CN111892807B - 一种用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111892807B CN111892807B CN202010652337.6A CN202010652337A CN111892807B CN 111892807 B CN111892807 B CN 111892807B CN 202010652337 A CN202010652337 A CN 202010652337A CN 111892807 B CN111892807 B CN 111892807B
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Abstract
本发明公开一种用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂及其制备方法;该制备方法先制备端羟基水性聚氨酯:将多元醇、亲水化合物、扩链剂、交联剂、溶剂,于50℃~60℃下混合均匀;加入二异氰酸酯和催化剂,在60℃~75℃下反应3~5个小时;反应完成后降温至45℃~55℃,加入中和剂,调节pH为7~9,在高速搅拌下加入去离子水乳化,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯;然后将端羟基水性聚氨酯与氨基树脂搅拌混合均匀,制得水性复合树脂含浸剂。本发明以水为分散介质,取代传统毒性高的溶剂型含浸剂,具有环保、无挥发、安全无污染等优点,应用本发明制备的弹波性能优良,可应用于弹波生产制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及扬声器弹波生产技术领域,具体涉及一种用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
弹波又叫做定心支片、弹簧板、弹簧、挡板或中心保持器等(英文名Damper或Spider),是扬声器***的重要组成部分。弹波主要负责电动式扬声器音圈的对中定位,其表面的同心圆环纹路能够保证音圈轴向运动时径向的稳定,同时与折环一起构成扬声器单元的悬挂部分,并限制音圈在一定的轴线位移内做往复运动。在扬声器中,弹波与扬声器振动***的音圈,振膜共同决定扬声器的谐振效率,因此弹波的物理性质直接影响扬声器的音质。
弹波制造工艺包括三个步骤:含浸干燥、模压成型、裁剪修正。含浸干燥步骤是将主体织物放进含浸槽,使含浸剂对织物进行含浸,随后将充分吸收含浸剂树脂的织物经过滚轮碾压并烘干。模压成型步骤是将吸收树脂的织物进行高温模压,含浸剂树脂在高温下进行热固化,并使织物形成同心圆环纹路。
传统弹波制造工艺使用酚醛树脂作为含浸剂,热固性酚醛树脂具有良好的热固化成型性能和力学性能,能使弹波具有良好的使用性能。然而酚醛树脂含有大量游离苯酚和游离甲醛,在使用过程中容易挥发出来。甲醛属于一类致癌物,并且对皮肤粘膜的刺激作用,在环境浓度大于0.08mg/m3可引起眼红眼痒、咽喉疼痛、胸闷气喘、皮炎等症状。苯酚属于三类致癌物,并且对皮肤、粘膜有强烈的腐蚀作用,可抑制中枢神经或损害肝、肾功能。因此,传统弹波制造工艺所使用的酚醛树脂含浸剂容易损害工作人员的身体健康,并污染环境,不符合国家环保相关法律法规的要求。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种水性复合树脂含浸剂,其具有环保、无挥发、安全无污染等特点,并能有效改善扬声器弹波的性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
1)端羟基水性聚氨酯的合成:将多元醇、亲水化合物、扩链剂、交联剂、溶剂,于50℃~60℃下混合均匀;加入二异氰酸酯和催化剂,在60℃~75℃下反应3~5个小时;反应完成后降温至45℃~55℃,加入中和剂,调节pH为7~9,在高速搅拌下加入去离子水乳化,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯;所述的多元醇选自聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、、聚丙二醇二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇中的一种或多种;所述的多元醇的数均分子量为600~2000;所述的亲水化合物选自2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和2,2-二羟甲基丁酸中的一种或多种;所述的催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡中的一种;
2)水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备:将所述的端羟基水性聚氨酯与氨基树脂搅拌混合均匀,制得水性复合树脂含浸剂。
为进一步实现本发明目的,优选地,以重量百分比计,氨基树脂占5~20%、端羟基水性聚氨酯树脂占80~95%。
优选地,所述氨基树脂为六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺树脂-和高亚胺基甲醚化三聚氰胺树脂-的一种。
