CN111879270A - Rotating platform and spherical coordinate measuring machine based on same - Google Patents
Rotating platform and spherical coordinate measuring machine based on same Download PDFInfo
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- CN111879270A CN111879270A CN202010904649.1A CN202010904649A CN111879270A CN 111879270 A CN111879270 A CN 111879270A CN 202010904649 A CN202010904649 A CN 202010904649A CN 111879270 A CN111879270 A CN 111879270A
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
- G01B21/047—Accessories, e.g. for positioning, for tool-setting, for measuring probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0002—Arrangements for supporting, fixing or guiding the measuring instrument or the object to be measured
- G01B5/0004—Supports
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary platform and a spherical coordinate measuring machine based on the same, wherein the rotary platform comprises a rotary mechanism I, a rotary mechanism II and a clamp; the rotating mechanism I comprises a bracket, rotating shafts are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bracket, and the bracket is used for being rotationally connected with the working platform through the two rotating shafts; the rotating mechanism II is arranged on the rotating mechanism I and adopts a rotary worktable; the fixture is arranged on the rotary worktable and used for clamping spherical shell parts; the rotating shafts symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the support share the same axis, the support rotates by taking the axis as a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft of the support is vertical to the rotating shaft of the rotary working table. The invention is beneficial to realizing the measurement targets of high measurement precision, high efficiency and wide range of spherical shell parts.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-coordinate measuring machines, in particular to a rotary platform and a spherical coordinate measuring machine based on the rotary platform.
Background
In recent years, three-coordinate measuring machines are more and more widely applied to the precision measurement fields of product design, die equipment, gear measurement, steam die fittings, electronic and electric appliances and the like. The coordinate measuring machine is a probe which can move in three mutually perpendicular directions, and can transfer signal by means of contact or non-contact mode, and can calculate the coordinates of every point of workpiece by means of data processor. All the geometric measurement can be summarized as the measurement of three-dimensional space points, so that the collection of space point coordinates is accurately carried out, which is the basis for evaluating any geometric shape, but the measurement of spherical shell parts always has the problems of small measurement range, low precision and low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to achieve the aim that the measuring head and the spherical shell part are in normal contact at each measuring point, the traditional three-coordinate measuring machine must depend on three-axis linear motion and the swinging of the measuring head, but is limited by the moving range of the measuring head, only can measure the top cover part of the sphere, and has low measuring efficiency. The invention provides a rotary platform and a spherical coordinate measuring machine based on the rotary platform, which solve the problems.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rotary platform comprises a rotary mechanism I, a rotary mechanism II and a clamp; the rotating mechanism I comprises a bracket, rotating shafts are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the bracket, and the bracket is used for being rotationally connected with a working platform of the three-coordinate measuring instrument through the two rotating shafts; the rotating mechanism II is arranged on the rotating mechanism I and adopts a rotary worktable; the fixture is arranged on the rotary worktable and used for clamping spherical shell parts; the rotating shafts symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the support share the same axis, the support rotates by taking the axis as a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft of the support is vertical to the rotating shaft of the rotary working table.
The measurement of the spherical shell parts by adopting the existing three-coordinate measuring instrument always has the problems of small measurement range, low precision and low efficiency, so that the problem is solved by adopting a method of normal contact of measurement points when the spherical shell parts are measured. In order to realize that the surface of a spherical shell part is in normal contact with a measuring head at each measuring point, the conventional method is to optimize the rotating structure of the measuring head of a three-coordinate measuring instrument, the measuring target can be realized to a certain extent by means of three-coordinate linear motion and measuring head swing, but under the condition that the system only has a long error chain, the accumulation of measuring errors can be increased to reduce the measuring precision, and long-chain errors are overcome only by optimizing a three-coordinate linear motion mechanism, a measuring head swing structure or an optimization calculation method, but the effect is not obvious.
