CN111906322A - 一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
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Abstract
本发明提供一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,具体该制备方法包括冶炼、精炼、雾化烘干和高温还原步骤,本发明以普碳钢废钢、生铁为原料,进过冶炼、精炼过程,结合高温还原工艺,对粉末的成分进行不断调整,经水雾化得到的铁粉,其组分为:Fe≥98.50%,C≤0.30%,S≤0.030%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%,HL≤0.25%,从性能上来看,松装密度:2.60‑2.80 g/cm3,压缩性(500MPa)≥6.70 g/cm3,+100目≤5.0%,‑200目:50.0‑60.0%,松装密度低,铁粉纯度较高,成型性好,适用于粉末冶金零件的生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金粉末技术领域,具体涉及一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法。
背景技术
雾化铁粉是利用高压气流或水流、离心力或真空减压等工艺,将熔融金属液流粉碎成液滴,冷凝后形成的金属粉末。水雾化铁粉则是采用了高压水流的工艺形成的金属粉末。雾化粉末成球率高、松装密度大,压缩性能好,但是成形性差,通常100目铁粉松装密度基本在2.90-3.15g/cm3。
目前国内低松装密度铁粉主要为还原铁粉,松装密度在1.90-2.80 g/cm3不等,还原铁粉主要采用氧化铁鳞为原材料,通过隧道窑一次还原和还原炉二次还原获得,但是氧化铁鳞主要是轧钢线轧钢剥落的氧化铁皮,根据轧钢产品的不同,还原铁粉中化学成分差异较大,铁粉纯度不高;另外,轧钢类型也直接影响到还原铁粉的松装密度,还原铁粉可使用的原材料十分受限,使得还原铁粉化学杂质成分及松装密度超标成为棘手问题。
通过有效调节雾化参数,降低原材料松装密度,结合精还原破碎参数调整,使制备低松装密度雾化铁粉成为可能。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题,对现有生产工艺进行进一步优化,本发明提供一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,以普碳钢废钢、生铁为原料,以实现降低松装密度、提高铁粉纯度、适用于粉末冶金零件生产的发明目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法,包括冶炼、精炼、雾化烘干和高温还原步骤;
所述冶炼,普碳钢的废钢和生铁的混合重量比为3-4:1-2;
所述废钢,成分为:Si≤0.20%,Mn≤1.50%,P≤0.04%,S≤0.04%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo≤0.20%;
所述生铁,成分为:C≥3.50%,Si:0.45-0.85%,Mn:0.40-1.00%,P:0.10-0.15%,S≤0.07%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo≤0.20%;
所述冶炼,以0.10%≤C≤0.50%作为出钢终点;冶炼后钢水中的化学成分,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%;
所述精炼,包括添加脱氧剂和增碳剂,所述脱氧剂,是碳化硅或者焦碳粉,粒度1.0-2.0mm,水份<0.5%;
所述增碳剂,是焦碳粉,其中:C≥90%,S≤0.3%,粒度0-3mm,水份≤1.0%;
所述精炼,从精炼开始到变白渣时间≤15min,保持白渣时间≥10min;出钢温度为1620-1670℃;
所述精炼,精炼完成要求钢样成分:C:0.10-0.50%,S≤0.040%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%;
所述雾化烘干,水压力:10-13MPa,水流量:350-500Nm3/h,雾化桶水温:50-70℃;
所述雾化烘干,高压雾化使用环缝形喷嘴,喷射夹角为45-50°,所用中间包漏眼直径为:18-24mm;
所述雾化烘干,采用湿式磁选机和橡胶带式水平过滤机进行脱水处理;
完成雾化烘干,得到初级粉末,所述初级粉末的成分,包括:C:0.10-0.50%,S≤0.040%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%,HL≤1.80%,松装密度:2.70-2.90 g/cm3,-200≥40-60%;
所述高温还原,共经历预热段、还原段和冷却段三个阶段,预热段温度:700-800℃,还原段温度:800-965℃,冷却段温度:700-800℃;
所述高温还原,采用7000-10000t带式还原炉进行高温还原处理,具体工艺条件为:带速:160-180mm/min,料厚:25-27mm,氢气流量:50-60Nm3/h;
