CN111893943A - Semi-submersible type layered erosion-proof silt-promoting device - Google Patents
Semi-submersible type layered erosion-proof silt-promoting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111893943A CN111893943A CN202010770368.1A CN202010770368A CN111893943A CN 111893943 A CN111893943 A CN 111893943A CN 202010770368 A CN202010770368 A CN 202010770368A CN 111893943 A CN111893943 A CN 111893943A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
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- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 claims description 8
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000004928 Paspalum scrobiculatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003675 Paspalum scrobiculatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a semi-submersible layered erosion-proof silt-promoting device which comprises a plurality of floating body units, wherein the floating body units are of a layered structure, the upper layer is a flexible simulation plant, the middle layer is a suspension block body, the lower layer is a silt-promoting flow-slowing plate, the floating body units are connected into a whole through flexible ropes, and the device is anchored on a riverbed through a light anchor chain. The device utilizes middle level suspension block to suspend in the water, utilizes flexible emulation plant in upper strata and the lower floor to promote silt unhurried current board synergism, changes the near river course water flow structure of device, all has the effect of subducing the kinetic energy to suspended load and bed load in the water, reaches the purpose of the static deposit of silt in specific area. The device stable in structure is reasonable, the scour protection promotes the silt effect and is showing, little, economic indicator height, installation, maintenance and the spatial position adjustment of river course flood discharge influence. Meanwhile, the device is beneficial to improving the water environment around the device and improving the biological diversity of the water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river regulation engineering, in particular to a semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device.
Background
Under natural conditions, river channels are washed by water flow for a long time, so that river bank embankment feet, underwater bank slopes and river bottoms are seriously eroded and damaged, river channel erosion and silt imbalance are caused, and even river bank collapse and bank burst, bridge collapse, hydraulic buildings are damaged and the like are caused in serious cases. Especially, in recent years, with the construction of hub engineering of river channels, the scouring of the river reach at the downstream of the dam is intensified. Taking the Yangtze river as an example, after the water storage of the three gorges reservoir is applied, the amount of sand coming from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is greatly reduced, the general scouring of the river bed is caused, the collapse of the river bank, the washout of the shoal, the adjustment of the structure of the beach groove, the change of the channel and the frequent occurrence of shoals are caused, the smoothness of the channel is influenced, and the flood control safety and the life and property safety of people in the Yangtze river are seriously threatened. Therefore, the research on the river channel erosion prevention and silt promotion technology has important theoretical and practical significance.
The main purpose of scour prevention and siltation promotion is to slow down or form backflow of water flow velocity by changing the dynamic conditions of wave, water flow and sediment movement, so that sediment falls into siltation to be higher than a bed surface, thereby playing the roles of protecting a beach surface and reducing foundations of various hydraulic structures from being scoured by water flow.
The traditional erosion-proof and siltation-promoting technical method is mainly divided into an entity impervious type and an ecological type according to the type of a structure. The solid impervious erosion-preventing and silt-promoting technology mainly comprises riprap, spur dikes, dam-crossing, mattress sinking, concrete film bags and the like, is an erosion-preventing and silt-promoting structural form widely applied to engineering in China at present, and has the following defects: 1) the problems of water flow impact, river bottom foundation settlement, sand loss and the like are solved all the year round, so that the structure is easily damaged and even collapsed. 2) In the high water level period, the erosion-proof and siltation-promoting effect is obviously weakened. 3) Reduce local water passing area, influence the flood discharge ability in river course. 4) The natural state of the river bottom is changed, and the ecological environment near the engineering is destroyed. 5) A large amount of stones or other building materials are needed, the construction difficulty is high, and the construction cost is high; the ecological scour-preventing silt-promoting technology is to plant mangrove forest, rice grass and other large aquatic plants in the bottom of shoal or shallow water and to use the developed rhizome to block water flow and silt. Because the ecological scour prevention and silt promotion technology focuses on environmental protection, the ecological scour prevention and silt promotion technology is popular in various countries in the world, particularly developed countries, but from the practical situation, some inherent defects of the ecological scour prevention and silt promotion technology are also exposed: 1) the application range is smaller, the device is generally used for shoals and shallow water areas, and the device is not suitable for river channel middle areas with large water depth and high flow speed. 2) The aquatic plants have seasonal anti-scour and siltation promotion effects, and the growing environment has regional specificity. 3) The plant root system is developed, the growth range of the plant cannot be controlled manually, and the water channel is easy to block.
The vegetation plays an important role in the water ecosystem, can purify water quality, provides a good living environment for aquatic animals, plants and microorganisms, and is also the basis for maintaining the water ecosystem and the variety of the species thereof. Compared with rigid plants, the flexible plants have the important functions of purifying water bodies, providing habitats for organisms, breeding places and the like, and also have better silt-promoting and flow-slowing capacity.