Based on the technical background, the invention provides an optimized clamping rotary platform for spherical shell parts, which realizes the rotation of the spherical shell parts with two degrees of freedom, thereby replacing the swinging of a measuring head. On one hand, normal contact measurement of spherical points can be realized through linkage of two-degree-of-freedom rotation motion of spherical shell parts and three-coordinate linear motion of a measuring head. The measuring efficiency is effectively improved while the measurable range of the spherical surface is increased. On the other hand, the cradle type rotary platform provided by the invention has the advantages that the three-coordinate linear motion platform cancels the swing freedom degree of the measuring head, eliminates the error caused by the swing of the measuring head, decomposes the single long error chain of the original measuring machine into two short error chains, improves the controllability of the error, is favorable for improving the measuring precision, and is favorable for realizing the measuring target of spherical shell parts with high measuring precision, high efficiency and wide range.
Preferably, the center of the sphere of the spherical shell part clamped by the clamp is located at the intersection of the rotating shaft of the bracket and the rotating shaft of the rotary table.
The rotary shaft of the rotary mechanism I is defined as a rotary shaft I, the rotary shaft of the rotary working platform is defined as a rotary shaft II, the spherical shell type part is fixed on the rotary mechanism II through the clamp, the rotary mechanism I drives the rotary mechanism II, the clamp and the spherical shell type part to rotate around the rotary shaft I, the rotary mechanism II drives the clamp and the spherical shell type part to rotate around the rotary shaft II, and the two sets of rotary mechanisms can independently rotate; the centre of sphere of spherical shell class part and the nodical position coincidence of rotation axis I and rotation axis II, the convenient rotational position of controlling spherical shell class part and the convenient location coordinate axis realize quick measurement.
Further preferably, the support rotates around the axis as a rotating shaft, and the rotating angle ranges from-90 degrees to +90 degrees.
If the plane where the clamp is located is taken as a horizontal plane, the support rotates by taking the axis as a rotating shaft, namely the rotating mechanism I drives the spherical shell type part to turn up and down, and the measurement along the latitudinal movement of the spherical shell type part is convenient.
Further preferably, the range of the rotation angle of the rotating table is 360 °.
If the plane of the clamp is taken as a horizontal plane, the rotary working platform drives the spherical shell type part to rotate in the horizontal plane, and the measurement along the radial movement of the spherical shell type part is convenient.
Preferably, the rotating shaft is an air-floating rotating shaft, and/or the rotary table is an air-floating direct-drive rotary table.
According to the cradle type rotary platform provided by the invention, the three-coordinate linear motion platform cancels the swing freedom degree of the measuring head, eliminates the error caused by the swing of the measuring head, and decomposes a single long error chain of the original measuring machine into two short error chains, so that the two-freedom-degree rotation error is reduced. Because of no mechanical contact, the abrasion degree of the aerostatic bearing is reduced to the minimum, thereby ensuring that the measurement precision is always kept stable, the viscous resistance is lower, the higher speed is allowed, the lower vibration level can be kept simultaneously, and the precision is also ensured while the detection efficiency is improved. The invention adopts ultra-precise gas bearings when designing the clamping rotation of the spherical shell parts so as to meet the design requirements.
Further preferably, the concentricity error of the air-floating rotating shaft is as follows: the radial is less than or equal to 50nm, and the axial is less than or equal to 20 nm; the rotation precision of the air-floating direct-drive rotary table is 50 nm-100 nm.
In order to reduce the rotation error of two degrees of freedom to the maximum extent, the invention preferably selects the concentricity error of the air-floating rotating shaft as follows according to the practical test: the radial is less than or equal to 50nm, and the axial is less than or equal to 20 nm; the rotation precision of the air-floating direct-drive rotary table is 50 nm-100 nm.
Further preferably, the clamp adopts a vacuum chuck type tool, and a vacuum chuck of the clamp is used for adsorbing and fixing the spherical shell parts through negative pressure.
For clamping spherical shell parts, the macroscopic deformation caused by the traditional mechanical chuck type clamp is large, which affects the measurement precision to a certain extent, so that the vacuum chuck type tool is adopted on the cradle type rotating platform provided by the invention to clamp the spherical shell parts, the macroscopic deformation is reduced, and the whole surface of the spherical shell parts can be measured.
