CN103170744A - Laser welding device and welding method - Google Patents
Laser welding device and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103170744A CN103170744A CN2013101254104A CN201310125410A CN103170744A CN 103170744 A CN103170744 A CN 103170744A CN 2013101254104 A CN2013101254104 A CN 2013101254104A CN 201310125410 A CN201310125410 A CN 201310125410A CN 103170744 A CN103170744 A CN 103170744A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding device. According to the invention, the aggregating lens of a welding head is a long-focus lens, so that the welding head can be placed at a position far away from a welding pool during welding, the influence of thermal radiation of the welding pool on optical devices in the welding head can be reduced and the focus drifting of the aggregating lens is avoided; in addition, a first air blowing port of a side-blow protecting structure is capable of spraying protective gas into the welding pool during the welding and plasma above the welding pool can be blown away, so that the height of plasma flame can be reduced, the shielding effect of the plasma on laser beams is reduced and humps are avoided; and in conclusion, the laser welding device is capable of effectively improving the welding stability in a thick plate welding process. In addition, the invention also provides a welding method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser welding process, particularly relate to a kind of laser soldering device and welding method.
Background technology
The concrete applied range of laser welding technology, the advantage that efficient is high, loss is little have been widely used in plate is welded.Laser weld has welding effect preferably for the plate of thickness less (thickness is below 10 millimeters).Yet along with the increase of panel thickness, the difficulty of laser weld obviously increases.Original sheet welding method is difficult to penetrate slab (thickness is more than 14 millimeters), thereby is difficult to slab is welded, and slab penetrates a great problem that is welded into the laser weld field.In order to penetrate slab, must adopt the laser of higher-wattage that slab is welded, and the phenomenons such as focus drifting that high power laser light easily forms hump at surface of the work to be welded, splashes and produced by optics, thereby make the welding process that slab is welded unstable.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, be necessary to provide a kind of laser soldering device and welding method that can effectively improve welding stability in the thick plates process.
A kind of laser soldering device comprises:
Plumb joint can be communicated with the optical fiber of transmission laser, and described plumb joint is provided with the gathering eyeglass, laser beam outgoing after described gathering eyeglass converges, and described gathering eyeglass is the long lens sheet; And
Side-blown protection structure is located on described plumb joint rotationally, and described side-blown protection structure comprises:
Carry the air inlet pipe of protective gas;
The first inflatable mouth is positioned at the middle part of described side-blown protection structure and is communicated with described air inlet pipe, and protective gas can be from described the first inflatable mouth ejection.
Therein in embodiment; described side-blown protection structure also comprises the second inflatable mouth and the 3rd inflatable mouth; described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are symmetrically distributed in respectively the both sides of described the first inflatable mouth and are predetermined angle with described the first inflatable mouth; described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are communicated with described air inlet pipe, and protective gas can be from described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth ejection.
In embodiment, described plumb joint is the flat-face fillet weld joint, so that the incident light of laser beam is vertical with emergent light therein.
A kind of welding method comprises the following steps:
A kind of laser soldering device as described in any one in above-mentioned preferred embodiment is provided;
Described laser soldering device is placed in the surface of workpiece to be welded;
Adjust the height of described plumb joint, so that the spaced surface predeterminable range of the focus of described gathering eyeglass and described workpiece to be welded;
Described plumb joint, and moves along default welding direction with pre-set velocity forming welding pool to the surperficial outgoing laser beam of described workpiece to be welded;
Rotate described side-blown protection structure, so that described the first inflatable mouth and described workpiece to be welded is surperficial parallel, and injecting protective gas.
In embodiment, described side-blown protection structure also comprises the second inflatable mouth and the 3rd inflatable mouth therein, and described welding method also comprises:
Described the second gas outlet and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are to described welding pool injecting protective gas.
In embodiment, the outgoing laser beam of described plumb joint and the angle of described surface of the work to be welded are on-right angle therein.
In embodiment, the power of described laser beam is not less than 15000 watts therein, and the translational speed of joint is that 0.3-1.2 rice is per minute, the opposite direction of described welding direction and described the first inflatable mouth injecting protective gas.
In embodiment, described protective gas is nitrogen therein, and in described the first inflatable mouth, described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth, the flow velocity of nitrogen is the 15-30 Liter Per Minute.
Therein in embodiment, before the step of the described surface that described laser soldering device is placed in workpiece to be welded, described welding method also comprises:
Cleaning is carried out on surface to described workpiece to be welded.
In embodiment, described method also comprises therein:
Welding effect is tested, and adjusted parameters according to described welding effect.
