CN111926326B - Laser repairing method for eliminating axial stress of bearing position of precision gear shaft - Google Patents
Laser repairing method for eliminating axial stress of bearing position of precision gear shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN111926326B CN111926326B CN202010882669.3A CN202010882669A CN111926326B CN 111926326 B CN111926326 B CN 111926326B CN 202010882669 A CN202010882669 A CN 202010882669A CN 111926326 B CN111926326 B CN 111926326B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser repairing method for eliminating axial stress of a bearing position of a precision gear shaft, which belongs to the technical field of metal surface engineering and is characterized in that: and carrying out laser cladding on the bearing position by adopting spiral melting channels in opposite directions. The specific method comprises the following steps: grinding off a fatigue wear layer on the surface of a bearing position of the precision gear shaft; cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol; preparing alloy powder; and (3) mounting and clamping the precision gear shaft on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, scanning alloy powder conveyed in place by gravity powder feeding through a fiber laser, and carrying out laser cladding on the precision gear shaft. The repair method eliminates the axial stress in the laser cladding repair of the precision gear shaft, avoids the hidden danger that cracks may be generated at the bearing position due to the axial stress when the precision gear shaft operates at high frequency and high speed later, and ensures the long-term safe and stable operation of the repaired precision gear shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface engineering, in particular to a laser repairing method for a precise gear shaft bearing position of a blast furnace supercharger for eliminating axial stress.
Background
The supercharger is a key device in the blast furnace, and it has a function of blowing hot air to the blast furnace and compressing air. In use, the air is compressed at a high speed by the supercharger, so that the air temperature is increased, the pressurized air is heated by the gas furnace to reach a high-temperature and high-pressure state, and is blown into the blast furnace, so that the reduction reaction of iron ore and coke is promoted, and molten iron is generated.
As the core equipment of the blast furnace, the supercharger works safely and stably, and the iron yield and the safe operation of the blast furnace are directly related. The rotation speed of a precise gear shaft which is a core component in the supercharger reaches more than 6000r/min, and the dimensional deviation of the precise gear shaft in each direction is required to be less than 0.02mm due to high-speed rotation, so that internal stress is not allowed to exist in the precise gear shaft, otherwise fatigue cracks are easily generated, and the precise gear shaft is damaged to stop production of the blast furnace; the bearing position of the fatigue-worn precise gear shaft cannot be repaired by adopting the traditional processes of arc welding, plasma surfacing and the like, and the repaired gear shaft is scrapped due to the fact that the repaired gear shaft has the problems of large thermal deformation, large residual stress after welding and the like.
In recent years, a laser cladding process is adopted for repairing common precise instruments, and the method is characterized in that a good cladding layer with low dilution rate can be obtained by designing alloy components of the cladding layer and adjusting laser process parameters, the components and the dilution degree of the cladding layer are controllable, the cladding layer with a wide thickness range can be obtained by adjusting the process parameters, the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.2-2.0 nm, the material consumption is low, and the cost performance is high; however, the laser cladding process is equivalent to a small casting process, and the process characteristics of rapid melting and rapid solidification enable the cladding layer to have large residual stress, the workpiece to deform and even have cracks, especially axial stress, and the axial stress has the hidden trouble that cracks may be generated at the bearing position.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a laser repairing method for a precision gear shaft bearing of a blast furnace supercharger to eliminate axial stress, so as to solve the above problems in the prior art and ensure precision, safety and reliability of repairing the precision gear shaft.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a laser repair method for eliminating axial stress of a bearing position of a precision gear shaft adopts a laser cladding technology, and is characterized in that: cladding the bearing position by adopting spiral line melting channels with opposite directions, comprising the following steps:
during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the alloy powder used in cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 2.3% -2.8%, Si: 1.26-1.35%, Cr: 15% -17%, C: 0.02% -0.03%, Ni: 2.5-3.5 percent, the balance being Fe, the purity of each component being more than 99.9 percent, and the granularity being 135-325 meshes.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.0~3.3 kW, scanning speed is: 450 to 600 mm/min.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the thickness of the cladding layer during cladding is 1.5-2.0 mm.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention achieves the following technical effects:
the laser repair method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger has the advantages of the laser cladding technology, avoids thermal deformation in repair, and ensures that the repaired precise gear shaft does not have dimensional deviation out of tolerance caused by thermal deformation; meanwhile, as two spiral line melting channels in opposite directions are adopted for cladding of the bearing position, axial stress is counteracted mutually, the aim of keeping the axial stress to be zero after repair is further achieved, the axial stress of laser repair of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is eliminated, the hidden danger that the bearing position is likely to crack due to the axial stress during high-frequency and high-speed operation of the precision gear shaft in the future is avoided, and the long-term safe and stable operation of the repaired precision gear shaft is ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 1.0mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.3%, Si: 1.26%, Cr: 15%, C: 0.02%, Ni: 2.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.0kW, the scan speed is: 450 mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.5 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 0.5 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