优选地,以重量百分比计,步骤1)的原料组成为:8~14%二异氰酸酯、7~12%多元醇、0.7~5%亲水化合物、0.5~4%扩链剂、1~7%交联剂、0.5~4%中和剂、0.03~0.05%催化剂、55~60%去离子水、10~15%溶剂。
优选地,羟基端水性聚氨酯的合成原料中,异氰酸酯基团与羟基基团的摩尔比为0.7~0.9:1。
优选地,所述的二异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的扩链剂选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和一缩二乙二醇中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述的所述交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷。
优选地,所述的溶剂为丙酮、丁酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种;所述的中和剂为氨水、三乙胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种。
一种应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂,由上述的制备方法制得;该水性复合树脂含浸剂环保、无挥发、安全无污染;所述水性复合树脂含浸剂为透明液体或半透明液体状,粒径为40~250nm,固含量为10~60wt%,粘度为100~800mPa·s,5%热失重温度为180~320℃;所述水性复合树脂含浸剂制备的弹波100g荷重平均变位为0.80~2.30,最大变位差为0.1~0.6。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下优点和有益效果:
本发明以水为分散介质,取代传统毒性高的溶剂型含浸剂,具有环保、无挥发、安全无污染等优点;在使用本发明过程中无挥发性有害物质、刺激性气味等的产生,可以有效保护使用人员的身体健康,不会造成环境污染。
本发明水性复合树脂含浸剂为透明液体或半透明液体状,粒径为40~250nm,固含量为10~60wt%,粘度为100~800mPa·s,5%热失重温度为180~320℃。
本发明水性复合树脂含浸剂制备的弹波100g荷重平均变位为0.80~2.30,最大变位差为0.1~0.6。
本发明以去离子水为分散介质制备水性复合树脂作为弹波生产的含浸剂,应用本发明制备的弹波性能优良,可应用于弹波生产制造。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中端羟基水性聚氨酯的红外光谱测试图。
图2为实施例1中水性复合树脂的红外光谱测试图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施案例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,需要说明的是,具体实施案例仅仅用于解释本发明,而不用于限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
反应开始前,先将新戊二醇、二羟甲基丁酸、三羟甲基丙烷置于105℃烘箱中干燥3小时;将聚已二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇2000置于烧瓶中在110℃下真空搅拌干燥2小时。
称取干燥后的2.6g二羟甲基丁酸、3.2g新戊二醇、8g三羟甲基丙烷、16g聚已二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇2000于氮气保护的250ml四口烧瓶中,加入20g丁酮,升温至50℃,在200r/min搅拌速度下混合;待烧瓶内物质混合均匀后,加入22g甲苯二异氰酸酯,滴入0.07g二月桂酸二丁基锡,升温至75℃,反应4个小时;反应完全后降温至50℃,加入2g三乙胺中和30min;在2000r/min的搅拌速度下加入96.2g去离子水进行高速乳化分散,随后减压蒸馏回收丁酮,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯。
称取10g高亚胺基甲醚化三聚氰胺树脂325和90g端羟基水性聚氨酯于250ml烧瓶内,在150r/min的转速下搅拌2h,待树脂混合均匀后,得到水性复合树脂含浸剂。
制备的端羟基水性聚氨酯的红外光谱测试如图1所示,在谱图的1725cm-1处尖锐的峰为C=O的伸缩振动吸收峰,在3334cm-1和3315cm-1处有较宽的吸收峰,此处为O-H以及氨基甲酸酯基上N-H的重叠吸收峰,在1532cm-1处为N-H的变形振动吸收峰,而在1000~1170cm-1区间内出现了C-O的伸缩振动吸收峰,并且在2200cm-1附近没有出现异氰酸酯基团的特征谱带,说明过量的-OH与-NCO完全反应,成功合成了端羟基水性聚氨酯。
制备的水性复合树脂的红外光谱测试如图2所示,在谱图的1543cm-1处为氨基树脂三嗪环中C=N的伸缩振动吸收峰,1355cm-1处为三嗪环中C-N的伸缩振动吸收峰,而807cm-1处是三嗪环面外环振动特征吸收峰,以上说明了水性复合树脂中有三嗪环的存在,端羟基水性聚氨酯与氨基树脂共混的水性复合树脂。
实施例2