所制得的低松装密度水雾化铁粉,其性能指标为:Fe≥98.50%,C≤0.30%,S≤0.030%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%,HL≤0.25%,松装密度:2.60-2.80 g/cm3,压缩性(500MPa)≥6.70 g/cm3,+100目≤5.0%,-200目:50.0-60.0%。
采用上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果为:
1、采用该生产工艺的制备方法,可有效降低目前水雾化铁粉松装密度到2.60-2.80 g/cm3的低松装密度水雾化铁粉,替代市面上此松装密度范围的还原铁粉。
2、采用该生产工艺的制备方法,可通过冶炼去除杂质成分降低各类元素含量,较还原铁粉原料更稳定、更可控,硅可降至0.12%以内,锰可降至0.35%,磷含量降低至0.02%以内。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体的实例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
所述低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,具体实施步骤包括:
(1)冶炼
以普碳钢的废钢和炼钢生铁为原料,按比例混合后,分两次加入EBT电炉,第二次加入时,在料罐底部按50kg/t量配加石灰,升温进行冶炼,快速出钢防止氧化渣流入钢包,出钢温度1665℃;
所述废钢的成分:Si:0.20%,Mn:1.20%,P:0.02%,S:0.04%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo:0.15%;
所述生铁的成分:C:3.60%,Si:0.45%,Mn:0.55%,P:0.12%,S:0.06%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo:0.20%;
废钢和生铁的混合重量比为3:2;
所述出钢钢液,成分包括C:0.35%,Si:0.03%,Mn:0.21%,P:0.013%;
(2)精炼
将钢包运至LF炉工位的钢包车上,调整氩气为0.25MPa,开始通电后,按少量多批的原则将脱氧剂投入钢包顶渣中进行扩散脱氧,后期按2.5kg/吨比例加入钢增碳剂,精炼快速变白渣,从精炼开始到变白渣时间15min,白渣精炼时间15分钟,钢水提温至1660℃,出钢;
所述精炼后的钢液,成分包括C:0.38%,Si:0.03%,Mn:0.22%,P:0.014%,S:0.023%;
所述脱氧剂,是碳化硅或者焦碳粉,粒度1.0-2.0mm,水份0.4%
所述增碳剂,是焦碳粉,其中:C:92%,S:0.3%,粒度0-3mm,水份:0.80%;
(3)雾化烘干
精炼出钢后,使用环缝形喷嘴开始雾化,雾化粉末经湿式磁选机和橡胶带式水平过滤机脱水处理,天然气间接烘干、筛分制得初级粉末;
所述雾化,喷射夹角为48°,喷嘴前水压力:11MPa,所用中间包漏眼直径为:18mm,水流量:380Nm3/h,雾化桶水温:58℃,雾化时间:62min,
所述初级粉末,检测指标包括: C:0.38%,S:0.023%,Si:0.03%,Mn:0.22%,P:0.014%,同时,初级粉末的HL:1.65%,松装密度:2.76g/cm3,+80目:6.0%,-200目:46.1%;
(4)高温还原
将初级粉末在7000t带式还原炉进行高温还原退火处理,其中带速:175mm/min,料厚:30mm,氢气流量:90Nm3/h,温度750-960℃,高温点960℃;还原后的粉末经过破碎筛分后过100目筛,得到成品粉;
所述高温还原共经历预热段、还原段和冷却段三个阶段,预热段温度:700-800℃,还原段温度:800-960℃,冷却段温度:700-800℃;
所述成品粉,组分包括:Fe:98.76%,C:0.009%,S:0.012%,Si:0.04%,Mn:0.22%,P:0.015%,HL:0.11%,松装密度:2.75g/cm3,600MPa压缩性:7.16g/cm3,+100目:2.7%,-200目:50.4%。
实施例2
所述低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,具体实施步骤包括:
(1)冶炼
以普碳钢的废钢和炼钢生铁为原料,按比例混合后,分两次加入EBT电炉,第二次加入时,在料罐底部按70kg/t配加石灰,升温进行冶炼,快速出钢防止氧化渣流入钢包,出钢温度1667℃;
所述废钢的成分:Si:0.16%,Mn:1.35%,P:0.04%,S:0.03%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo: 0.20%;
生铁的成分:C:3.50%,Si:0.80%,Mn:0.43%,P:0.13%,S:0.07%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo:0.14%;
废钢和生铁的混合重量比4:3;
