CN111872551B - Method and device for inhibiting hump defects on back of laser welding seam - Google Patents
Method and device for inhibiting hump defects on back of laser welding seam Download PDFInfo
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- CN111872551B CN111872551B CN202010591638.2A CN202010591638A CN111872551B CN 111872551 B CN111872551 B CN 111872551B CN 202010591638 A CN202010591638 A CN 202010591638A CN 111872551 B CN111872551 B CN 111872551B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of weld defect suppression, and particularly discloses a method and a device for suppressing hump defects on the back of a laser welding weld, which comprises the following steps: during laser welding, transverse blowing airflow is additionally arranged above the molten pool, so that a pressure difference is formed between the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool due to the Bernoulli effect, the generated differential pressure acts on the molten pool, the flow of the molten pool to the back of a welding seam is inhibited, and further the generation of a hump defect on the back of the welding seam is inhibited. The device for realizing the method comprises the airflow nozzle, the upper part and the lower part of the airflow nozzle are respectively provided with an adjusting sheet, and the effective control of the airflow loading position and speed is realized by adjusting the distance between the upper adjusting sheet and the lower adjusting sheet. The method does not need auxiliary environments and equipment such as vacuum, electromagnetism and the like, can achieve the purposes of improving the stress state and the flowing behavior of the molten pool and inhibiting the generation of the hump defect only by additionally arranging the transverse blowing airflow above the molten pool, provides a simple and practical method for inhibiting the hump defect by laser welding, and can meet the actual requirements of industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of weld defect suppression, and particularly relates to a method and a device for suppressing hump defects on the back of a laser welding weld.
Background
The humpback defect on the back of the welding seam is a common defect in the laser welding process, and means that the back of the welding seam formed by laser welding is uneven and collapses intermittently, and the back of the welding seam is humped. When the hump defect is formed, the accumulation of the molten metal at the hump can cause the generation of defects such as concave, undercut and unfused welding seams, which seriously affect the performance and service life of the joint, and the hump defect of the laser welding becomes an important process obstacle for limiting the application of the hump defect.
The generation of hump defects is closely related to the stress state and the flowing behavior of the molten pool. In the laser welding process, the molten pool is subjected to dynamic actions of various forces such as gravity, melt flow impact force, plume eruption reaction force, surface tension and the like due to physical processes such as material melting, gasification and plasma transformation caused by the action of laser heat, wherein the actions of the molten pool gravity, the melt flow impact force, the plume eruption reaction force and the like can promote the molten metal to flow to the back of a welding seam, the surface tension of the back of the molten pool can prevent the molten metal from flowing to the back of the welding seam, and when the surface tension of the back of the molten pool is not enough to continuously balance the actions of the molten pool gravity, the melt flow impact force, the plume eruption reaction force and the like, the phenomenon that the molten metal flows to the back of the welding seam and is gathered and solidified can be intermittently generated, so that a hump defect is formed.
Therefore, how to effectively regulate and control the stress state and the flowing behavior of the molten pool in the welding process is the key of inhibiting the hump defect. At present, the existing humpback defect suppression method mainly comprises a vacuum auxiliary welding method and an electromagnetic auxiliary welding method: the vacuum auxiliary welding method is to carry out laser welding in a vacuum environment, under the condition, on one hand, the gravity of a molten pool is obviously reduced, on the other hand, the quantity of the photoinduced plume is greatly reduced, so that the reaction force of the photoinduced plume on the molten pool is also obviously reduced, and the combined action of the two factors inhibits the flow of the molten pool to the back of a welding seam, thereby inhibiting the generation of hump defects; the electromagnetic auxiliary welding method is characterized in that a workpiece to be welded is electrified and a magnetic field is applied to form Lorentz force acting on a molten pool, so that the deficiency of surface tension of the back surface of the molten pool is compensated, the stress balance of the molten pool is maintained, the flow of the molten pool to the back surface of a welding seam is inhibited, and further, the generation of hump defects is inhibited.
However, the vacuum auxiliary welding method needs a vacuum environment to suppress the hump defect, so that the structure and the size of a weldment are limited by the environment of a vacuum chamber, the cost is high, and the actual requirement of industrial production is difficult to meet; the electromagnetic auxiliary welding method can inhibit the hump defect only under the synergistic action of the external electric field and the magnetic field environment, has complex process and equipment and difficult control of electromagnetic output stability, and is difficult to meet the actual requirements of industrial production.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for inhibiting the hump defect on the back of a laser welding seam, aiming at achieving the purposes of improving the stress state and the flowing behavior of a molten pool and inhibiting the generation of the hump defect only by adding a transverse blowing air flow above the molten pool without vacuum, electromagnetic and other auxiliary environments and equipment through a novel method for inhibiting the hump defect by adding the transverse blowing air flow, providing a simple and practical novel method for inhibiting the hump defect by laser welding, and being suitable for the actual requirements of industrial production.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a method for suppressing a hump defect on a back surface of a laser welding bead is provided, including the steps of:
during laser welding, transverse blowing airflow is additionally arranged above the molten pool, so that a pressure difference is formed between the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool due to the Bernoulli effect, and the generated differential pressure acts on the molten pool, thereby inhibiting the flow of the molten pool to the back of a welding seam and further inhibiting the generation of a hump defect on the back of the welding seam.