Preferably, the bracket comprises a bottom plate and two side plates, and the bottom plate and the two side plates are connected to form a U-shaped structure; the rotating mechanism II is arranged on the bottom plate and is positioned between the two side plates; one end of the rotating shaft is arranged on the outer wall of the side plate, and the other end of the rotating shaft is used for being rotatably connected with the working platform.
The cradle type rotating platform adopts a U-shaped structure as a bracket of the rotating mechanism I, and two rotating shafts are fixed on the side wall of the U-shaped structure to form a symmetrical cradle structure so as to form the cradle type rotating platform. The rotating mechanism II is arranged in the U-shaped structure, and is simple and stable in structure.
A spherical coordinate measuring machine comprises a three-coordinate measuring instrument and the rotating platform.
The rotating platform is introduced based on the traditional three-coordinate measuring instrument, so that the swinging of the measuring head is replaced, and the spherical shell type part is high in measuring precision and efficiency through the linkage of two-degree-of-freedom rotating motion of the spherical shell type part and three-coordinate linear motion of the measuring head.
Preferably, the three-coordinate measuring instrument comprises a working platform, a three-coordinate linear motion platform and a measuring head; the working platform is a vibration isolation platform; the three-coordinate linear motion platform and the rotating mechanism I are both arranged on the working platform; the three-coordinate linear motion platform comprises an X-direction linear motion guide rail, a Y-direction linear motion guide rail and a Z-direction linear motion guide rail, wherein the X-direction linear motion guide rail, the Y-direction linear motion guide rail and the Z-direction linear motion guide rail are coupled into a three-dimensional linear motion mechanism; and the measuring head is arranged at the free end of the Z-direction linear guide rail and is used for measuring spherical shell parts.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. aiming at the measurement of precise spherical shell parts, compared with the traditional three-coordinate measuring instrument, the invention provides a structural design with an ultra-precise air-floating rotating shaft, wherein a rotating platform is arranged above a vibration isolation platform, so that the two-degree-of-freedom rotation of the parts is realized, and the two-degree-of-freedom rotation is coupled with the three-degree-of-freedom linear motion of a measuring head, so that the normal contact measurement of spherical points can be realized. The measuring efficiency is effectively improved while the measurable range of the spherical surface is increased.
2. The invention selects the ultra-precise gas bearing when designing the rotary platform, and cancels the swing freedom degree of the measuring head, thereby eliminating the error caused by the swing of the measuring head on one hand, and decomposing the single long error chain of the original measuring machine into two short error chains on the other hand. Compared with the mechanical swing of a traditional three-coordinate measuring machine measuring head, the high-precision air-bearing shaft is adopted as the rotating main shaft, so that the motion error in the detection process is reduced, and the measurement precision of the measuring machine can be obviously improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a ball coordinate measuring machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the cradle-type rotating platform of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a front view of the cradle style rotating platform of the present invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names in the drawings: the method comprises the following steps of 1-rotating mechanism I, 11-bracket, 12-rotating shaft, 2-rotating mechanism II, 3-clamp, 4-working platform, 5-three-coordinate linear motion platform, 51-X direction linear motion guide rail, 52-Y direction linear motion guide rail, 53-Z direction linear motion guide rail and 6-measuring head.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
A rotary platform comprises a rotary mechanism I1, a rotary mechanism II2 and a clamp 3, wherein the rotary mechanism I1 and the rotary mechanism II2 are two sets of independent rotary driving devices; the rotating mechanism I1 comprises a bracket 11, two ends of the bracket 11 are respectively provided with a rotating shaft 12, the two rotating shafts 12 are symmetrically distributed relative to the bracket 11, one end of each rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected with the end part of the bracket 11, and the other end is rotatably connected with the working platform 4; the rotating mechanism II2 adopts a rotary working table, the bottom end of the rotary working table is arranged on the bracket 11 of the rotating mechanism I1, and the top end of the rotary working table is provided with a clamp 3; the clamp 3 is used for clamping spherical shell parts.
