CN111879282A - Measuring instrument convenient for measuring point difference and gradient and using method thereof - Google Patents
Measuring instrument convenient for measuring point difference and gradient and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a point and a using method thereof, belonging to the field of engineering measurement and comprising a left supporting leg, a right supporting leg, a horizontal telescopic ruler and a movable height measuring ruler; the two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler are respectively connected with the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg, the horizontal telescopic ruler is a horizontal short ruler with a plurality of sections of gradually reduced cross sectional areas, and the horizontal short ruler with a small cross sectional area can retract into the horizontal short ruler with a large cross sectional area; the movable height measuring ruler comprises a movable hoop and a measuring caliper, the movable hoop is sleeved on the horizontal telescopic ruler, and scales are arranged on the horizontal telescopic ruler and the movable height measuring ruler; when the height measuring device is in a use state, the left supporting leg, the right supporting leg and the movable height measuring ruler are all in the vertical direction, and the lower surfaces of the multiple sections of horizontal short rulers are located on the same horizontal plane. The invention is simple, the position does not need to be changed when the leveling is carried out once, the measurement of two or more points can be carried out, and the measurement precision is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a point and a using method thereof, belonging to the technical field of engineering measurement.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, the number of capital construction projects such as highway bridges, house buildings, power supply and water supply facilities and the like is remarkably increased. In these capital construction projects, the requirement on the relative height difference and the slope is very strict, for example, in the construction of a large-span bridge, the steel box girder is produced as a novel construction technology of a bridge girder body, the steel box girder is often assembled into a whole in a welding mode, the relative height difference and the slope of the steel box girder must meet the specification and the design requirement, which brings a serious challenge to the measurement of the height difference and the slope, when the height difference or the slope difference is large, the welding assembly and the integral stability of the adjacent steel box girder can be influenced, and further, the potential safety hazard is caused to the structure. Therefore, the elevation difference and the gradient in the construction of the construction project must be accurately measured and detected according to the regulations, and the quality and the safety of the construction project are ensured.
At present in the infrastructure engineering, often adopt spirit level and sopwith staff cooperation to use to check the relative altitude difference, adopt gradiometer and spirit level cooperation to measure the slope, it is time-consuming relatively to the mode homogeneous phase of altitude difference and slope measurement, hard, need two kinds of instrument cooperations to use, the procedure is loaded down with trivial details, and check level and constructor to the spirit level, the sopwith staff, the operation level of gradiometer has certain requirement, because constructor's operation level differs, there is the error usually, and, when measuring the altitude difference, the ruler rocks and also can produce reading error in the founding chi link.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the measuring instrument which is convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of the point and the using method thereof, the operation is simple, the position does not need to be changed when the leveling is carried out once, the measurement of two or more points can be carried out, and the measuring precision is higher.
The vertical projection is the orthographic projection with the parallel projection lines in the vertical direction, namely the projection of the parallel vertical projection lines to the horizontal plane.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a measuring point comprises a left supporting leg, a right supporting leg, a horizontal telescopic ruler and a movable height measuring ruler;
the two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler are respectively connected with the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg, the horizontal telescopic ruler consists of a plurality of sections of horizontal short rulers with gradually reduced cross sectional areas, the horizontal short ruler with small cross sectional area can be retracted into the horizontal short ruler with large cross sectional area, the number of sections of the horizontal short rulers and the total length of the horizontal telescopic ruler can be adjusted according to actual measurement requirements, and meanwhile, the horizontal telescopic ruler is convenient to carry and store;
the movable height measuring ruler comprises a movable hoop and a measuring caliper, the movable hoop is sleeved on the horizontal telescopic ruler, scales are arranged on the horizontal telescopic ruler and the movable height measuring ruler, and the minimum scale is millimeter;
when the height measuring device is in a use state, the left supporting leg, the right supporting leg and the movable height measuring ruler are all in the vertical direction, and the lower surfaces of the multiple sections of horizontal short rulers are located on the same horizontal plane, so that the horizontal position of the top of the movable height measuring ruler is guaranteed to be unchanged.
Preferably, the inner bottom of the movable hoop is provided with a raised buckle, the bottom of each water-saving horizontal short ruler is provided with a clamping groove A, the clamping grooves A in the water-saving horizontal short rulers are consistent in size and are communicated with each other, and the raised buckle is arranged in the clamping groove A and can move in the clamping groove A.
