CN111911236B - Automatic monitoring and measuring method for multi-section tunnel - Google Patents
Automatic monitoring and measuring method for multi-section tunnel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel, which comprises the following steps: the main control unit sets initial monitoring measurement parameters; the main control unit controls the n monitoring and measuring units to synchronously monitor and measure according to the set monitoring and measuring frequency and records the measuring data returned by each monitoring and measuring unit in real time; and when the tunnel automatic monitoring measurement is finished, obtaining a vault subsidence change curve and a peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section. Has the advantages that: 1. the invention can simultaneously monitor and measure a plurality of tunnel sections, and the number of the monitored sections has expansibility; 2. the method provided by the invention is more efficient. The method can reduce the frequency of monitoring personnel entering and exiting the tunnel, thereby playing a role in ensuring the safety of the personnel. 3. The method has high data acquisition frequency, can more accurately reflect the actual conditions of vault subsidence and peripheral displacement through mass data analysis, and realizes efficient monitoring on the tunnel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel.
Background
The tunnel monitoring measurement is one of three major elements of the new Austrian construction, and the tunnel construction carries out informationized construction by monitoring the measurement result, so that the self-supporting function of the surrounding rock is utilized to the maximum extent, and the tunnel construction is in a dynamic management system. Specifically, before the construction of tunnel engineering, the surrounding rock mass is in a stable ground stress environment, the excavation of the tunnel destroys the balance state of the original ground stress of the rock mass, and the tunnel surrounding rock reaches a new balance state again through the self-stabilization of the tunnel surrounding rock and the support of the support structure. The tunnel construction monitoring measurement means: in the tunnel construction process, various instruments and tools are used for monitoring the deformation and stress states of surrounding rocks and supporting linings, so that the following purposes are achieved: (1) and according to the measurement information, early warning of dangerous cases is carried out so as to take measures in time and avoid accidents. (2) The method has the advantages that the development trend of tunnel surrounding rock and support deformation is known, the stability of the surrounding rock is judged, and the final stabilization time of the tunnel surrounding rock is predicted, so that a reasonable construction sequence and the time for constructing a secondary lining are arranged. (3) And (3) checking construction pre-design, and adjusting support parameters and a construction method to ensure that the design and construction are more economic and reasonable. (4) The measurement result of the existing engineering can be directly applied to subsequent similar surrounding rocks and also accumulates reference data for other similar engineering.
At present, aiming at the work of vault subsidence and peripheral displacement in the tunnel monitoring and measuring project, the traditional monitoring means mainly comprises the steps of installing embedded parts at tunnel arch waist and vault measuring points through instruments such as a total station, a convergence gauge, a level gauge and the like, filling the embedded parts with concrete, and measuring after concrete mortar is solidified. Because the traditional tunnel monitoring and measuring method is complex to operate, monitoring and measuring work needs to follow in real time in the tunnel construction process, measuring point arrangement has great progress influence on the construction process, and meanwhile, because more large-scale mechanical construction exists in the tunnel construction, embedded parts in concrete can be damaged, so that measurement data errors are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel, which can effectively solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
step 3, carrying out initial installation and debugging on the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel, wherein the debugging method comprises the following steps:
the cross section of the tunnel is a horizontal plane, and an XY coordinate system is established on the cross section of the tunnel by taking the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as the Y-axis direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel as the X-axis direction;
suppose that n tunnel sections need to be automatically monitored and measured at present, and the n tunnel sections are respectively recorded as: a 1 st tunnel section, a 2 nd tunnel section, an nth tunnel section;
then: for any ith monitoring and measuring unit, wherein i is 1,2, n, the laser emission direction of an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is adjusted, so that laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module is emitted to the vault position of the ith tunnel section; initially, the vault position of the ith tunnel cross section is position a, and therefore, the linear distance L from position B to position a can be measuredBA(ii) a Measuring an upward inclination angle & lt & gt of oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through an oblique laser deviation angle sensor; wherein the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt is an included angle between oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module and the X-axis direction;
adjusting the horizontal laser emitting direction of a horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit to enable horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module to horizontally emit to the arch waist position opposite to the section of the ith tunnel; initially, the arch position of the i-th tunnel cross section opposite to the arch position is set as a position C, and therefore, a straight-line distance L from the position B to the position C can be measuredBC(ii) a Measuring a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through a horizontal laser deviation angle sensor; wherein, the horizontal deviation angle alpha is the included angle between the horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module and the Y-axis direction;