Preferably, the pressure difference between the upper and lower sides of the molten bath is adjusted by controlling the position of action and the blowing speed of the lateral blow gas flow above the molten bath.
More preferably, the direction of the cross blow air flow is parallel to the welding surface of the workpiece, and the ejection speed of the cross blow air flow is not more than 150 m/s.
Further preferably, the cross-blow gas flow is compressed air, helium gas or argon gas.
According to another aspect of the invention, a device for realizing the method for inhibiting the hump defect on the back side of the laser welding seam comprises an air flow nozzle, wherein the upper part and the lower part of the air flow nozzle are respectively provided with an adjusting sheet, and the effective control of the loading position and the loading speed of the air flow is realized by adjusting the distance between the upper adjusting sheet and the lower adjusting sheet, so that the hump defect on the back side of the welding seam is inhibited.
More preferably, the distance between the upper and lower adjusting pieces before adjustment is 10mm, and the adjustable range is 0mm to 10 mm.
As a further preferred, the adjusting sheet is made of a metal material.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the method can achieve the purposes of improving the stress state and the flow behavior of the molten pool and inhibiting the generation of the hump defect by externally adding the transverse blowing airflow above the molten pool and adjusting parameters such as the loading position, the loading speed and the like of the airflow without auxiliary environments and equipment such as vacuum, electromagnetism and the like, and provides a process method with low cost, simple process, stable process, reliable quality and strong adaptability for inhibiting the hump defect by laser welding, so as to adapt to the actual requirements of industrial production and greatly improve the quality and the efficiency of the laser welding.
2. Compared with a vacuum auxiliary welding method, the method has the advantages of strong adaptability of welding structure and size, low cost and the like; compared with an electromagnetic auxiliary welding method, the method has the advantages of simple process and equipment, good controllability and the like.
3. The air flow generating device can adjust and control the blowing position and speed of the air flow, and can generate Bernoulli effect of different degrees on a molten pool so as to meet the hump defect inhibiting requirements under different welding working conditions and process conditions.
4. The adjusting sheet is made of metal materials so as to ensure the durability of the adjusting sheet; meanwhile, the distance between the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet before adjustment is set, so that the adjustable range is wider, different air flow velocities and different coverage areas are easy to form, and the hump defect suppression effect is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for suppressing hump defects on the back of a laser welding seam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for suppressing hump defects on the back surface of a laser welding seam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a right side view of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The method for inhibiting the hump defect on the back of the laser welding seam, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
during laser welding, auxiliary environments and equipment such as vacuum, electromagnetism and the like are not needed, only high-speed transverse blowing airflow is needed to be added above a molten pool, pressure difference is formed between the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool due to the Bernoulli effect (namely, when the fluid speed is accelerated, the pressure on an interface of an object in contact with the fluid is reduced, otherwise, the pressure is increased), and the generated differential pressure acts on the molten pool, so that the flowing of the molten pool to the back face of a welding seam is inhibited, and further, the generation of hump defects on the back face of the welding seam is inhibited.
Specifically, because the specific values of gravity, melt flow impact force, metal vapor recoil pressure and the like borne by the molten pool in the welding process are fluctuated and can not be measured, the air flow parameters which can ensure the stress balance of the molten pool can be found only by continuously adjusting the parameters of air flow position, speed and the like to match different welding conditions, and the generation of defects can be inhibited. The invention changes the space position, the gas flow and the nozzle area parameter of the gas flow nozzle according to the gravity, the impact force and the plume reaction force borne by the molten pool, thereby controlling the action position and the ejection speed of the transverse blowing gas flow above the molten pool, further adjusting the pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the molten pool and the differential pressure generated to the molten pool, compensating the deficiency of the surface tension of the molten pool, balancing the action of the gravity of the molten pool, the melt flow impact force, the plume eruption reaction force and the like, inhibiting the flow of the molten pool to the back of the weld joint, forming a gas flow control strategy which can meet the regulation and control requirements of the stress state and the flow behavior of the molten pool under different process conditions, and realizing the effective inhibition of the hump defect at the back of the weld joint under different process conditions.