Two rotating shafts 12 symmetrically arranged at two ends of the support 11 share the same axis, the support 11 rotates by taking the axis as a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft of the support 11 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotary working table.
The axis of rotation of the rotary mechanism I is defined as axis of rotation I and the axis of rotation of the rotary work platform is defined as axis of rotation II. The rotating mechanism II2 can drive the spherical shell part clamp and the like to rotate around the rotating shaft II and simultaneously rotate around the rotating shaft I by the rotating mechanism I, and the two sets of rotating driving devices can independently operate and can also simultaneously operate, so that the adjusting speed of a measuring point can be increased to a great extent, and the measuring efficiency is improved.
Example 2
The spherical center position of the spherical shell part clamped by the clamp 3 is positioned at the intersection point of the rotating shaft of the bracket 11 and the rotating shaft of the rotary table.
The bracket 11 rotates by taking the axis as a rotating shaft, and the rotating angle ranges from minus 90 degrees to plus 90 degrees; the range of the rotation angle of the rotary table is 360 degrees. The rotating shaft 12 is an air-floating rotating shaft, and the concentricity error of the air-floating rotating shaft is as follows: radial 50nm and axial 20 nm; the rotary worktable adopts an air-flotation direct-driven rotary table, the rotary precision of the air-flotation direct-driven rotary table is 50 nm-100 nm, a high-precision rotary encoder is arranged as a position control guarantee, and the rotary worktable is arranged at the central position of the rotary table of the rotary mechanism 2 and can meet the high-precision requirement of a measuring machine. The clamp 3 adopts a vacuum chuck type tool, a certain amount of gas is pumped out through a vacuum source to generate vacuum negative pressure in a sealed volume formed between the vacuum chuck of the clamp 3 and the surface of the spherical shell part, so that the suction force is generated to fix the spherical shell part, the clamping deformation error is reduced, and the part measuring area is increased.
As a further optimization of the embodiment, the bracket 11 comprises a bottom plate and two side plates, and the bottom plate and the two side plates are connected to form a symmetrical U-shaped structure; the rotating mechanism II2 is arranged on the bottom plate and is positioned between the two side plates; one end of the rotating shaft 12 is installed on the outer wall of the side plate, and the other end is used for being rotatably connected with the working platform 4.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a spherical coordinate measuring machine, which comprises a three-coordinate measuring machine and a rotating platform provided in the embodiment 2, namely, a cradle type rotating platform with an ultra-precise air-floating rotating shaft is added on a traditional three-coordinate measuring machine, and the rotating platform has two rotational degrees of freedom.
The three-coordinate measuring instrument comprises a working platform 4, a three-coordinate linear motion platform 5 and a measuring head 6. The working platform 4 is a vibration isolation platform which is used for vibration isolation through structures such as rubber pads and air springs and is provided with a concave platform for fixing the rotating mechanism I1, and the vibration isolation platform is a base of the whole spherical coordinate measuring machine and is used for bearing the rotating platform and a three-coordinate linear moving platform and providing basic precision of a measuring working area. The three-coordinate linear motion platform 5 and the rotating mechanism I1 are both arranged on the working platform 4, wherein a groove is formed in the working platform 4, the bracket 11 is arranged in the groove, two side walls of the bracket 11 are rotatably connected with the inner wall of the groove through a rotating shaft 12, and a gap exists between a bottom plate of the bracket 11 and the bottom of the groove to allow the bracket 11 to rotate; the three-coordinate linear motion platform 5 comprises an X-direction linear motion guide rail 51, a Y-direction linear motion guide rail 52 and a Z-direction linear motion guide rail 53, wherein the X-direction linear motion guide rail 51, the Y-direction linear motion guide rail 52 and the Z-direction linear motion guide rail 53 are coupled into a three-dimensional linear motion mechanism, and the three-coordinate moving function of the measuring head is provided. Specifically, the fixed end of the Y-direction linear motion guide rail 52 is installed on the vibration isolation platform, the fixed end of the X-direction linear motion guide rail 51 is installed on the moving slide block of the Y-direction linear motion guide rail 52, the fixed end of the Z-direction linear motion guide rail 53 is installed on the moving slide block of the X-direction linear motion guide rail 51, the fixed measuring head 6 is installed on the moving slide block of the Z-direction linear motion guide rail 53, and the measuring head 6 is used for measuring spherical shell parts.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rotary platform is characterized by comprising a rotary mechanism I (1), a rotary mechanism II (2) and a clamp (3);