反应开始前,先将新戊二醇、二羟甲基丁酸、三羟甲基丙烷置于105℃烘箱中干燥3小时;将聚己内酯二醇2000置于烧瓶中在110℃下真空搅拌干燥2小时。
称取干燥后的2.6g二羟甲基丁酸、3.2g新戊二醇、8g三羟甲基丙烷、16g聚己内酯二醇2000于氮气保护的250ml四口烧瓶中,加入20g丁酮,升温至50℃,在200r/min搅拌速度下混合;待烧瓶内物质混合均匀后,加入22g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,滴入0.07g二月桂酸二丁基锡,升温至75℃,反应4个小时;反应完全后降温至50℃,加入2g三乙胺中和30min;在2000r/min的搅拌速度下加入96.2g去离子水进行高速乳化分散,随后减压蒸馏回收丁酮,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯。
称取10g六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺树脂303和90g端羟基水性聚氨酯于250ml烧瓶内,在150r/min的转速下搅拌2h,待树脂混合均匀后,得到水性复合树脂含浸剂。
本实施例制备的端羟基水性聚氨酯的红外光谱测试和图1相似;本实施例制备的水性复合树脂的红外光谱测试和图2相似,有关说明见实施例1。
实施例3
反应开始前,先将二羟甲基丁酸、三羟甲基丙烷置于105℃烘箱中真空干燥3小时;乙二醇用4A分子筛干燥24h;聚四氢呋喃二醇2000置于烧瓶中在110℃下真空搅拌干燥2小时。
称取干燥后的3g二羟甲基丁酸、2g乙二醇、5g三羟甲基丙烷、16g聚四氢呋喃二醇2000于氮气保护的250ml四口烧瓶中,加入19g丙酮,升温至50℃,在200r/min搅拌速度下混合;待烧瓶内物质混合均匀后,加入21.8g二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,滴入0.06g二月桂酸二丁基锡,升温至70℃,反应4个小时,期间适量丙酮调节体系粘度;反应完全后降温至50℃,加入2.1g三乙胺中和30min;在2000r/min的搅拌速度下加入88.7g去离子水进行高速乳化分散,随后减压蒸馏回收丙酮,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯。
称取12g高度甲醚化三聚氰胺和88g端羟基水性聚氨酯于250ml烧瓶内,在150r/min的转速下搅拌2h,待树脂混合均匀后,得到水性复合树脂含浸剂。
本实施例制备的端羟基水性聚氨酯的红外光谱测试和图1相似;本实施例制备的水性复合树脂的红外光谱测试和图2相似,有关说明见实施例1。
实施例1-3制备的水性复合树脂的性能数据如表1所示,制备的水性复合树脂具有良好的使用稳定性,在3000r/min的离心实验下表现合格,体系未出现分层现象,贮存期大于6个月。将水性复合树脂制备膜材料进行热重测试,结果显示水性复合树脂材料的热失重温度为大于256℃,体现出良好的热稳定性,适用于弹波的热压固化生产。
水性复合树脂的粘度根据GB/T 15357-2014的方法进行测试,调整转子与转速使测量的扭矩在20%~90%之间,记录显示屏上的粘度数值,测试环境温度为25℃。
水性复合树脂的粒径采用Zetasizer Nano ZS90纳米粒度分析仪进行测试,测试前将乳液样品用去离子水稀释至0.03wt%左右的固含量,测试环境温度为25℃。
水性复合树脂固含量采用以下步骤进行测试,称取1~2g树脂样品于培养皿中,置于130℃烘箱中干燥,每30分钟取出称量,直至两侧样品称重的变化在0.01g以内。水性复合树脂的固含量为干燥前后样品的质量比。
水性复合树脂的离心稳定性采用TDL80-2B离心机进行测试,测试转速设为3000r/min,测试时间为15min,若样品未出现分层等现象,可认为水性复合树脂具有6个月以上的贮存期。水性复合树脂的热失重温度根据GB/T 27761-2011的方法进行测试,称取质量约10mg的水性复合树脂固化膜样品于坩埚中,将装有样品的坩埚置于TG209F3热重分析仪进行测试,以样品5%失重率时的温度定位热失重温度,测试温度区间设为35~600℃,升温速度为10℃/min。
弹波负重变位采用DP-0731激光弹波变位仪进行测试,测试荷重为100g,测试次数为5次,平均变位取5此测试结果的平均值,最大变位差取5次测试结果中最大值与最小值之间的差值。
表1水性复合树脂的性能数据
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
外观 | 半透明液体 | 半透明液体 | 半透明液体 |
水性聚氨酯 | 86nm | 75nm | 68nm |
粘度 | 420mPa·s | 435mPa·s | 456mPa·s |
固含量 | 36wt% | 37wt% | 36wt% |
离心稳定性 | 大于15min | 大于15min | 大于15min |
贮存期 | 大于6个月 | 大于6个月 | 大于6个月 |
热失重温度 | 264℃ | 256℃ | 270℃ |
将本发明制备弹波的性能如表2所示,经100g荷重变位测试,与酚醛树脂含浸剂制备的弹波相比,使用本发明制备的弹波平均变位小,偏差小,弹波的韧性和稳定性优于传统酚醛树脂弹波,弹波的成型速度快,本发明可满足弹波的生产以及使用需要。