The setting of removing the cuff makes measuring caliper rule fixed more convenient in vertical direction, and removes the cuff and can follow draw-in groove A and remove, removes the lower surface of cuff lower surface laminating level short ruler, and level short ruler lower surface is at same horizontal plane, and then guarantees that measuring caliper rule's horizontal position is unchangeable.
Preferably, the upper ends of the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg are connected with the two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler through hinge structures;
the measuring caliper is connected with the movable hoop through a hinge structure.
The hinge structure has the following functions: when not needing to measure, can fold left leg, right leg and portable height finding chi, be convenient for accomodate and carry.
Preferably, the hinge structure is composed of three sections of structures, namely a first section, a second section and a third section, the first section and the third section are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second section, the first section, the second section and the third section are all cylindrical structures, the three sections of structures are rotationally connected, namely, the first section and the second section can rotate relatively, the second section and the third section can rotate relatively, two ends of the second section are both provided with quarter circular bulges, one ends of the first section and the third section, which are contacted with the second section, are both provided with semicircular grooves, the quarter circular bulges are close to the same sides of the semicircular grooves on the first section and the third section during assembly, namely, after assembly, the second section with the quarter circular bulges can only rotate 90 degrees relative to the first section/the third section due to the limiting effect of the semicircular grooves on the quarter circular bulges on two sides;
hinge structural connection is passed through with the one end of horizontal telescopic ruler in the upper end right side of left side landing leg, and hinge structural connection is passed through with the other end of horizontal telescopic ruler in the upper end left side of right side landing leg, specifically does: the left side of the upper end of the left leg/the left side of the upper end of the right leg 16 is fixedly connected with the second section of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the horizontal telescopic ruler is fixedly connected with the first section and the third section, so that the left leg and the right leg can be folded inwards by 90 degrees through the hinge structure;
the upper end of the measuring caliper is fixedly connected with the second section of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the movable hoop is fixedly connected with the first section and the third section, so that the measuring caliper can be folded by 90 degrees leftwards or rightwards.
The rotation connection mode between the three-section structures of the hinge structure can be designed by adopting the prior art, only the three-section structures can be connected and can realize relative rotation, for example, the three-section structures can be connected by the pin shafts with countersunk heads at two ends, as shown in figure 10, the tight connection between the three-section structures can be ensured, and the relative rotation can also be ensured.
The hinge structure of the invention not only ensures the free rotation, but also limits the range of the rotation angle to 90 degrees, thereby being convenient for carrying and storage.
Preferably, the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg respectively comprise leg bodies and threaded rods, internal threads are arranged in the leg bodies, the threaded rods are matched with the internal threads, the threaded rods are rotated to control the distance of the threaded rods inserted into the leg bodies of the supporting legs, the height of the whole supporting legs is adjusted, and finally the leveling bubbles are centered;
preferably, the bottom of the threaded rod is provided with a support which is a circular support with a large area, so that the stability of the support after the adjustment is ensured.
Preferably, the upper surface of the horizontal telescopic ruler is provided with scales, and after the multi-section short horizontal ruler is stretched out, the scales on the short horizontal ruler are continuous without interruption.
During measurement, the horizontal short ruler can extend out or partially extend out according to the actual distance between two measuring points, as long as the extended horizontal short ruler is ensured to be continuous with the adjacent horizontal short ruler scales, and the extended horizontal short ruler is ensured to be continuous without interruption with the scales of the part connected with the previous adjacent short ruler.
Preferably, the measuring caliper comprises a graduated scale and a graduated scale, the upper end of the graduated scale is connected with the movable hoop through a hinge structure, the graduated scale is provided with scales, the graduated scale does not move up and down, the graduated scale is sleeved in the graduated scale and can move up and down along the graduated scale, when the measuring caliper is used, the bottom of the graduated scale contacts with a measuring surface, and the scale value of the top position of the graduated scale is the measured value;
wherein, the structural style between scale and the scale can refer to common slide caliper and design, guarantee that the scale can reciprocate on the scale can.