Above-mentioned laser soldering device and welding method, because the gathering eyeglass of plumb joint is the long lens sheet, therefore when welding, plumb joint can be placed in the position away from from welding pool, thereby can reduce the molten bath heat radiation for the impact of optics in plumb joint, avoid assembling eyeglass and produce focus drifting.In addition; the first inflatable mouth of side-blown protection structure to the welding pool injecting protective gas, can dispel the plasma of top, molten bath when welding, thereby can reduce the height of plasma flame; reduce the shielding action of plasma to laser beam, and then avoided producing hump.In sum, above-mentioned laser soldering device and welding method can effectively improve the welding stability in the thick plates process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of laser soldering device in the invention preferred embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of side-blown protection structure in laser soldering device shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the schematic flow sheet of welding method in an embodiment.
The specific embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, the below is described more fully the present invention with reference to relevant drawings.Provided preferred embodiment of the present invention in accompanying drawing.But the present invention can realize in many different forms, is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, provide the purpose of these embodiment be make the understanding of disclosure of the present invention more comprehensively thorough.
Need to prove, when element is called as " being fixed in " another element, can directly can there be element placed in the middle in it on another element or also.When an element is considered to " connection " another element, it can be directly connected to another element or may have simultaneously centering elements.
Unless otherwise defined, all technology of using of this paper and scientific terminology are with to belong to the implication that those skilled in the art of the present invention understand usually identical.The term that uses in specification of the present invention herein is not intended to be restriction the present invention just in order to describe the purpose of specific embodiment.Term as used herein " and/or " comprise one or more relevant Listed Items arbitrarily with all combinations.
See also Fig. 1, the laser soldering device 100 in preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises plumb joint 110, mounting bracket 120 and side-blown protection structure 130.
In the present embodiment, plumb joint 110 is the flat-face fillet weld joint.Concrete, the laser beam that comes from Optical Fiber Transmission through the reflection of speculum 90 degree after from plumb joint 110 outgoing.Therefore, not transmission of the laser beam spectroscope that transmits from optical fiber can be made, but by mirror reflects, eyeglass can be reduced like this to the absorption of laser, the focus drifting of avoiding plumb joint 110 interior lens overheating deformings to cause.
See also Fig. 2, side-blown protection structure 130 is located on plumb joint 110 rotationally.Specifically in the present embodiment, side-blown protection structure 130 is installed on mounting bracket 120.Mounting bracket 120 is fixed on plumb joint 110.It is pointed out that in other embodiments, mounting bracket 120 can omit, and the protection structure 130 that will blow side directly is installed on plumb joint 110.Blow side by rotation and protect structure 130, adjustable side is blown the angle between protection structure 130 and plumb joint 110.Side-blown protection structure 130 comprises air inlet pipe 131, the first inflatable mouth 133, the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137.
Air inlet pipe 131 can with the pipeline communication of carrying protective gas, for delivery of protective gas.
The first inflatable mouth 133 is positioned at the middle part of side-blown protection structure 130 and is communicated with air inlet pipe 131.Protective gas can enter air inlet pipe 131 by pipeline, and from the first inflatable mouth 133 ejections.The second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137 are symmetrically distributed in the both sides of the first inflatable mouth 133 and are predetermined angle with the first inflatable mouth 133.The second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137 are communicated with air inlet pipe 131, and protective gas can enter air inlet pipe 131 by pipeline, and from the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137 ejections.
When welding, the first inflatable mouth 133 can dispel the plasma of surface of the work to be welded, thus the plasma effect that produces when weakening the workpiece welding.Therefore, the laser beam subject plasma shielding that is used for welding is less, thereby avoids producing the hump phenomenon.The second inflatable mouth 135 can blow protective gas from two side direction welding pools.Therefore, protective gas can be kept the formation layer protective layer in the molten bath of workpiece to be welded, thereby avoids workpiece to be welded oxidized under the condition of high temperature.
It is pointed out that in other embodiments, the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137 can omit.In when welding, can be by external protective gas injection apparatus in welding pool position injecting protective gas, to form the protective layer of preventing oxidation.
In addition, the present invention also provides a kind of welding method.For realizing this welding method, it adopts above-mentioned laser soldering device 100.
See also Fig. 3, the welding method in preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises step S110～S140:
Step S110 is placed in laser soldering device 100 surface of workpiece to be welded.
Concrete, need before welding first workpiece level to be welded to be placed.Again laser soldering device 100 is placed in the surface of workpiece to be welded.And, make plumb joint 110 aim at the surface of workpiece to be welded.
In the present embodiment, before above-mentioned steps S110, above-mentioned welding method also comprises: cleaning is carried out on the surface for the treatment of welding work pieces.May there be some other impurity such as dust due to surface of the work, may make the welding position crackle, pore etc. occur during welding.The surface of therefore, treating welding work pieces before welding is cleaned and can be improved welding effect.
Step S120 adjusts the height of plumb joint 110, so that assemble the focus of eyeglass 111 and the spaced surface predeterminable range of workpiece to be welded.