Example two
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 0.5mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.8%, Si: 1.35%, Cr: 17%, C: 0.03%, Ni: 3.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the bearing position of the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.3 kW, the scanning speed is: 600 mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.5 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 1.0 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
EXAMPLE III
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 1.0mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.4%, Si: 1.30%, Cr: 15%, C: 0.02%, Ni: 2.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the bearing position of the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.0kW, the scan speed is: 450 mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.5 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 0.5 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
Example four
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 1.0mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.5%, Si: 1.26%%, Cr: 16%, C: 0.02%, Ni: 2.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the bearing position of the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.2kW, the scan speed is: 500 mm/min, cladding layer thickness 2.0 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 1.0 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
EXAMPLE five
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 0.8mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.5%, Si: 1.32%, Cr: 17%, C: 0.03%, Ni: 3.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the bearing position of the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.3 kW, the scanning speed is: 600 mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 2.0 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 1.2 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
EXAMPLE six
The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precise gear shaft of the blast furnace supercharger for eliminating the axial stress comprises the following steps of:
(1) according to the abrasion condition, the surface of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft is ground by 0.7mm on one side, and a fatigue abrasion layer is removed;
(2) cleaning the ground surface with absolute ethyl alcohol;
(3) preparing alloy powder, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: mo: 2.4%, Si: 1.26%, Cr: 15%, C: 0.02%, Ni: 3.0 percent of Fe, and the balance of Fe, wherein each component of the alloy powder is powder with the purity of more than 99.9 percent and the granularity of 135-325 meshes;
(4) the precise gear shaft is mounted and clamped on a numerical control laser processing machine tool, alloy powder conveyed in place is scanned by a fiber laser through gravity, laser cladding is carried out on the bearing position of the precise gear shaft, and the laser cladding technological parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.1kW, the scan speed is: 480 mm/min, and the thickness of the cladding layer is 1.5 mm;
(5) during cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with a first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the existing channel at the other end of the bearing position;
(6) grinding the bearing position of the precision gear shaft according to a drawing, wherein the single-side grinding amount is 0.8 mm;
(7) carrying out ultrasonic and surface dye inspection on the precision gear shaft, and detecting whether internal and surface defects exist;
(8) and (4) coating rust-proof oil on the precision gear shaft which is qualified by inspection, and packaging for later use.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A laser repair method for eliminating axial stress of a bearing position of a precision gear shaft adopts a laser cladding technology, and is characterized in that: cladding the bearing position by adopting spiral line melting channels with opposite directions, comprising the following steps:
during laser cladding, selecting a melting point at one end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of a first ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first ring according to program setting after cladding for a circle, then starting to walk a spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, and finishing when the outer side of a melting channel is aligned with the end part of the other end of the bearing position; and then, carrying out reverse cladding, selecting a melting point at the other end of the bearing position of the precision gear shaft, starting laser cladding of the first circular ring, continuously finishing 1/12 times of overlapping cladding with the first circular ring channel according to program setting after cladding for one circle, then starting to walk the spiral line, setting the step length to be 10mm, filling the blank between the first spiral line by the channel, and finishing when the outer side of the channel is aligned with the inner side edge of the channel existing at the other end of the bearing position.
2. The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precision gear shaft for eliminating the axial stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the alloy powder used in cladding comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 2.3% -2.8%, Si: 1.26-1.35%, Cr: 15% -17%, C: 0.02% -0.03%, Ni: 2.5-3.5 percent, the balance being Fe, the purity of each component being more than 99.9 percent, and the granularity being 135-325 meshes.
3. The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precision gear shaft for eliminating the axial stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the laser cladding process parameters are as follows: the size of a rectangular wide light spot is 2 multiplied by 14mm, and the laser power is as follows: 3.0~3.3 kW, scanning speed is: 450 to 600 mm/min.
4. The laser repairing method for the bearing position of the precision gear shaft for eliminating the axial stress as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the cladding layer during cladding is 1.5-2.0 mm.
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| CN104141129B (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-10-05 | 燕山大学 | A kind of restorative procedure of screw rod |
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