therefore, the corresponding relation between each monitoring and measuring unit and the corresponding tunnel section is realized;
step 4, the main control unit sets the initial monitoring measurement parameters, including: monitoring the measurement frequency;
step 5, maintaining the installation posture of the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel unchanged, namely: keeping the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt of the oblique laser ranging module and the horizontal deviation angle & ltalpha & gt of the horizontal laser ranging module of each monitoring and measuring unit constant;
the main control unit controls n monitoring measurement units to synchronously monitor and measure according to the set monitoring measurement frequency, and records the measurement data returned by each monitoring measurement unit in real time, specifically, when the monitoring measurement time is reached, the following data are collected for any ith monitoring measurement unit:
the slant laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BA’(ii) a Where position a' is the dome position at the present moment, i.e.: forming a new vault position after the vault sinks; distance LBA’Is the linear distance from position B to position a' at the current time t 1;
the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BC’(ii) a Where the position C' is the current time archway position, i.e.: the position of the arch waist after the displacement of the periphery of the tunnel; distance LBC’Is the straight-line distance from position B to position C' at the current time t 1;
thus, the master control unit will time t1, distance LBA’And a distance LBC’Storing the data into a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit;
the continuous advance of the tunnel monitoring time, the distance L is stored in the data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unitBA’And a distance LBC’A time series of (a);
step 6, when the tunnel automatic monitoring measurement is finished, the main control unit obtains the vault sinking change curve and the peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section in the following modes:
step 6.1, for any ith tunnel section, the main control unit reads a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit to obtain the distance LBA’A time-varying sequence of (a);
step 6.2, for each time t1, obtaining the vault depression Δ H at the time t1 by the following method:
1) read initial time vault to monitoring measurand mounting point's linear distance, promptly: readingTaking the linear distance L from the position B to the position ABA(ii) a Reading an upward inclination angle beta of an oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) according to the sine theorem of a triangle, the following formula is adopted to obtain an initial vertical distance value H from the vault to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument1：
H1＝LBA*sin∠β.......................(1)
3) Along with the sinking of the tunnel vault, because the upward inclination angle of the oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, the vertical distance value from the vault corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring and measuring instrument is obtained by adopting the following formula:
H2＝LBA′*sin∠β...............................(2)
wherein: l isBA′The linear distance value from the vault corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the dome depression Δ H at time t1 is obtained using the following formula:
ΔH＝H1-H2＝(LBA-LBA′)*sin∠β......(3)
step 6.3, for each time t1, obtaining the tunnel peripheral displacement value Δ L at the time t1 by:
1) read initial time hunch waist to monitor the linear distance of surveying appearance mounting point, promptly: reading the linear distance L from the position B to the position CBC(ii) a Reading a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) calculating the initial value L of the section width of the ith tunnel by adopting the following formula3：
L3＝LBC*sin∠α...............................(4)
3) Along with the displacement around the tunnel, because the horizontal deviation angle alpha of the horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, the width value after the convergence around the ith tunnel section corresponding to the time t1 is obtained by adopting the following formula:
L4＝LBC’*sin∠α................................(5)
wherein: l isBC’The straight line distance value from the arch waist corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the tunnel peripheral displacement value Δ L at time t1 is obtained by the following equation:
ΔL＝L3-L4＝(LBC-LBC’)*sin∠α........................(6)
step 6.4, obtaining a time sequence of vault subsidence delta H through the step 6.2; representing the vault subsidence delta H into a coordinate system by taking time as an abscissa and vault subsidence delta H as an ordinate, and obtaining a vault subsidence change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode;
through the step 6.3, a time sequence of the displacement value delta L of the tunnel periphery is obtained; representing the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel into a coordinate system by taking time as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel as an ordinate, and obtaining a peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode; and further realizing the real-time monitoring and measuring of the tunnel section to be monitored and measured.
The automatic monitoring and measuring method for the multi-section tunnel provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can monitor and measure a plurality of tunnel sections simultaneously, and the number of the monitored sections has expansibility;
2. compared with the traditional monitoring means, the method provided by the invention is more efficient. Due to the fact that the tunnel field environment is complex, the safety of monitoring personnel and other factors are considered, the method can reduce the frequency of the monitoring personnel entering and exiting the tunnel, and therefore the method plays a role in guaranteeing the safety of the monitoring personnel.
