CN105428191A - Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode - Google Patents
Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN105428191A CN105428191A CN201510961247.4A CN201510961247A CN105428191A CN 105428191 A CN105428191 A CN 105428191A CN 201510961247 A CN201510961247 A CN 201510961247A CN 105428191 A CN105428191 A CN 105428191A
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- negative electrode
- magnetron
- relativistic magnetron
- relativistic
- frequency hopping
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/50—Magnetrons, i.e. tubes with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
Abstract
The invention discloses a relativistic magnetron for realizing a frequency hopping operation by utilizing a transparent negative electrode, and belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure. The relativistic magnetron comprises a shell, a co-cavity structured positive electrode, a magnetron resonant cavity, the transparent negative electrode consisting of a plurality of sector negative electrodes, a tuning unit and an energy coupling output apparatus. According to the relativistic magnetron, the conventional columnar negative electrode is designed into the sector transparent negative electrode; the mode conversion between a pi mode and a 2pi mode is realized by changing the relative angle between the negative electrode fan-shaped emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity; when the relative angle between the negative electrode emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity is changed, the static electric field distribution between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is changed accordingly; meanwhile, the initial phase position of an electron beam relative to a resonant mode high frequency field is affected as well; therefore, when the negative electrode is rotates, the working mode of the relativistic magnetron is changed along with the change of the relative angle between the negative electrode emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity so as to fulfill the purpose of changing the frequency agility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ECM (Electronic Countermeasures) field, be specifically related to a kind of relativistic magnetron of frequency hopping work.
Background technology
Relativistic magnetron is one of representational high-power microwave source, there is structure simple, sturdy durable and can the feature such as Gao Zhongying work, have in all kinds of High Power Microwave System and use widely, as the Orion of Britain, Sweden MTF, the Hyperion of France, the system-level high power microwave effects systems such as the Supra of Germany all use or part employs tunable relativistic magnetron.Deepening continuously and practical requirement in recent years along with high power microwave effects research, proposes the relativistic magnetron of fast tunable, namely the frequency agility technology of relativistic magnetron.Require that relativistic magnetron is while compact conformation, miniaturization, operating frequency realizes large-scale frequency hopping fast.In order to realize relativistic magnetron compact conformation with miniaturized, usual employing permanent magnetism packing technique, in addition, the voltage regulation limits that pulse power supply provides usually is limited, and these features limit the change utilizing the change of operating voltage or operating fields to come implementation pattern or frequency.Under this kind of condition, a kind of method utilizing transparent cathode to realize relativistic magnetron is suggested.Realize relativistic magnetron frequency hopping by the angle of rotating cathode, its structure is simple, realizes easily, having very strong practicality.The relativistic magnetron leading indicator of frequency hopping work comprises power output, operating frequency, the frequency interval of frequency hopping and the time of frequency hopping needs.
At present, traditional tuning relativistic magnetron has two kinds of modes.As shown in Figure 1, it is actually the relativistic magnetron of a rising sun type structure to the structure of first kind of way, by regulating the position of rectangular shaped slider, changing the operating frequency of resonant cavity, thus achieving frequency tuning.As shown in Figure 2, it is a relativistic magnetron with cavity configuration to the structure of another mode, by changing the negative electrode of different radii in work, realizing the conversion of π pattern and 2 π patterns, realizing the saltus step of frequency.These two kinds of modes all belong to the mode of mechanical adjustment.The first regulative mode needs guarantee five rectangular shaped slider position consistency, and be π die worker in whole process and do, its frequency change is a continuous print process.This kind of regulative mode complicated structure, and regulate needed for time long.Simultaneously at frequency two ends respectively due to mode competition and the impact of zero mould, will there is obvious decline in power.The second mode of frequency regulation needs to open vacuum chamber to change negative electrode, and need when again working again to obtain vacuum, the required time is longer.These characteristics seriously limits the application of frequency hopping relativistic magnetron in real work.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of relativistic magnetron of frequency Fast transforms, be intended to solve conventional tunable relativistic magnetron frequency adjustment the time comparatively slow and problem of inconvenience, also regulate frequency agility more at need for such as permanent magnetism packaging relativistic magnetron at operating fields or operating voltage.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Utilize transparent cathode to realize a relativistic magnetron for frequency hopping work, the transparent cathode, tuner and the Energy Coupling output device that comprise shell, form with cavity configuration anode, magnetron cavity, some sector negative electrodes, is characterized in that:
Described magnetron cavity by even number circumferentially equally distributed vane type resonator form;
The number of described sector negative electrode is corresponding with the number of vane type resonator, its one end connects axle in outside accelerator by cathode branch strut, the other end connects tuner by dielectric bar, under tuner effect, transparent cathode pivots the relative position of i.e. adjustable itself and vane type resonator;
Described same cavity configuration anode two ends are provided with the annular end cap preventing micro axial from revealing;
Described magnetron adopts Radial Coupling to export, and namely open a rectangle coupling gap at a certain vane type resonator back, the length of slit aperture is consistent with output waveguide, and width is determined according to required loaded Q, by impedance transformer transition between magnetron and output waveguide.
