the top surface of the fan-shaped cathode unit 14 is 25mm. As shown in fig. 5, in which the diameter of the circular lumen is 10mm, Rv＝35mm，Ra＝80mm，θ2＝30°，θ3＝10°。
The radio frequency excitation structure 4 comprises a support conductor 41, a primary excitation loop 42, a secondary excitation loop 43. The primary excitation ring 42 is arranged inside the shell transition section 6, the secondary excitation ring 43 is arranged inside the circular waveguide output structure 5, the spaced anode blades are connected with the primary excitation ring 42 through 8 short support rods, and the remaining anode blades are connected with the secondary excitation ring 43 through 8 long support rods. The radii of the excitation ring are 80mm and 25mm, respectively, and the distances from the anode vanes are 20mm and 90mm, respectively.
A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron with an operating frequency of 1.63GHz was simulated according to the above-described embodiment. From the simulation graphs of fig. 4-5, under the conditions that the operating voltage is 600kV and the axial guiding magnetic field is 0.18T, the microwave output power is 2.13GW, and the power conversion efficiency is 93%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron comprises a cathode (1), an anode (2), a reflecting cavity (3), a radio frequency excitation structure (4), a circular waveguide output structure (5) and a shell transition section (6);
the cathode (1) comprises a cathode end (11) and a cathode shell (13); the cathode end part (11) is of a cylindrical structure, a cylindrical cavity is arranged in the cathode end part, and the cathode shell (13) is of a cylindrical structure;
the anode (2) comprises an anode post (21) and an anode blade (22); the anode post (21) extends from the cylindrical cavity of the cathode end (11) to the end of the cathode housing (13); the anode vanes (22) comprise a plurality of T-shaped anode vanes which are uniformly distributed at an angular direction, the bottom of each T-shaped anode vane is gradually increased, a circular cavity is arranged at the joint of two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes and the anode column, and the cavity between two adjacent T-shaped anode vanes is in a hole-fan shape;
the reflection cavity (3) is arranged in the cathode end part (11);
the radio frequency excitation structure (4) comprises a support rod (41), a primary excitation ring (42) and a secondary excitation ring (43); the primary excitation ring (42) is arranged inside the transition section (6) of the shell, the secondary excitation ring (43) is arranged inside the circular waveguide output structure 5, the spaced T-shaped anode blades are connected with the primary excitation ring (42) through short support rods, and the rest T-shaped anode blades are connected with the secondary excitation ring (43) through long support rods;
the cavity in the shell transition section (6) is in a circular truncated cone shape, and the inner wall of the cathode shell (13) is linearly transited to the inner wall of the circular waveguide output structure (5) by the shell transition section (6);
the cathode end (11), the cathode shell (13), the anode column (21), the cylindrical reflection cavity (3), the primary excitation ring (42), the secondary excitation ring (43), the circular waveguide output structure (5) and the shell transition section (6) are coaxial;
characterized in that the cathode (1) further comprises 8 fan-shaped cathode units (14) with the same structure and 8 cathode support structures (15); one end of the cathode supporting structure (15) is connected with the fan-shaped cathode unit (14), and the other end is connected with the cathode end part (11).
2. A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron as claimed in claim 1, wherein said cathode support structures (15) are wedge-like support blocks, each cathode support structure (15) having a broad face connected to a cathode end and another face connected to a fan-shaped cathode unit 14.
3. A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron according to claim 1, in which the central angle of said fan-shaped cathode unit (14) ranges from 25 ° to 32 °.
4. A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of said fan-shaped cathode unit (14) ranges from 4.5mm to 5.5 mm.
5. A virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the outer side of said fan-shaped cathode unit (14) and the inner wall of the cathode housing cathode casing (13) is 5 mm.
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| CN202010709474.9A CN111933501B (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112885681A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with double-end emission cathode structure |
| CN114927399A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-19 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
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| US7245082B1 (en) * | 2005-06-06 | 2007-07-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Mode seeding cathode for a relativistic magnetron |
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| US9892882B1 (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-02-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Inverted magnetron with amplifying structure and associated systems and methods |
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202010709474.9A patent/CN111933501B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
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| SU803736A1 (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1982-01-23 | Научно-Исследовательский Институт Ядерной Физики,Электроники И Автоматики При Томском Политехническом Институте Им.С.М.Кирова | Relativistic magnetron |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| TIMOTHY FLEMING等: "Design and Simulation of a T-Vane Relativistic Inverted Magnetron", 《IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112885681A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-01 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with double-end emission cathode structure |
| CN112885681B (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2022-05-03 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with double-end emission cathode structure |
| CN114927399A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-19 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
| CN114927399B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-04-11 | 电子科技大学 | Relativistic magnetron with split axial energy extraction structure |
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