The scale of the invention does not need to be provided with scales, the uppermost end of the scales on the scale is preferably 0, and the scales are sequentially increased as going downwards so as to ensure that the scales have larger measuring range.
Preferably, for two adjacent water-saving horizontal short rulers, a short ruler A with a larger cross section area and a short ruler B with a smaller cross section area are defined, the bottom of the short ruler A is provided with an accommodating cavity for accommodating the short ruler B, and the accommodating cavity is communicated with the lower surface of the short ruler A to ensure that the lower surfaces of the short ruler A and the short ruler B are on the same horizontal plane;
the two sides of the upper part of the accommodating cavity are provided with clamping grooves B, the two sides of the upper part of the short ruler B are provided with limiting bosses matched with the clamping grooves B, and the horizontal short ruler has a telescopic function and is suitable for measuring points at different distances.
Preferably, the upper surface of the horizontal short ruler with the largest cross-sectional area is provided with leveling bubbles.
The use method of the measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of the two adjacent components comprises the following steps when the height difference is measured:
s1, placing the left leg, the right leg and the movable height measuring ruler in a vertical state, enabling the left leg, the right leg and the movable height measuring ruler to be in a vertical state through a hinge structure, placing the left leg and the right leg outside two measuring points, namely the two measuring points are located between the left leg and the right leg, and the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler is superposed with the vertical projection connecting line between the two measuring points;
s2, adjusting the heights of the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg by adjusting the threaded rods, centering the leveling bubbles, and ensuring that the bottoms of the horizontal telescopic ruler are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
s3, moving the movable height measuring ruler to be positioned right above the first measuring point, and dropping the scale ruler to enable the bottom of the scale ruler to be in contact with the first measuring point;
s4, reading the line of sight, wherein the scale on the scale corresponding to the top of the scale is the reading a1；
S5, repeating the operations S3-S4, reading the degree a of the second measuring point2The height difference between two measuring points is a1-a2；
Reading a in the present invention1、a2The actual height difference of the two measuring points can be obtained by subtracting the relative height value from the actual height value of the measuring point.
Preferably, when measuring the gradient, the method comprises:
s6, repeating the operations S1-S4, and reading a1Then, the sight line is vertical, and the degree s on the horizontal short ruler corresponding to the side edge of the moving hoop at the moment is read1；
S7, moving the movable height measuring ruler to be positioned right above the second measuring point, and dropping the scale ruler to enable the bottom of the scale ruler to be in contact with the second measuring point, wherein the sight line is horizontal, and the scale on the scale ruler corresponding to the top of the scale ruler is the reading a2The sight is vertical, and the corresponding horizontal length of the side edge of the moving hoop at the moment is readNumber of degrees on ruler s2；
S8, measuring the gradient of the two measuring points as
Reading s1、s2In the same way, see reading s alone1、s2Meaningless, and the actual horizontal distance between the two measuring points is obtained by subtracting the two measuring points.
Preferably, after the measuring instrument is placed in place and leveled, when the height difference and the gradient between a plurality of different measuring points are measured, the height difference and the gradient between the plurality of measuring points are measured by moving the movable height measuring ruler, and the measured plurality of measuring points require that the vertical projection of the measuring points is necessarily positioned on the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler.
The invention can measure a plurality of points after once leveling, avoids the error caused by leveling when measuring a plurality of points and has high measuring precision.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the instrument is portable and simple to operate, and can measure two or more points without changing the position once the leveling is carried out in the whole measuring process.
2) When the horizontal telescopic ruler is used, the lower surface of the horizontal telescopic ruler is always positioned on the same horizontal plane, and the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg are positioned in the vertical direction, so that the measuring precision is ensured, and the degree error caused by the swinging of the ruler in the ruler link in the prior art is avoided.