3. Compared with the traditional monitoring and measuring method, the method has high data acquisition frequency, can reflect the actual conditions of vault subsidence and peripheral displacement more accurately through mass data analysis, and realizes efficient monitoring on the tunnel.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an overall arrangement of the multi-section tunnel automatic monitoring and measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a tunnel monitoring section vault sag model provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a model of peripheral displacement according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
Based on the problems existing in the traditional tunnel monitoring measurement, the invention provides the automatic monitoring measurement method for the multi-section tunnel.
The multi-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument provided by the invention is applied to monitoring tasks of vault subsidence and peripheral displacement of projects which are necessarily measured by tunnel monitoring measurement.
Specifically, referring to fig. 1, the method for automatically monitoring and measuring a multi-section tunnel provided by the present invention includes the following steps:
step 3, carrying out initial installation and debugging on the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel, wherein the debugging method comprises the following steps:
referring to fig. 2, a tunnel cross section is a horizontal plane, and an XY coordinate system is established on the tunnel cross section by taking a tunnel longitudinal direction as a Y-axis direction and a tunnel transverse direction as an X-axis direction;
suppose that n tunnel sections need to be automatically monitored and measured at present, and the n tunnel sections are respectively recorded as: a 1 st tunnel section, a 2 nd tunnel section, an nth tunnel section;
then: for any ith monitoring and measuring unit, wherein i is 1,2, n, the laser emission direction of an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is adjusted, so that laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module is emitted to the vault position of the ith tunnel section; initially, the arch position of the ith tunnel section is position a, and therefore, the straight-line distance L from position B to position a can be measuredBA(ii) a Measuring an upward inclination angle & lt & gt of oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through an oblique laser deviation angle sensor; wherein the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt is an included angle between oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module and the X-axis direction;
adjusting the horizontal laser emitting direction of a horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit to enable horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module to horizontally emit to the arch waist position opposite to the section of the ith tunnel; initially, the arch position of the i-th tunnel cross section opposite to the arch position is set as a position C, and therefore, a straight-line distance L from the position B to the position C can be measuredBC(ii) a Measuring a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through a horizontal laser deviation angle sensor; wherein, the horizontal deviation angle alpha refers to the emission of a horizontal laser ranging moduleThe included angle between the horizontal laser and the Y-axis direction;
therefore, the corresponding relation between each monitoring and measuring unit and the corresponding tunnel section is realized;
step 4, the main control unit sets the initial monitoring measurement parameters, including: monitoring the measurement frequency;
step 5, maintaining the installation posture of the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel unchanged, namely: keeping the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt of the oblique laser ranging module and the horizontal deviation angle & ltalpha & gt of the horizontal laser ranging module of each monitoring and measuring unit constant;
the main control unit controls n monitoring measurement units to synchronously monitor and measure according to the set monitoring measurement frequency, and records the measurement data returned by each monitoring measurement unit in real time, specifically, when the monitoring measurement time is reached, the following data are collected for any ith monitoring measurement unit:
the slant laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BA’(ii) a Where position a' is the dome position at the present moment, i.e.: a new vault position is formed after the vault sinks; distance LBA’Is the straight-line distance from position B to position a' at the current time t 1;
the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BC’(ii) a Where the position C' is the current time archway position, i.e.: the position of the arch waist after the displacement of the periphery of the tunnel; distance LBC’Is the linear distance from position B to position C' at the current time t 1;
thus, the master control unit will time t1, distance LBA’And a distance LBC’Storing the data into a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit;
the continuous advance of the tunnel monitoring time, the distance L is stored in the data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unitBA’And a distance LBC’A time series of (a);
for the steps 2 to 5, taking the three-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument to monitor three tunnel sections simultaneously as an example, an embodiment is listed:
under the default condition, the main control unit controls 3 monitoring and measuring units at the frequency of every 5 minutes/time, each monitoring and measuring unit simultaneously emits two paths of distance measuring lasers, wherein one path of distance measuring lasers obliquely emits to the arch crown position corresponding to the monitoring section, and the other path of distance measuring lasers horizontally emits to the arch waist position corresponding to the monitoring section.
The automatic monitoring measuring instrument for the three-section tunnel integrates a horizontal laser deviation angle sensor and an oblique laser deviation angle sensor for each monitoring measuring unit. Therefore, the deflection angle of the horizontal laser can be acquired through the horizontal laser deflection angle sensor; the inclined laser tilt-up angle can be acquired through the inclined laser deviation angle sensor.