Therefore, how to design a stable in structure reasonable scour protection and promote silt device, ensure that it has good scour protection and promote silt effect, solve simultaneously among the current scour protection and promote silt technique that the structure easily receives the damage, the flood resistance is big, the suitability receives defects such as restriction, the construction is complicated, engineering cost height to and reduce the ecological environment destruction problem near the engineering region, be the technological problem that technical staff in the field need to solve urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device, which ensures that the device has good erosion-prevention and silt-promotion effects, and simultaneously solves the problems that in the existing erosion-prevention and silt-promotion technology, a structure is easy to damage, flood resistance is large, applicability is limited, construction is complex, construction cost is high and the like, and reduces damage to the ecological environment near a project area.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device comprises a plurality of floating body units which are suspended in water, connected into a whole through flexible ropes and anchored to a riverbed through light anchor chains;
the floating body unit adopts a layered structure, wherein the upper layer is a flexible simulation plant and is used for generating energy loss on the middle and upper water bodies of the river so as to realize silting and deposition of suspended substances in the water bodies; the middle layer is a suspension block body which is used for suspending in water; the lower layer is a silt-promoting flow-slowing plate and is used for generating energy loss on the water body of the middle and lower layers of the river flow and realizing static deposition of bed load;
the upper part of the suspension block body is provided with cylindrical holes which are used for fixing the flexible simulation plants and are arranged in a staggered way, the lower part of the suspension block body is provided with a groove which is used for installing the silt promoting and flow slowing plate and is in an inverted triangle shape, and the upstream surface and the side surface are provided with metal buckles used for the flexible ropes and the light anchor chain mooring ropes;
the implementation steps comprise:
firstly, selecting a plurality of flexible simulation plants, binding the stems at the lower parts of the flexible simulation plants into a whole, extending the flexible simulation plants into cylindrical holes which are arranged in a staggered manner at the upper parts of suspension blocks which are prefabricated and molded in a factory, and then injecting a viscous environment-friendly material for fixing;
secondly, after the flexible simulation plants are firmly connected with the suspension block body, sequentially installing the silt promoting and flow slowing plates in the grooves at the lower part of the suspension block body according to the increasing length sequence, and performing a small-amplitude swing test on the silt promoting and flow slowing plates;
thirdly, connecting and stabilizing the metal buckles on the side surfaces of the floating block bodies by using flexible ropes to connect all the floating body units into a whole;
and fourthly, placing the device at a specified position in a hoisting mode, anchoring the device on a riverbed by using a light anchor chain, adjusting the height of the device in water, and finishing installation.
Optionally, each floating body unit is provided with a plurality of silt-promoting flow-slowing plates, the silt-promoting flow-slowing plates are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction, and the height of each silt-promoting flow-slowing plate is increased by 0.5-1 time in sequence.
Furthermore, the upper end of the silt promoting and flow retarding plate is provided with a connecting part matched with the groove in shape.
Furthermore, energy dissipation holes are formed in the silt promoting and flow slowing plates below the connecting parts, and the energy dissipation holes in the adjacent silt promoting and flow slowing plates are arranged in a staggered mode at intervals along the water flow direction.
Therefore, the semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device at least has the following effects:
1. compared with the condition that most of traditional low-water renovation buildings only intercept bed load, the device provided by the invention suspends in the river water body, the upper layer flexible simulation plant model of the device can generate energy loss on the middle and upper layer water body of the river, and is beneficial to sedimentation and silting of the suspended matter in the water body, the lower layer siltation-promoting and flow-slowing plate can generate energy loss on the middle and lower layer bed load and the lower layer high sand-containing water flow of the river, meanwhile, the back flow of a certain range is formed behind the device by adjusting the height of the siltation-promoting and flow-slowing plate, the purpose of static sedimentation of the sand in a specific area is achieved, and the anti-scour siltation-promoting effect is obvious.
2. The upper layer and the lower layer of the device are both permeable structures, the influence on river flood discharge is small, and the placement position, the number of floating body units and the suspension height in a water body can be reasonably selected according to the specific situation of the beach for preventing scour and promoting siltation.
3. The flexible simulation plants on the upper layer of the device can provide attachment and inhabitation places for nearby aquatic animals, can improve the surrounding water body environment, and is of a floating structure, thereby being beneficial to the survival of the benthonic animals and the water body exchange nearby the device.
4. The device has the advantages of stable and reasonable structure, simple manufacture, convenient construction and later maintenance and high economic index.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the device of the present invention applied to a river;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the floating body unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the suspension block of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a front view of the floating body unit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a front view of the silt promoting and flow slowing plate of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a flexible simulation plant; 2. a suspension block; 3. a silt-promoting flow-slowing plate; 4. a metal ring buckle; 5. light anchor chain: 6. a flexible cord; 7. a cylindrical bore; 8. a groove; 9. and (4) energy dissipation holes.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
Detailed Description
Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. In the referenced drawings, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.
The semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention is composed of a plurality of floating body units as shown in fig. 1-5, wherein the floating body units adopt a layered structure, the upper layer is a flexible simulation plant 1, the middle layer is a suspension block body 2, and the lower layer is a silt-promotion flow-slowing plate 3.
As shown in figure 1, the device of the invention is composed of a plurality of floating body units, the floating body units are transversely arranged by adopting vertical water flow and are placed at the upstream side of the edge beach needing scour prevention and siltation promotion, so that the device covers the edge beach in the transverse direction of a river channel, the siltation height and the siltation width of the edge beach are promoted, and meanwhile, the narrow navigation channel is restrained, the flow velocity in the navigation channel is increased, and the scouring effect of the channel shoals is strengthened. Particularly, the device can reasonably select the placement position, the number of floating body units and the suspension height in the water body according to the specific situation of the beach, so as to achieve the ideal engineering effect.
As shown in fig. 3, the suspension block 2 of the present invention is made of a novel material having good toughness, a certain deformability, and a density less than that of water. The upper part of the suspension block body 2 is provided with cylinder holes 7 in a staggered way for fixing the flexible simulation plant 1. Under the premise that the plant distribution density is the same, compared with staggered distribution and non-staggered distribution, the contact area of the flexible plants and the water body is increased, and the effects of scour prevention and silt promotion of the device are improved. The stems and leaves of the flexible simulation plants 1 are made of tough polyethylene materials, a plurality of stems at the lower parts of the flexible simulation plants 1 are selected and bound into a whole, the stems extend into the cylindrical hole 7 at the upper part of the suspension block body 2, and then the stems and leaves are filled with viscous environment-friendly materials for fixation. The lower part of the suspension block body 2 is provided with an inverted triangular groove 8, the upper part of the silt accelerating and slowing flow plate 3 can be arranged in the groove 8 in a mode of applying external force, and when the silt accelerating and slowing flow plate 3 needs to be maintained or replaced in the later period, the silt accelerating and slowing flow plate can be taken out of the groove 8 in a mode of applying external force.
As shown in figures 4 and 5, each floating body unit of the invention is provided with a plurality of silt promoting and flow reducing plates 3, and the silt promoting and flow reducing plates 3 are made of novel environment-friendly materials, have the density similar to that of water and can be suspended in a water body. The silt promoting and flow slowing plates 3 are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction, and the height of each silt promoting and flow slowing plate is increased by 0.5-1 time in sequence. Energy dissipation holes 9 are formed in the silt promoting and flow slowing plates 3, the diameter of each energy dissipation hole 9 is 10 cm-50 cm, and the energy dissipation holes 9 in the adjacent silt promoting and flow slowing plates 3 are arranged in a staggered mode. For the energy dissipating holes 9, the functions are: 1) the silt-promoting and flow-slowing effect of the device is improved, and meanwhile, the lower layer of the device is of a semi-permeable structure, so that the influence on river flood discharge is reduced; 2) the water flow structure near the lower layer of the adjusting device reduces the direct impact force of the water flow on the silt promoting and flow slowing plate 3 and prolongs the service life of the silt promoting and flow slowing plate. In addition, because the recess 8 space of suspension block 2 lower part is great, after promoting silt unhindered board 3 upper portion and installing at recess 8, promote silt unhindered board 3 and can have the swing space of small width along the rivers direction.
The floating body unit of the invention utilizes the middle-layer suspended block 2 to suspend in water, utilizes the upper-layer flexible simulation plant 1 to generate energy loss on the upper-layer water body in a river, is beneficial to silting and depositing suspended matters in the water body, utilizes the siltation-promoting flow-slowing plate 3 to generate energy loss on the lower-layer water body in the river, and forms backflow in a certain range behind the device by adjusting the height of the siltation-promoting flow-slowing plate, thereby achieving the purpose of static deposition of silt in a specific area.
The suspension block body 2 is provided with metal buckles 4 on the upstream surface and two sides and is used for tying a flexible rope 6 and a light anchor chain 5. The floating body units are connected into a whole through flexible ropes 6, and the device is anchored on a riverbed through a light anchor chain 5, so that the whole device is prevented from being deformed by the impact of river water.
The invention has stable and reasonable structure, simple manufacture and convenient construction and later maintenance, can reasonably select the placement position, the number of the floating body units and the height of the floating body units suspended in the water body according to the area of the river channel which needs to prevent erosion and promote siltation, has good erosion and promotion effect and has little influence on river channel flood discharge.
The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
firstly, selecting a plurality of flexible simulation plants 1, binding the stems at the lower parts of the flexible simulation plants into a whole, extending into the cylindrical holes 7 which are arranged at the upper parts of the suspension blocks 2 which are prefabricated and formed in a factory in a staggered way, and then injecting a sticky environment-friendly material for fixing.