3) The invention can simultaneously measure the height difference and the gradient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the measuring apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a horizontal extension and retraction scale according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the short ruler A and the short ruler B according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the left leg of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the hinge structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the movable height ruler of the present invention;
FIG. 7(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring caliper according to the present invention;
FIG. 7(b) is a schematic structural view of a scale of the present invention;
FIG. 7(c) is a schematic view of the construction of the scale of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a first view of the hinge structure of the present invention assembled;
FIG. 9 is a second view of the hinge structure of the present invention assembled;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a hinge pin used in the hinge structure;
in the figure, 1-horizontal telescopic ruler, 2-left leg, 3-movable height measuring ruler, 4-short ruler A, 5-leveling bubble, 6-leg body, 7-support, 8-threaded rod, 9-hinge structure, 10-movable hoop, 11-measuring caliper, 12-convex buckle, 13-graduated scale, 14-graduated scale, 15-short ruler B, 16-right leg, 17-clamping groove A, 18-first section, 19-second section, 20-third section, 21-quarter-circle convex, 22-semicircle groove, 23-clamping groove B, and 24-limiting boss.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is in accordance with the conventional techniques in the art.
Example 1:
a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a measuring point is disclosed, as shown in figures 1-10, and comprises a left supporting leg 2, a right supporting leg 16, a horizontal telescopic ruler 1 and a movable height measuring ruler 3;
the two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler 1 are respectively connected with the left supporting leg 2 and the right supporting leg 16, the horizontal telescopic ruler 1 is composed of a plurality of sections of horizontal short rulers with gradually reduced cross-sectional areas, the horizontal short ruler with small cross-sectional area can be retracted into the horizontal short ruler with large cross-sectional area, and the embodiment takes two water-saving horizontal short rulers as an example, as shown in figure 1;
the movable height measuring ruler 3 comprises a movable hoop 10 and a measuring caliper 11, the movable hoop 10 is sleeved on the horizontal telescopic ruler 1, scales are arranged on the horizontal telescopic ruler 1 and the movable height measuring ruler 3, and the minimum scale is millimeter;
when the height measuring ruler is in use, the left supporting leg 2, the right supporting leg 16 and the movable height measuring ruler 3 are all in the vertical direction, and the lower surfaces of the multiple sections of short horizontal rulers are located on the same horizontal plane, so that the horizontal position of the top of the movable height measuring ruler is guaranteed to be unchanged.
Example 2:
the structure of the measuring instrument is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that a raised buckle 12 is arranged at the inner bottom of a movable hoop 10, a clamping groove A17 is arranged at the bottom of each water-saving horizontal short ruler, the clamping grooves A17 in the water-saving horizontal short rulers are consistent in size and are communicated with each other, and the raised buckle 12 is arranged in the clamping groove A17 and can move in the clamping grooves A of the horizontal short rulers.
The setting of removing cuff 10 makes measuring caliper 11 fixed more convenient in vertical direction, and removes cuff 10 and can follow draw-in groove A17 and remove, removes the lower surface of cuff lower surface laminating short horizontal ruler, and short horizontal ruler lower surface is at same horizontal plane, and then guarantees that measuring caliper's horizontal position is unchangeable.
Example 3:
the structure of a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient is as shown in embodiment 1, except that the upper ends of a left supporting leg 2 and a right supporting leg 16 are connected with the two ends of a horizontal telescopic ruler 1 through a hinge structure 9;
the measuring caliper 11 is also connected with the moving hoop 10 through a hinge structure 9.
The hinge structure 9 functions as: when not needing to measure, can fold left leg, right leg and portable height finding chi, be convenient for accomodate and carry.
Example 4:
a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a point is structurally shown in embodiment 3, the difference is that as shown in figures 8-9, a hinge structure 9 is composed of three sections, namely a first section 18, a second section 19 and a third section 20, the first section 18 and the third section 20 are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second section 19, the first section 18, the second section 19 and the third section 20 are all cylinder structures, the three sections are rotationally connected, namely the first section 18 and the second section 19 can rotate relatively, the second section 19 and the third section 20 can rotate relatively, two ends of the second section 19 are respectively provided with a quarter circular bulge 21, one end of the first section 18 and one end of the third section 20, which are contacted with the second section, are respectively provided with a semicircular groove 22, the quarter circular bulge 21 is close to the same side of the semicircular grooves 22 on the first section and the third section during assembly, namely after the assembly, due to the limit effect of the semicircular grooves 22 on the quarter circular bulge 21 on two sides, the second segment with quarter circle protrusions can only be rotated 90 deg. in relation to the first/third segment;
the upper end right side of left branch leg 2 passes through hinge structure 9 with the one end of horizontal telescopic ruler 1 to be connected, and the upper end left side of right branch leg 16 passes through hinge structure 9 with the other end of horizontal telescopic ruler 1 to be connected, specifically does: the left side of the upper end of the right side/upper end of the right leg 16 of the left leg 2 is fixedly connected with the second section 19 of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the horizontal telescopic ruler 1 is fixedly connected with the first section 18 and the third section 20, so that the left leg 2 and the right leg 16 can be folded inwards by 90 degrees through the hinge structure;
the upper end of the measuring caliper 11 is fixedly connected with the second section 19 of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the movable hoop 10 is fixedly connected with the first section 18 and the third section 20, so that the measuring caliper can be folded by 90 degrees leftwards or rightwards.