Further, the axial length of described negative electrode is less than 1/2nd of anode axial length.
Further, the number of described vane type resonator and sector negative electrode is 6.
In the mode of resonance of relativistic magnetron, π mould and 2 π moulds all belong to nondegenerate pattern, can as the mode of operation of relativistic magnetron.In theory, when the angle speed of electronics and the phase velocity of certain pattern close to time, the higher-order of oscillation of this pattern will have been encouraged.When relativistic magnetron is operated in different mode, exports microwave frequency and the change along with pattern is changed.The present invention is the sector transparent cathode form be designed to by traditional cylindrical cathode as shown in Figure 3, and because electron beam has been in prebunch state when cathode surface is launched, this kind of structure can accelerate the starting of oscillation speed of magnetron.The present invention realizes the patten transformation between π mould and 2 π moulds by the relative angle changing negative electrode fan-shaped emission face and vane type resonator.When cathode emission face changes with the relative angle of vane type resonator, the electrostatic field distribution between anode and cathode also changes thereupon; Simultaneously affected also have electron beam relative to the initial phase of mode of resonance radio-frequency field.Therefore, when cathode rotary, along with the relative angle of cathode emission face with vane type resonator changes, the mode of operation of relativistic magnetron also changes thereupon, reaches the object of frequency agility.
The present invention is a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency Fast transforms, is applicable to the occasion of operating voltage and flux control inconvenience, as permanent magnetism packaging relativistic magnetron.In actual applications, two operating frequency separation are comparatively large, usually across wave band, by the checker work of two kinds of frequencies, can effectively increase for effect object.Although it is tuning that the present invention still belongs to mechanical type, compared with the mode of traditional mechanical tuning, there is frequency agility speed faster, simpler structure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the tunable relativistic magnetron schematic diagram adopting rising sun type structure;
Fig. 2 is the relativistic magnetron schematic diagram of same cavity configuration;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation (a. three-dimensional section view, b. longitudinal section, c. cross-sectional view) of relativistic magnetron embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is electrostatic field distribution (a. negative electrode b. negative electrode and positive electrode corresponding to resonant cavity block is corresponding) of relativistic magnetron embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the mode spectrum distribution of relativistic magnetron embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the π mode distributions figure of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is 2 π mode distributions figure of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that the π mould of the embodiment of the present invention and 2 π mould B-H scheme;
Fig. 9 is the particle emulation partial results (negative electrode is corresponding with resonant cavity) of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the particle emulation partial results (negative electrode and positive electrode block is corresponding) of the embodiment of the present invention.
Drawing reference numeral illustrates:
1.1 negative electrodes, 1.2. anode, 1.3. resonant cavity, the tuning slide block of 1.4..
2.1 negative electrodes, 2.2. anode, 2.3. resonant cavity.
1. negative electrode, 2. anode, 3. resonant cavity, 4. impedance transformer, 5. output waveguide, 6. shell, 7. insulating support rod, 8. anode end cap, 9. cathode branch strut, 10. vacuum chamber.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The working frequency points of the frequency hopping relativistic magnetron of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively 2.90GHz (π mould, S-band) and 4.20GHz (2 π moulds, C-band), power output is about 700MW, when requiring relativistic magnetron operating frequency saltus step, work electrical quantity keeps constant.