And secondly, after the flexible simulation plant 1 is firmly connected with the suspension block body 2, the silt-promoting flow-slowing plate 3 is sequentially arranged in the groove 8 at the lower part of the suspension block body 2 according to the increasing length sequence, and the silt-promoting flow-slowing plate 3 is subjected to small-amplitude swing test.
And thirdly, connecting and stabilizing the metal buckles on the side surfaces of the floating block bodies 2 by using the flexible ropes 6 to connect the floating body units into a whole.
Fourthly, the device is placed at a specific position in a hoisting mode, the device is anchored on a riverbed by using a light anchor chain 5, the height of the device in water is adjusted, and the installation is finished.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (4)
1. A semi-submersible layered erosion-proof silt-promoting device is characterized by comprising a plurality of floating body units which are suspended in water, connected into a whole through flexible ropes (6) and anchored to a riverbed through light anchor chains (5);
the floating body unit adopts a layered structure, wherein the upper layer is a flexible simulation plant (1) and is used for generating energy loss on the middle and upper water bodies of the river so as to realize silting and deposition of suspended substances in the water bodies; the middle layer is a suspension block (2) which is used for suspending in water; the lower layer is a silt-promoting flow-slowing plate (3) which is used for generating energy loss on the water body of the middle and lower layers of the river and realizing the static deposition of the bed load;
the upper part of the suspension block body (2) is provided with cylindrical holes (7) which are used for fixing the flexible simulation plants (1) and are arranged in a staggered way, the lower part of the suspension block body is provided with a groove (8) which is used for installing the silt promoting and flow slowing plate (3) and is in an inverted triangle shape, and the water facing surface and the side surface are provided with metal buckles (4) used for the flexible ropes (6) and the light anchor chain (5) mooring lines;
the implementation steps comprise:
firstly, selecting a plurality of flexible simulation plants (1), binding the stems at the lower parts of the flexible simulation plants into a whole, extending into cylindrical holes (7) which are arranged at the upper parts of suspension blocks (2) which are prefabricated and formed in a factory in a staggered manner, and then injecting a viscous environment-friendly material for fixing;
secondly, after the flexible simulation plants (1) are firmly connected with the suspension block body (2), the silt-promoting flow-slowing plates (3) are sequentially arranged in the grooves (8) at the lower part of the suspension block body (2) according to the increasing length sequence, and the small-amplitude swing test of the silt-promoting flow-slowing plates (3) is carried out;
thirdly, connecting and stabilizing the metal buckles (4) on the side surfaces of the floating blocks (2) by using flexible ropes (6) to connect all the floating body units into a whole;
fourthly, the device is placed at a designated position in a hoisting mode, the device is anchored on the riverbed by using a light anchor chain (5), the height of the device in water is adjusted, and the installation is finished.
2. The semi-submersible layered erosion and silt prevention device according to claim 1, wherein each floating body unit is provided with a plurality of silt and flow promoting and reducing plates (3), and the silt and flow promoting and reducing plates (3) are arranged at intervals along the water flow direction and sequentially increase in height by 0.5-1 time.
3. A semi-submersible layered erosion and deposition prevention device according to claim 2, wherein the upper end of the deposition-promoting flow-slowing plate (3) is provided with a connecting part which is matched with the shape of the groove (8).
4. A semi-submersible layered erosion-prevention and silt-promotion device according to claim 3, wherein energy dissipation holes (9) are arranged on the silt-promotion and flow-reduction plates (3) below the connecting part, and the energy dissipation holes (9) on the adjacent silt-promotion and flow-reduction plates (3) are arranged alternately along the water flow direction.
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| CN202010770368.1A CN111893943B (en) | 2020-08-04 | 2020-08-04 | Semi-submersible type layered erosion-proof silt-promoting device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115434280A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-06 | 湖北省交通规划设计院股份有限公司 | Ecological bottom protecting structure for promoting silt and slowing flow and installation and use method thereof |
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| CN106522158A (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-03-22 | 浙江大学 | Floating breakwater with multiple columns of fence type wave stopping insertion plates and design method of floating breakwater |
| CN106948365A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-14 | 中山市华蕴新能源科技有限公司 | Underwater fixing structure and method of anti-scouring device |
| CN108487180A (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2018-09-04 | 武汉理工大学 | Plant ecological floating breakwater |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115434280A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-06 | 湖北省交通规划设计院股份有限公司 | Ecological bottom protecting structure for promoting silt and slowing flow and installation and use method thereof |
| CN115434280B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-03-29 | 湖北省交通规划设计院股份有限公司 | Ecological bottom protection structure for promoting silt and slowing flow and installation and use method thereof |
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