After the three-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument is installed and debugged, the three-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument formed by the 3 monitoring measuring units is fixed by the locking device, so that the aim that the deviation angle of the six laser directions cannot be changed is fulfilled.
And (3) each monitored section utilizes the acquired two-path laser distance data and two-path laser angle data (as shown in the following table 1) to obtain vault subsidence and peripheral displacement values of the monitored tunnel section through data analysis.
TABLE 1 acquisition data corresponding to each monitoring section
| Item under test | Numerical value | Remarks for note |
| Vault subsidence ranging | L | Oblique distance measurement laser distance value |
| Peripheral positionMoving and distance measuring device | L | Horizontal ranging laser distance value |
| Horizontal laser deflection angle | α | Horizontal laser deflection angle value |
| Oblique laser deflection angle | β | Deviation angle value of oblique laser |
Step 6, when the tunnel automatic monitoring measurement is finished, the main control unit obtains the vault sinking change curve and the peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section in the following modes:
step 6.1, for any ith tunnel section, the main control unit reads a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit to obtain the distance LBA’A time-varying sequence of (a);
step 6.2, for each time t1, referring to fig. 3, obtaining the vault sag Δ H at time t1 in the following manner:
1) read initial time vault to monitoring measurand mounting point's linear distance, promptly: reading the linear distance L from the position B to the position ABA(ii) a Reading an upward inclination angle beta of oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) according to the sine theorem of a triangle, the following formula is adopted to obtain an initial vertical distance value H from the vault to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument1：
H1＝LBA*sin∠β........................(1)
3) Along with the sinking of the tunnel vault, the tunnel forms a new surrounding rock radian and the vault sinks, the sinking position is expressed as a position A', and the upward inclination angle of the oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, so that the vertical distance value from the vault corresponding to the moment t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring and measuring instrument is obtained by adopting the following formula:
H2＝LBA′*sin∠β................................(2)
wherein: l isBA' is a linear distance value from the vault corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the dome depression Δ H at time t1 is obtained using the following formula:
ΔH＝H1-H2＝(LBA-LBA′)*sin∠β......(3)
step 6.3, for each time t1, referring to fig. 4, obtaining the tunnel peripheral displacement value Δ L at time t1 in the following manner:
1) read initial time hunch waist to monitor the linear distance of surveying appearance mounting point, promptly: reading the linear distance L from the position B to the position CBC(ii) a Reading a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) calculating the initial value L of the section width of the ith tunnel by adopting the following formula3：
L3＝LBC*sin∠α................................(4)
3) Along with the displacement of the tunnel periphery, the horizontal direction laser ranging distance changes, and if the position is changed from C to C', the horizontal deviation angle ≈ alpha of the horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, so the width value after convergence of the ith tunnel section periphery corresponding to the time t1 is obtained by adopting the following formula:
L1＝LBC’*sin∠α..................................(5)
wherein: l isBC’The straight line distance value from the arch waist corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the tunnel peripheral displacement value Δ L at time t1 is obtained by the following equation:
ΔL＝L3-L4＝(LBC-LBC’)*sin∠α........................(6)
step 6.4, obtaining a time sequence of vault subsidence delta H through the step 6.2; representing the vault subsidence delta H into a coordinate system by taking time as an abscissa and vault subsidence delta H as an ordinate, and obtaining a vault subsidence change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode;
through the step 6.3, a time sequence of the displacement value delta L around the tunnel is obtained; representing the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel into a coordinate system by taking time as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel as an ordinate, and obtaining a peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode; and further realizing the real-time monitoring and measuring of the tunnel section to be monitored and measured.
The invention provides an automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel, which is a method for measuring vault subsidence and peripheral displacement in real time, and has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can monitor and measure a plurality of tunnel sections simultaneously, and the number of the monitored sections has expansibility;
2. compared with the traditional monitoring means, the method provided by the invention is more efficient. Due to the fact that the tunnel field environment is complex, the safety of monitoring personnel and other factors are considered, the method can reduce the frequency of the monitoring personnel entering and exiting the tunnel, and therefore the method plays a role in guaranteeing the safety of the monitoring personnel.