所述出钢钢液,成分包括:C:0.29%,Si:0.04%,Mn:0.19%,P:0.015%;
(2)精炼
将钢包运至LF炉工位的钢包车上,调整氩气为0.40MPa,开始通电后,按少量多批的原则将脱氧剂投入钢包顶渣中进行扩散脱氧,后期按4.0kg/吨比例加入钢增碳剂,精炼快速变白渣,从精炼开始到变白渣时间10min,白渣精炼时间20分钟,钢水提温至1662℃,出钢;
钢液,成分包括C:0.31%,Si:0.05%,Mn:0.19%,P:0.016%,S:0.018%;
所述脱氧剂,是碳化硅或者焦碳粉,粒度1.0-2.0mm,水份0.4%
所述增碳剂,是焦碳粉,其中:C:93%,S:0.2%,粒度0-3mm,水份:0.85%;
(3)雾化烘干
精炼出钢后,使用环缝形喷嘴开始雾化,雾化粉末经湿式磁选机和橡胶带式水平过滤机脱水处理,天然气间接烘干、筛分制得初级粉末;
所述雾化,喷射夹角为48°,喷嘴前水压力:11MPa,所用中间包漏眼直径为:18mm,水流量:380Nm3/h,雾化桶水温:60℃,雾化时间:60min,
所述初级粉末,检测指标包括:C:0.32%,S:0.020%,Si:0.05%,Mn:0.20%,P:0.016%,HL:1.41%,松装密度:2.78g/cm3,+80目:3.5%,-200目:51.2%;
(4)高温还原
将初级粉末在10000t带式还原炉进行高温还原退火,其中带速:180mm/min,料厚:28mm,氢气流量:100Nm3/h,温度770-965℃,高温点965℃,还原后的粉末经过破碎筛分后过100目筛,得到成品粉;
所述高温还原共经历预热段、还原段和冷却段三个阶段,预热段温度:700-800℃,还原段温度:800-965℃,冷却段温度:700-800℃;
所述成品粉,组分包括:Fe:98.87%,C:0.007%,S:0.010%,Si:0.05%,Mn:0.21%,P:0.016%,HL:0.13%,松装密度:2.75g/cm3,600MPa压缩性:7.15g/cm3,+100目:3.5%,-200目:54.0%。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种低松装密度水雾化铁粉的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法,包括冶炼、精炼、雾化烘干和高温还原步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冶炼,废钢和生铁的混合重量比为3-4:1-2;所述冶炼,以0.10%≤C≤0.50%作为出钢终点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述废钢,成分为:Si≤0.20%,Mn≤1.50%,P≤0.04%,S≤0.04%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo≤0.20%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述生铁,成分为:C≥3.50%,Si:0.45-0.85%,Mn:0.40-1.00%,P:0.10-0.15%,S≤0.07%,Cr+Ni+Cu+Mo≤0.20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述精炼,包括添加脱氧剂和增碳剂,所述脱氧剂,是碳化硅或者焦碳粉,粒度1.0-2.0mm,水份<0.5%;
所述增碳剂,是焦碳粉,其中:C≥90%,S≤0.3%,粒度0-3mm,水份≤1.0%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述精炼,精炼完成要求钢样成分:C:0.10-0.50%,S≤0.040%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述雾化烘干,水压力:10-13MPa,水流量:350-500Nm3/h,雾化桶水温:50-70℃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述雾化烘干,高压雾化使用环缝形喷嘴,喷射夹角为45-50°,所用中间包漏眼直径为:18-24mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高温还原,共经历预热段、还原段和冷却段三个阶段,预热段温度:700-800℃,还原段温度:800-965℃,冷却段温度:700-800℃。
10.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所制得的低松装密度水雾化铁粉,其性能指标为:Fe≥98.50%,C≤0.30%,S≤0.030%,Si≤0.12%,Mn≤0.35%,P≤0.020%,HL≤0.25%,松装密度:2.60-2.80 g/cm3,压缩性(500MPa)≥6.70 g/cm3,+100目≤5.0%,-200目:50.0-60.0%。
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