The present embodiment as shown in Figure 3, a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency hopping work, work under vacuum, the transparent cathode 1, tuner and the Energy Coupling output device that comprise shell 6, form with cavity configuration anode 2, magnetron cavity 3, some sector negative electrodes.
Magnetron cavity 3 by 6 circumferentially equally distributed vane type resonator form, in the present embodiment, vane type resonator outer radius Rv=4.11cm, inside radius Ra=2.11cm, subtended angle 20 degree, axial length is 7.2cm, and anode material is 1cr18ni9ti; Be provided with the annular end cap 8 preventing micro axial from revealing with cavity configuration anode two ends, material is 1cr18ni9ti.
6 sector negative electrodes are uniformly distributed formation transparent cathode, material is graphite, there is protruding link at sector negative electrode two ends, its one end connects cathode branch strut 9, connected the negative pole of accelerator further by cathode branch strut, the other end connects tuner, in the present embodiment by dielectric bar, the outer radius Rc=1.5cm of sector negative electrode, the flux control scope that the voltage regulation limits provided according to accelerator or solenoid provide is selected; Axial length is 2cm, and the impedance according to accelerator is selected; Fan-shaped subtended angle is 20 degree, the radius (i.e. sector negative electrode inside radius) of two support bars is 5mm, when utilizing the rotating insulated dielectric rod of tuner, cathode emission face changes with the relative position of anode, utilize this change just, make magnetron be operated in different patterns, realize frequency hopping.Wherein, sheathing material is 1cr18ni9ti, and insulating supporting bar material is macromolecular material, and cathode support bar material is oxygen-free copper.
Described magnetron adopts Radial Coupling to export, and namely open a rectangle coupling gap at a certain vane type resonator back, the length of slit aperture is 7.2cm, consistent with output waveguide BJ32, width d=0.8cm; By Chebyshev's impedance transformer 4 transition between magnetron and output waveguide 5, waveguide and impedance transformer material are oxygen-free copper.Impedance transformer reduces the reflection in microwave coupling output procedure, also plays the effect of Differential Output power when operating frequency changes.
Application CST microwave studio analyzes stilling the theatre distribution during voltage-drop loading, as shown in Figure 4, (a) for cathode emission face is just to stilling the theatre distribution during resonant cavity, stilling the theatre distribution during (b) antianode positive for cathode emission face.Visible, when cathode rotary, the electric field change between anode and cathode is fairly obvious.
Application CST microwave studio analyzes the high frequency characteristics of magnetron, its dispersion mode spectrum as shown in Figure 5, the cold chamber resonance frequency of π mould (pattern count 3) and 2 π moulds (pattern count 6) is respectively 3.20GHz and 4.52GHz, respectively as shown in Figure 6, Figure 7, the phase intervals between adjacent chambers is π and 2 π to the field pattern of the two respectively.
In the theory of relativity big current situation, the synchronous condition of electronics and radio-frequency field is
In formula
M and e is respectively electron mass and electric charge, and c is the light velocity, r
awith r
cbe respectively anode radius and cathode radius, w
0for the angular frequency of radio-frequency field, I is magnetron operating current, and Bze is magnetron operating fields.The synchronous curve of π mould and 2 π moulds with by curve as shown in Figure 8.As seen from the figure, under same magnetic field, the operating voltage of π mould and 2 π moulds is inconsistent, and the electrostatic field also namely between anode and cathode is different.So work as rotating cathode, when causing the electrostatic field change between anode and cathode, the change along with condition of work changes by the mode of operation of magnetron.
Under said structure parameter, steady job magnetic field is 0.75Tesla, and when operating voltage is 600kV, 700kV and 800kV, by insulating support rod rotating transparent negative electrode, utilize PIC particle simulation to carry out simulation calculation, the particle simulation result obtained is as shown in table 1 below.Analog result clearly reflects, under identical running parameter, when rotating transparent negative electrode, relativistic magnetron mode of operation can be caused to realize conversion, and operating frequency realizes saltus step.Analog result as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10.Wherein, Fig. 9 is the power output of magnetron when being operated in π mould and frequency, and Figure 10 is the power output of magnetron when being operated in 2 π mould and frequency.