3. Compared with the traditional monitoring and measuring method, the method has high data acquisition frequency, can reflect the actual conditions of vault subsidence and peripheral displacement more accurately through mass data analysis, and realizes efficient monitoring on the tunnel.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements should also be considered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An automatic monitoring and measuring method for a multi-section tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, the multi-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument comprises n monitoring measuring units and a main control unit; the main control unit is respectively connected with each monitoring measuring unit; each monitoring and measuring unit comprises a horizontal laser ranging module, an oblique laser ranging module, a horizontal laser deflection angle sensor and an oblique laser deflection angle sensor; wherein, n monitor measurement units are respectively recorded as: the system comprises a 1 st monitoring and measuring unit, a 2 nd monitoring and measuring unit, a.
Step 2, fixedly installing the multi-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument on a primary support at one side of a monitored measuring tunnel, and installing the multi-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument at the arch waist position at one side of the tunnel; recording the installation position of the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel as a position B;
step 3, carrying out initial installation and debugging on the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel, wherein the debugging method comprises the following steps:
the cross section of the tunnel is a horizontal plane, and an XY coordinate system is established on the cross section of the tunnel by taking the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as the Y-axis direction and the transverse direction of the tunnel as the X-axis direction;
suppose that n tunnel sections need to be automatically monitored and measured at present, and the n tunnel sections are respectively recorded as: a 1 st tunnel section, a 2 nd tunnel section, an nth tunnel section;
then: for any ith monitoring and measuring unit, wherein i is 1,2, n, the laser emission direction of an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is adjusted, so that laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module is emitted to the vault position of the ith tunnel section; initially, the arch position of the ith tunnel section is position a, and therefore, the straight-line distance L from position B to position a can be measuredBA(ii) a Measuring an upward inclination angle & lt & gt of oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through an oblique laser deviation angle sensor; wherein the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt is an included angle between oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module and the X-axis direction;
adjusting the ith monitor measuring unitThe laser horizontal emission direction of the horizontal laser ranging module enables horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module to horizontally emit to the arch waist position opposite to the ith tunnel section; initially, the arch position of the i-th tunnel cross section opposite to the arch position is set as a position C, and therefore, a straight-line distance L from the position B to the position C can be measuredBC(ii) a Measuring a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit through a horizontal laser deviation angle sensor; wherein, the horizontal deviation angle alpha is the included angle between the horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module and the Y-axis direction;
therefore, the corresponding relation between each monitoring and measuring unit and the corresponding tunnel section is realized;
step 4, the main control unit sets the initial monitoring measurement parameters, including: monitoring the measurement frequency;
step 5, maintaining the installation posture of the automatic monitoring measuring instrument of the multi-section tunnel unchanged, namely: keeping the upward inclination angle & ltbeta & gt of the oblique laser ranging module and the horizontal deviation angle & ltalpha & gt of the horizontal laser ranging module of each monitoring and measuring unit constant;
the main control unit controls n monitoring measurement units to synchronously monitor and measure according to the set monitoring measurement frequency, and records the measurement data returned by each monitoring measurement unit in real time, specifically, when the monitoring measurement time is reached, the following data are collected for any ith monitoring measurement unit:
the slant laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BA’(ii) a Where position a' is the dome position at the present time, i.e.: a new vault position is formed after the vault sinks; distance LBA’Is the straight-line distance from position B to position a' at the current time t 1;
the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit measures the distance L corresponding to the current time t1BC’(ii) a Where the position C' is the current time archway position, i.e.: the position of the arch waist after the displacement of the periphery of the tunnel; distance LBC’Is the straight-line distance from position B to position C' at the current time t 1;
thus, the master control unit will time of dayt1, distance LBA’And a distance LBC’Storing the data into a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit;
the continuous advance of the tunnel monitoring time, the distance L is stored in the data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unitBA’And a distance LBC’A time series of (a);
when the automatic monitoring measuring instrument for the three-section tunnel simultaneously monitors three tunnel sections:
under the default condition, the main control unit controls 3 monitoring and measuring units at the frequency of every 5 minutes/time, each monitoring and measuring unit simultaneously emits two paths of distance measuring lasers, wherein one path of distance measuring lasers obliquely emits to the arch crown position corresponding to the monitoring section, and the other path of distance measuring lasers horizontally emits to the arch waist position corresponding to the monitoring section;
the automatic monitoring and measuring instrument for the three-section tunnel integrates a horizontal laser deviation angle sensor and an oblique laser deviation angle sensor for each monitoring and measuring unit; therefore, the deflection angle of the horizontal laser can be acquired through the horizontal laser deflection angle sensor; the inclined laser tilt-up angle can be acquired through the inclined laser deflection angle sensor;
after the three-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument is installed and debugged, the three-section tunnel automatic monitoring measuring instrument formed by the 3 monitoring measuring units is fixed by using the locking device, so that the aim that the deviation angle of six laser directions cannot be changed is fulfilled;
each monitored section utilizes the two paths of acquired laser distance data and the two paths of acquired laser angle data to obtain vault sinking and peripheral displacement values of the monitored tunnel section through data analysis;
and 6, when the tunnel automatic monitoring measurement is finished, obtaining a vault subsidence change curve and a peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by the main control unit in the following modes:
step 6.1, for any ith tunnel section, the main control unit reads a data record table corresponding to the ith monitoring and measuring unit to obtain the distance LBA’A time-varying sequence of (a);
step 6.2, for each time t1, obtaining the vault depression Δ H at the time t1 by the following method:
1) read initial time vault to monitoring measurand mounting point's linear distance, promptly: reading the linear distance L from the position B to the position ABA(ii) a Reading an upward inclination angle beta of an oblique laser emitted by an oblique laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) according to the sine theorem of triangle, the initial vertical distance value H from vault to the installation point of monitoring measuring instrument is obtained by adopting the following formula1：
H1＝LBA*sin∠β………………………(1)
3) Along with the sinking of the tunnel vault, the tunnel forms a new surrounding rock radian and the vault sinks, the sinking position is expressed as a position A', and the upward inclination angle of the oblique laser emitted by the oblique laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, so that the vertical distance value from the vault corresponding to the moment t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring and measuring instrument is obtained by adopting the following formula:
H2＝LBA′*sin∠β……………………………(2)
wherein: l isBA′The linear distance value from the vault corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the dome subsidence Δ H at time t1 is obtained using the following formula:
△H＝H1-H2＝(LBA-LBA′)*sin∠β……(3)
step 6.3, for each time t1, obtaining the tunnel peripheral displacement value Δ L at the time t1 by the following method:
1) read initial time hunch waist to monitor the linear distance of surveying appearance mounting point, promptly: reading the linear distance L from the position B to the position CBC(ii) a Reading a horizontal deviation angle alpha of horizontal laser emitted by a horizontal laser ranging module of an ith monitoring and measuring unit;
2) calculating the initial value L of the section width of the ith tunnel by adopting the following formula3：
L3＝LBC*sin∠α……………………………(4)
3) Along with the displacement of the periphery of the tunnel, the laser ranging distance in the horizontal direction changes, and assuming that the position C is changed into C', because the horizontal deviation angle ≈ alpha of the horizontal laser emitted by the horizontal laser ranging module of the ith monitoring and measuring unit is fixed and unchanged, the width value after convergence of the periphery of the ith tunnel section corresponding to the time t1 is obtained by adopting the following formula:
L4＝LBC’*sin∠α……………………………(5)
wherein: l isBC’The straight line distance value from the arch waist corresponding to the time t1 to the mounting point of the monitoring measuring instrument;
4) the tunnel peripheral displacement value DeltaL at the time t1 is obtained by the following formula:
△L＝L3-L4＝(LBC-LBC’)*sin∠α……………………(6)
step 6.4, obtaining a time sequence of vault subsidence quantity delta H through the step 6.2; with time as an abscissa and vault subsidence quantity delta H as an ordinate, expressing the vault subsidence quantity delta H into a coordinate system, and obtaining a vault subsidence change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode;
obtaining a time sequence of the displacement value delta L around the tunnel through the step 6.3; representing the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel into a coordinate system by taking time as an abscissa and the peripheral displacement value delta L of each tunnel as an ordinate, and obtaining a peripheral displacement data change curve corresponding to each tunnel section by adopting a curve fitting mode; and further realizing the real-time monitoring and measuring of the tunnel section to be monitored and measured.
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Effective date of registration: 20230524 Address after: 3rd Floor, Building B, No. 89 Shuntong Avenue, Economic Development Zone, Kunming Area, Kunming Free Trade Pilot Zone, Yunnan Province, 650214 Patentee after: Yunnan Aviation Inspection Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 650217 9th floor, block B, No.89, Shuntong Avenue, Kunming Economic Development Zone, Kunming pilot Free Trade Zone, Yunnan Province Patentee before: YUNNAN AEROSPACE ENGINEERING GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY INSPECTION Co.,Ltd. |