In this embodiment, the three-segment structures can be connected by the pin shafts with countersunk heads at both ends, as shown in fig. 10, which can ensure both the tight connection between the three-segment structures and the relative rotation.
Example 5:
a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a supporting point is structurally shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that a left supporting leg 2 and a right supporting leg 16 both comprise leg bodies 6 and threaded rods 8, internal threads are arranged in the leg bodies 6, the threaded rods 8 are matched with the internal threads, the threaded rods 8 are rotated to control the distance of the threaded rods inserted into the leg bodies of the supporting legs, the height of the whole supporting legs is adjusted, and finally leveling bubbles are centered;
the bottom of the threaded rod 8 is provided with a support 7 which is a round support with a large area, so that the stability of the support after the adjustment is ensured.
Example 6:
the structure of a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient is as shown in embodiment 1, except that the upper surface of a horizontal telescopic ruler 1 is provided with scales, and after a plurality of sections of horizontal short rulers extend out, the scales on the horizontal short rulers are continuous without interruption.
During measurement, the horizontal short ruler can extend out or partially extend out according to the actual distance between two measuring points, as long as the extended horizontal short ruler is ensured to be continuous with the adjacent horizontal short ruler scales, and the extended horizontal short ruler is ensured to be continuous without interruption with the scales of the part connected with the previous adjacent short ruler.
Example 7:
a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a point is structurally shown in embodiment 1, and is different from the structure shown in FIGS. 6, 7(a), 7(b) and 7(c), wherein a measuring caliper 11 comprises a graduated scale 13 and a graduated scale 14, the upper end of the graduated scale 13 is connected with a movable hoop 10 through a hinge structure, the graduated scale 13 is provided with scales, the graduated scale 13 does not move up and down, the graduated scale 14 is sleeved in the graduated scale and can move up and down along the graduated scale, when the measuring instrument is used, the bottom of the graduated scale contacts with a measuring surface, and the scale value of the top position on the graduated scale is the measured value;
wherein, the structural style between scale and the scale can refer to common slide caliper and design, guarantee that the scale can reciprocate on the scale can.
The scale of the invention does not need to be provided with scales, the uppermost end of the scales on the scale is preferably 0, and the scales are sequentially increased as going downwards so as to ensure that the scales have larger measuring range.
Example 8:
the structure of the measuring instrument is as shown in embodiment 1, except that as shown in fig. 3, for two adjacent water-saving horizontal and short rulers, a short ruler A4 with a larger cross-sectional area and a short ruler B15 with a smaller cross-sectional area are defined, the bottom of the short ruler A4 is provided with a containing cavity for containing the short ruler B15, the containing cavity is communicated with the lower surface of the short ruler A4, when the measuring instrument is assembled, the bottoms of the short ruler A4 and the short ruler B15 are parallel and level, and the lower surfaces of the short ruler A4 and the short ruler B15 are ensured to be on the same horizontal plane;
the two sides of the upper part of the accommodating cavity are provided with clamping grooves B23, the two sides of the upper part of the short ruler B15 are provided with limiting bosses 24 matched with the clamping grooves B23, and the horizontal short ruler has a telescopic function and is suitable for measuring points at different distances.
The upper surface of the horizontal short ruler with the largest cross-sectional area is provided with leveling air bubbles 5.