the rotating mechanism I (1) comprises a support (11), two ends of the support (11) are symmetrically provided with rotating shafts (12), and the support (11) is used for being rotatably connected with a working platform (4) of the three-coordinate measuring instrument through the two rotating shafts (12);
the rotating mechanism II (2) is arranged on the rotating mechanism I (1), and the rotating mechanism II (2) adopts a rotary worktable;
the fixture (3) is arranged on the rotary worktable, and the fixture (3) is used for clamping spherical shell parts;
the rotating shafts (12) symmetrically arranged at the two ends of the support (11) share the same axis, the support (11) rotates by taking the axis as the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft of the support (11) is perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotary workbench.
2. A rotary platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the centre of the sphere of the spherical shell part held by the clamp (3) is located at the intersection of the axis of rotation of the support (11) and the axis of rotation of the rotary table.
3. A rotary platform according to claim 1, characterised in that the carriage (11) is pivotally movable about said axis as a pivot axis through an angle in the range-90 ° to +90 °.
4. A rotary platform according to claim 1 wherein the range of rotation of the rotary table is 360 °.
5. A rotary platform according to claim 1, characterised in that the shaft (12) is an air-floating shaft and/or the rotary table is an air-floating direct-drive turntable.
6. The rotary platform according to claim 5, wherein the rotation precision of the air-floating direct-drive rotary table is 50 nm-100 nm.
7. A rotary platform according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixture (3) is a vacuum chuck type tool, and the vacuum chuck of the fixture (3) is used for fixing the spherical shell parts by negative pressure adsorption.
8. A rotary platform according to claim 1, characterized in that said support (11) comprises a bottom plate and two side plates, connected in a U-shaped configuration; the rotating mechanism II (2) is arranged on the bottom plate and is positioned between the two side plates; one end of the rotating shaft (12) is arranged on the outer wall of the side plate, and the other end of the rotating shaft is used for being rotatably connected with the working platform (4).
9. A ball coordinate measuring machine comprising a three coordinate measuring machine and a rotating platform according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A ball coordinate measuring machine according to claim 9, characterized in that the three coordinate measuring machine comprises a work platform (4), a three coordinate linear motion platform (5) and a measuring head (6); the working platform (4) is a vibration isolation platform; the three-coordinate linear motion platform (5) and the rotating mechanism I (1) are both arranged on the working platform (4); the three-coordinate linear motion platform (5) comprises an X-direction linear motion guide rail (51), a Y-direction linear motion guide rail (52) and a Z-direction linear motion guide rail (53), wherein the X-direction linear motion guide rail (51), the Y-direction linear motion guide rail (52) and the Z-direction linear motion guide rail (53) are coupled into a three-dimensional linear motion mechanism; and the measuring head (6) is arranged at the free end of the Z-direction linear guide rail (53) and is used for measuring spherical shell parts.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010904649.1A CN111879270A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Rotating platform and spherical coordinate measuring machine based on same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010904649.1A CN111879270A (en) | 2020-09-01 | 2020-09-01 | Rotating platform and spherical coordinate measuring machine based on same |
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| CN112857175A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-05-28 | 南通水木清华装饰设计工程有限公司 | Indoor decoration construction measurement lofting equipment and method thereof |
| CN112857175B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-09-21 | 南通水木清华装饰设计工程有限公司 | Indoor decoration construction measurement lofting equipment and method thereof |
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