Table 1 rotating fan transparent cathode structure result of calculation
In sum, the present embodiment working frequency points can realize the saltus step across wave band between S-band and C-band.In frequency hopping process, power output maintains about 700MW, and in the process of frequency agility, the electrical quantity (voltage and magnetic field) of work keeps constant.This frequency agility technology in conjunction with the permanent magnetism packing technique of relativistic magnetron, can be formed the frequency agility relativistic magnetron that miniaturization structure is compact, has actual application value.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, embodiment described here is to help reader understanding's the invention process method, should be understood to that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to so special statement and embodiment.Those of ordinary skill in the art can make other various concrete distortion and combination according to these technology enlightenment disclosed by the invention, and these distortion and combination are still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. utilize transparent cathode to realize a relativistic magnetron for frequency hopping work, the transparent cathode, tuner and the Energy Coupling output device that comprise shell, form with cavity configuration anode, magnetron cavity, some sector negative electrodes, is characterized in that:
Described magnetron cavity by even number circumferentially equally distributed vane type resonator form;
The number of described sector negative electrode is corresponding with the number of vane type resonator, its one end connects axle in outside accelerator by cathode branch strut, the other end connects tuner by dielectric bar, under tuner effect, transparent cathode pivots the relative position of i.e. adjustable itself and vane type resonator;
Described same cavity configuration anode two ends are provided with the annular end cap preventing micro axial from revealing;
Described magnetron adopts Radial Coupling to export, and namely open a rectangle coupling gap at a certain vane type resonator back, the length of slit aperture is consistent with output waveguide, and width is determined according to required loaded Q, by impedance transformer transition between magnetron and output waveguide.
2. a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency hopping work as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the axial length of described negative electrode is less than 1/2nd of anode axial length.
3. a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency hopping work as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the number of described vane type resonator and sector negative electrode is 6.
4. a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency hopping work as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described impedance transformer is Chebyshev's impedance transformer.
5. a kind of relativistic magnetron utilizing transparent cathode to realize frequency hopping work as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described sector negative electrode two ends are provided with protruding link, are connected with cathode branch strut and insulating support rod by link.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106298407A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-01-04 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of three controlled high-power pulsed ion beams of frequency |
| CN108231509A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | A kind of magnetron tuner and magnetron |
| CN108807117A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of double note double frequency relativistic magnetrons of L-band |
| CN111540656A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-08-14 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | S and C waveband double-frequency controllable high-power microwave device |
| CN111933501A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron |
| CN114446741A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Array module magnetron and novel high-power magnetron unit |
| CN114664617A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-24 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ring rod coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114783848A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge circular waveguide coupling structure frequency locking phase locking |
| CN114823251A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-29 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of branch feed structure |
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Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106298407A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2017-01-04 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of three controlled high-power pulsed ion beams of frequency |
| CN108231509A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-06-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | A kind of magnetron tuner and magnetron |
| CN108231509B (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2024-03-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十二研究所 | Magnetron tuning device and magnetron |
| CN108807117A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of double note double frequency relativistic magnetrons of L-band |
| CN111540656B (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2023-03-31 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | S and C waveband double-frequency controllable high-power microwave device |
| CN111540656A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-08-14 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | S and C waveband double-frequency controllable high-power microwave device |
| CN111933501A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-11-13 | 电子科技大学 | Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron |
| CN111933501B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-09-24 | 电子科技大学 | Virtual cathode inverted relativistic magnetron |
| CN114446741A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Array module magnetron and novel high-power magnetron unit |
| CN114664617B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-08-11 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascading relativistic magnetron based on loop bar coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114664617A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-24 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ring rod coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114783848A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-22 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge circular waveguide coupling structure frequency locking phase locking |
| CN114783848B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-06-02 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on ridge waveguide coupling structure frequency locking and phase locking |
| CN114823251A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-29 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on frequency locking and phase locking of branch feed structure |
| CN114823251B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-14 | 电子科技大学 | Axial cascade relativistic magnetron based on branch feed structure frequency locking and phase locking |
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