Example 9:
a use method of a measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a measuring point comprises the following steps:
s1, the left leg 2, the right leg 16 and the movable height measuring ruler 3 are placed in a vertical state, the left leg 2 and the right leg 16 are placed outside two measuring points, namely the two measuring points are positioned between the left leg and the right leg, and the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler is superposed with the vertical projection connecting line between the two measuring points;
s2, adjusting the heights of the left leg 2 and the right leg 16 by adjusting the threaded rod 8, centering the leveling bubble 5, and ensuring that the bottoms of the horizontal telescopic ruler 1 are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
s3, moving the movable height measuring ruler 3 through the movable hoop 10 to enable the movable height measuring ruler to be located right above the first measuring point, and dropping the scale 14 ruler to enable the bottom of the scale 14 to be in contact with the first measuring point;
s4, reading in the sight line, wherein the scale on the scale 13 corresponding to the top of the scale 14 is the reading a1；
S5, repeating the operations S3-S4, reading the degree a of the second measuring point2The height difference between two measuring points is a1-a2；
Reading a in the present invention1、a2The actual height difference of the two measuring points can be obtained by subtracting the relative height value from the actual height value of the measuring point.
When measuring the gradient, the method comprises the following steps:
s6, repeating the operations S1-S4, and reading a1Then, the sight line is vertical, and the degree s on the horizontal short ruler corresponding to the side edge of the moving hoop at the moment is read1；
S7, moving the movable height measuring ruler 3 through the movable hoop 10 to enable the movable height measuring ruler to be located right above the second measuring point, dropping the scale ruler 14 to enable the bottom of the scale ruler 14 to be in contact with the second measuring point, enabling the sight line to be horizontal, and enabling the scale on the scale ruler corresponding to the top of the scale ruler to be the reading a2The sight line is vertical, and the degree s on the horizontal short ruler corresponding to the side edge of the moving hoop at the moment is read2；
S8, measuring the gradient of the two measuring points as
Reading s1、s2In the same way, see reading s alone1、s2Meaningless, and the actual horizontal distance between the two measuring points is obtained by subtracting the two measuring points.
Example 10:
the use method of the measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient is the same as the embodiment 9, except that after the measuring instrument is placed in place and leveled, when the height difference and the gradient between a plurality of different measuring points are measured, the height difference and the gradient between the plurality of measuring points are measured by moving the movable height measuring ruler 3, and the vertical projection of the plurality of measured points is required to be positioned on the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler.
The invention can measure a plurality of points after once leveling, avoids the error caused by leveling when measuring a plurality of points and has high measuring precision.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of a measuring point is characterized by comprising a left supporting leg, a right supporting leg, a horizontal telescopic ruler and a movable height measuring ruler;
the two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler are respectively connected with the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg, the horizontal telescopic ruler is composed of a plurality of sections of horizontal short rulers with gradually reduced cross sectional areas, and the horizontal short ruler with small cross sectional area can retract into the horizontal short ruler with large cross sectional area;
the movable height measuring ruler comprises a movable hoop and a measuring caliper, the movable hoop is sleeved on the horizontal telescopic ruler, scales are arranged on the horizontal telescopic ruler and the movable height measuring ruler, and the minimum scale is millimeter;
when the height measuring device is in a use state, the left supporting leg, the right supporting leg and the movable height measuring ruler are all in the vertical direction, and the lower surfaces of the multiple sections of horizontal short rulers are located on the same horizontal plane.
2. The measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient according to claim 1, wherein the inner bottom of the movable hoop is provided with a convex buckle, the bottom of each water-saving horizontal short ruler is provided with a slot A, the slots A in the water-saving horizontal short rulers are consistent in size and are communicated with each other, and the convex buckle is arranged in the slot A and can move in the slot A.
3. The measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of the point as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper ends of the left leg and the right leg are connected with two ends of the horizontal telescopic ruler through hinge structures;
the measuring caliper is connected with the movable hoop through a hinge structure.