Furthermore, the direction of the transverse blowing air flow is parallel to the welding surface of the workpiece, and the ejection speed of the transverse blowing air flow is not more than 150 m/s.
Further, the transverse blowing gas flow adopts compressed air, helium or argon.
Because the action of gravity, melt flow impact force, plume eruption reaction force and other forces on the molten pool are different under different welding conditions and process conditions, in order to ensure that the method has good working condition and process adaptability, the differential pressure generated by the Bernoulli effect of externally added high-speed transverse blowing airflow needs to have good adjustability and controllability.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, which are respectively a front view and a right view of the nozzle in fig. 1, the nozzle is square and is composed of four metal sheets, namely, four edges at the front end of the square nozzle are cut, the left metal sheet and the right metal sheet are not adjustable, the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet are adjustable, and the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet are deformed by applying external force to change the distance between the metal sheets, so as to change the area of the nozzle and the speed of gas ejection.
Further, the distance between the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet before adjustment is 10mm, the adjustable range is 0 mm-10 mm, and the design adjustment is specifically carried out according to the size of a molten pool in the actual welding process, so that different air velocity and coverage area are formed, and the hump defect suppression effect is ensured; the metal sheet can be made of steel, aluminum, copper and the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for inhibiting hump defects on the back of a laser welding seam is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when a workpiece is welded by laser, a transverse blowing air flow is additionally arranged above a molten pool through an air flow nozzle, so that a pressure difference is formed above and below the molten pool due to the Bernoulli effect, and the generated differential pressure acts on the molten pool, thereby inhibiting the flow of the molten pool to the back of a welding seam and further inhibiting the generation of a hump defect on the back of the welding seam;
the air flow nozzle is square and consists of four metal sheets, namely four edges at the front end of the square air flow nozzle are cut, the left metal sheet and the right metal sheet are not adjustable, the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet are adjustable, and the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet are deformed by applying external force to change the distance between the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet, so that the area of a nozzle and the speed of gas ejection are changed, the effective control on the air flow loading position and speed is realized, and the pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of a molten pool is adjusted;
the distance between the upper metal sheet and the lower metal sheet is 10mm before adjustment, and the adjustable range is 0 mm-10 mm.
2. The method for suppressing the hump defect on the back surface of the laser welding bead as set forth in claim 1, wherein the direction of the cross blow gas flow is parallel to the welding surface of the workpiece, and the ejection speed of the cross blow gas flow is not more than 150 m/s.
3. The method for suppressing the hump defect on the back surface of the laser welding bead as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the cross-blow gas flow uses compressed air, helium gas or argon gas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010591638.2A CN111872551B (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Method and device for inhibiting hump defects on back of laser welding seam |
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| CN202010591638.2A CN111872551B (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2020-06-24 | Method and device for inhibiting hump defects on back of laser welding seam |
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| CN111872551A CN111872551A (en) | 2020-11-03 |
| CN111872551B true CN111872551B (en) | 2022-02-15 |
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Citations (8)
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| JP2001170787A (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method of monitoring welding condition of laser beam welding |
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| CN202647775U (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-01-02 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Nozzle |
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| CN203231331U (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-10-09 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Nozzle capable of swinging laterally and adjustable in outlet area |
| CN107971632A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-05-01 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of method for laser welding for eliminating the back side and splashing |
| CN207386843U (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-05-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of fixture for laser welding with side-blown gas back of the body defencive function |
| CN110744191A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-04 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Welding device and welding method for inhibiting laser welding plume and controlling weld formation |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3042404B2 (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 2000-05-15 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Laser beam welding method |
| DE102004043111A1 (en) * | 2004-09-07 | 2006-03-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Nozzle for dispensing a flowable substance |
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2020
- 2020-06-24 CN CN202010591638.2A patent/CN111872551B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001170787A (en) * | 1999-12-14 | 2001-06-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method of monitoring welding condition of laser beam welding |
| CN1781611A (en) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-07 | 陈钧 | Multifunctional coaxial laser nozzle |
| CN202647775U (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-01-02 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Nozzle |
| CN203231331U (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2013-10-09 | 上海锅炉厂有限公司 | Nozzle capable of swinging laterally and adjustable in outlet area |
| CN103170744A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-06-26 | 深圳市大族激光科技股份有限公司 | Laser welding device and welding method |
| CN107971632A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-05-01 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | A kind of method for laser welding for eliminating the back side and splashing |
| CN207386843U (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-05-22 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | A kind of fixture for laser welding with side-blown gas back of the body defencive function |
| CN110744191A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2020-02-04 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Welding device and welding method for inhibiting laser welding plume and controlling weld formation |
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