弹波的变位测试是在弹波上施加一固定负载,测量弹波的位移量,以此方法来间接地了解弹波的顺性。在扬声器的振动***工作时,弹波需要伴随着振动***做上下振动。当弹波的变位测试较大,弹波顺性较好时,弹波进行上下振动的行程较大,有利于扬声器的悬挂***达到最大的振幅,减少扬声器的失真。而弹波变位差较小时,弹波以及扬声器能展现出稳定的工作表现。将本发明制备弹波的性能如表2所示,经100g荷重变位测试,与酚醛树脂含浸剂制备的弹波相比,使用本发明制备的弹波平均变位较大,弹波体现出了良好的顺性。弹波的最大变位差较小,体现出了良好的稳定性。水性聚氨酯分子结构中的聚酯大分子软段提供了良好的柔韧性,同时水性聚氨酯分子间氢键作用,以及氨基树脂的外交联改性增大了水性复合树脂材料的内聚力,使得水性复合树脂兼具良好的力学性能和韧性。使用本发明制备的弹波具有较好的顺性以及稳定性,性能优于传统弹波,能够满足弹波的生产及使用需求。
表2弹波性能测试
项目 | 酚醛树脂含浸剂 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
固化温度 | 220℃ | 220℃ | 220℃ | 220℃ |
固化时间 | 12s | 12s | 12s | 12s |
100g平均变位 | 1.09 | 1.63 | 1.52 | 1.48 |
100g最大变位差 | 0.37 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.20 |
本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的精神及保护范围的情况下做出的许多其它的变化和修改的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内,仍包括在权利要求书中保护的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
1)端羟基水性聚氨酯的合成:将多元醇、亲水化合物、扩链剂、交联剂、溶剂,于50℃~60℃下混合均匀;加入二异氰酸酯和催化剂,在60℃~75℃下反应3~5个小时;反应完成后降温至45℃~55℃,加入中和剂,调节pH为7~9,在高速搅拌下加入去离子水乳化,减压蒸馏回收溶剂,得到端羟基水性聚氨酯;所述的多元醇选自聚己二酸-1,4-丁二醇酯二醇、聚丙二醇、聚四氢呋喃二醇和聚己内酯二醇中的一种或多种;所述的多元醇的数均分子量为600~2000;所述的亲水化合物选自2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和2,2-二羟甲基丁酸中的一种或多种;所述的催化剂选自二月桂酸二丁基锡和辛酸亚锡中的一种;
2)水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备:将所述的端羟基水性聚氨酯与氨基树脂搅拌混合均匀,制得水性复合树脂含浸剂;所述氨基树脂为六甲氧基甲基三聚氰胺树脂和高亚胺基甲醚化三聚氰胺树脂中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,氨基树脂占5~20%、端羟基水性聚氨酯树脂占80~95%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,以重量百分比计,步骤1)的原料组成为:8~14%二异氰酸酯、7~12%多元醇、0.7~5%亲水化合物、0.5~4%扩链剂、1~7%交联剂、0.5~4%中和剂、0.03~0.05%催化剂、55~60%去离子水、10~15%溶剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,端羟基水性聚氨酯的合成原料中,异氰酸酯基团与羟基基团的摩尔比为0.7~0.9:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的二异氰酸酯选自甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的扩链剂选自乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、新戊二醇和一缩二乙二醇中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的交联剂为三羟甲基丙烷。
8.根据权利要求1所述的应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为丙酮、丁酮、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或多种;所述的中和剂为氨水、三乙胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种。
9.一种应用于扬声器弹波的水性复合树脂含浸剂,其特征在于,其由利要求1-8任一项所述的制备方法制得;该水性复合树脂含浸剂环保、无挥发、安全无污染;所述水性复合树脂含浸剂为透明液体或半透明液体状,粒径为40~250nm,固含量为10~60wt%,粘度为100~800mPa·s,5%热失重温度为180~320℃;所述水性复合树脂含浸剂制备的弹波100g荷重平均变位为0.80~2.30,最大变位差为0.1~0.6。
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