4. The measuring instrument convenient for measuring the point height difference and the gradient according to claim 3, wherein the hinge structure comprises three sections of structures, namely a first section, a second section and a third section, the first section and the third section are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second section, the first section, the second section and the third section are all cylindrical structures, the three sections are rotatably connected, two ends of the second section are both provided with a quarter-circle protrusion, one ends of the first section and the third section, which are contacted with the second section, are both provided with a semicircular groove, the quarter-circle protrusion abuts against the same side of the semicircular groove on the first section and the third section during assembly, namely, after assembly, the second section with the quarter-circle protrusion rotates 90 degrees relative to the first section/the third section due to the limiting effect of the semicircular grooves on the quarter-circle protrusion on two sides;
hinge structural connection is passed through with the one end of horizontal telescopic ruler in the upper end right side of left side landing leg, and hinge structural connection is passed through with the other end of horizontal telescopic ruler in the upper end left side of right side landing leg, specifically does: the left side of the upper end of the left leg/the left side of the upper end of the right leg is fixedly connected with the second section of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the horizontal telescopic ruler is fixedly connected with the first section and the third section, so that the left leg and the right leg can be folded inwards by 90 degrees through the hinge structure;
the upper end of the measuring caliper is fixedly connected with the second section of the hinge structure, and the bottom of the movable hoop is fixedly connected with the first section and the third section, so that the measuring caliper can be folded by 90 degrees leftwards or rightwards.
5. The measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of the point as claimed in claim 1, wherein the left leg and the right leg each comprise a leg body and a threaded rod, internal threads are arranged in the leg bodies, and the threaded rods are matched with the internal threads;
preferably, the bottom of the threaded rod is provided with a support.
6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scale is provided on the upper surface of the telescopic horizontal ruler, and the scale is continuous and uninterrupted after the plurality of short horizontal rulers are extended.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring caliper comprises a graduated scale and a graduated scale, the graduated scale is connected to the movable sleeve by a hinge structure, the graduated scale is provided with a scale, the graduated scale is sleeved in the graduated scale and can move up and down along the graduated scale, and the bottom of the graduated scale contacts the measuring surface when in use.
8. The measuring instrument convenient for measuring the height difference and the gradient of the point according to claim 1, wherein for two adjacent water-saving horizontal short rulers, a short ruler A with a larger cross section area and a short ruler B with a smaller cross section area are defined, the bottom of the short ruler A is provided with a containing cavity for containing the short ruler B, and the containing cavity is communicated with the lower surface of the short ruler A to ensure that the lower surfaces of the short ruler A and the short ruler B are on the same horizontal plane;
the two sides of the upper part of the accommodating cavity are provided with clamping grooves B, and the two sides of the upper part of the short ruler B are provided with limiting bosses matched with the clamping grooves B.
9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the leveling bubble is disposed on the upper surface of the short horizontal rule with the largest cross-sectional area.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of measuring the height difference and the gradient comprises:
s1, the left leg, the right leg and the movable height measuring ruler are placed in a vertical state, the left leg and the right leg are placed outside two measuring points, namely the two measuring points are located between the left leg and the right leg, and the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler is superposed with the vertical projection connecting line between the two measuring points;
s2, adjusting the heights of the left supporting leg and the right supporting leg by adjusting the threaded rods, centering the leveling bubbles, and ensuring that the bottoms of the horizontal telescopic ruler are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
s3, moving the movable height measuring ruler to be positioned right above the first measuring point, and dropping the scale ruler to enable the bottom of the scale ruler to be in contact with the first measuring point;
s4, reading the line of sight, wherein the scale on the scale corresponding to the top of the scale is the reading a1；
S5, repeating the operations S3-S4, reading the degree a of the second measuring point2The height difference between two measuring points is a1-a2；
When measuring the gradient, the method comprises the following steps:
s6, repeating the operations S1-S4, and reading a1Then, the sight line is vertical, and the horizontal short ruler corresponding to the side edge of the movable hoop at the moment is read outDegree of(s)1；
S7, moving the movable height measuring ruler to be positioned right above the second measuring point, and dropping the scale ruler to enable the bottom of the scale ruler to be in contact with the second measuring point, wherein the sight line is horizontal, and the scale on the scale ruler corresponding to the top of the scale ruler is the reading a2The sight line is vertical, and the degree s on the horizontal short ruler corresponding to the side edge of the moving hoop at the moment is read2；
S8, measuring the gradient of the two measuring points as
Preferably, after the measuring instrument is placed in place and leveled, when the height difference and the gradient between a plurality of different measuring points are measured, the height difference and the gradient between the plurality of measuring points are measured by moving the movable height measuring ruler, and the measured plurality of measuring points require that the vertical projection of the measuring points is necessarily positioned on the vertical projection central line of the horizontal telescopic ruler.
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Application publication date: 20201103 |