Concrete, assemble the focus of eyeglass 111 and the spaced surface predeterminable range of workpiece to be welded, namely have default defocusing amount in welding process.Defocusing amount be exactly focus from the distance between working substance, the impact of defocusing amount welding quality is very large.Because the laser beam that adopts in the process of welding slab is high-power.Therefore, the power density of laser beam foucing place spot center is too high, thereby easily makes the liquid that melts in the molten bath produce and splash.In the present embodiment, the power according to laser beam is arranged on predeterminable range in a big way.Therefore, when laser beam irradiation arrives surface of the work to be welded, facula area is larger, and laser power density distributes relatively even, thereby effectively avoids splashing.
In the present embodiment, plumb joint 110 is on-right angle with the angle of surface of the work to be welded.During perpendicular to workpiece to be welded surperficial, the molten bath is reflective the most obvious when plumb joint 110, and too much heat radiation causes the optical element thermal deformation in plumb joint 110, and then affects welding stability.Make plumb joint 110 inclination certain angles, can reduce the molten bath heat radiation for the energy that affects of assembling eyeglass 111, thereby can effectively prevent the laser spot drift, improve the stability of welding process.
Step S130, plumb joint 110, and move along default welding direction with pre-set velocity forming welding pool to the surperficial outgoing laser beam of workpiece to be welded.
In the present embodiment, the power of laser beam is not less than 15000 watts.Because being welds the larger plate of thickness, therefore, need high-power laser beam to penetrate plate.Further, the translational speed of plumb joint 110 is that 0.3-1.2 rice is per minute.Concrete, when the thickness of sheet material was 14 millimeters, 1.2 meters of the translational speeds of plumb joint 110 were per minute.Therefore, laser beam can fully weld workpiece to be welded.It is pointed out that in other embodiments, can adjust the parameter of laser beam according to thickness and other conditions of plate.
Step S140, rotation side-blown protection structure 130, so that the first inflatable mouth 133 and workpiece to be welded is surperficial parallel, and injecting protective gas.
Concrete, the first inflatable mouth 133 can dispel the plasma gas of surface of the work to be welded, produces plasma effect thereby weaken on the surface of workpiece to be welded.Therefore, the laser beam subject plasma impact that is used for welding is less, thereby avoids producing the hump phenomenon.
In the present embodiment, side-blown protection structure 130 comprises that also the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137, the second inflatable mouths 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137 are to the welding pool injecting protective gas.Be symmetrically distributed in the both sides of the first inflatable mouth 133 due to the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137.Therefore, protective gas can coat from two side direction welding pools, thereby keeps the formation layer protective layer in the molten bath of workpiece to be welded, and then avoids workpiece to be welded oxidized under the condition of high temperature.
In the present embodiment, protective gas is nitrogen.In the welding process of slab, because plate is thicker, the inner pore that easily produces adopts nitrogen can effectively avoid pore to produce as protective gas, thereby improves welding effect.Further, in the first inflatable mouth 133, the second inflatable mouth 135 and the 3rd inflatable mouth 137, the flow velocity of nitrogen is the 15-30 Liter Per Minute.Concrete, when the thickness of sheet material was 14 millimeters, the flow velocity of nitrogen was 20 Liter Per Minutes.
Further, in the present embodiment, the opposite direction of welding direction and the first inflatable mouth 133 injecting protective gas.Therefore, the surface of the work of welding can not be subjected to the impact of weld fumes, guarantees welding quality.
In the present embodiment, above-mentioned welding method also comprises: welding effect is tested, and adjusted parameters according to welding effect.
Concrete, can detect welding effect in real time in welding process.For example, if laser beam is difficult to penetrate workpiece to be welded, increases the power of laser beam or reduce the translational speed of plumb joint.If the surface at workpiece to be welded produces hump, increase accordingly the flow velocity of protective gas in the first inflatable mouth 133, and adjust the position of the first inflatable mouth 133.If produce and to splash greatlyr, height that can corresponding adjustment plumb joint 110 is so that assemble the focus of eyeglass 111 and the distance increase of the spaced surface of workpiece to be welded.Therefore, by adjusting, can reach best welding effect.
Above-mentioned welding method, in when welding, plumb joint 110 can be placed in the position away from from welding pool, thereby can reduce the molten bath heat radiation for the impact of optics in plumb joint 110, avoids assembling eyeglass 111 and produces focus driftings.In addition; the first inflatable mouth 133 of side-blown protection structure 130 to the welding pool injecting protective gas, can dispel the plasma of top, molten bath when welding, thereby can reduce the height of plasma flame; reduce the shielding action of plasma to laser beam, and then avoided producing hump.In sum, above-mentioned welding method can effectively improve the welding stability in the thick plates process.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (10)
1. a laser soldering device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Plumb joint can be communicated with the optical fiber of transmission laser, and described plumb joint is provided with the gathering eyeglass, laser beam outgoing after described gathering eyeglass converges, and described gathering eyeglass is the long lens sheet; And
Side-blown protection structure is located on described plumb joint rotationally, and described side-blown protection structure comprises:
Carry the air inlet pipe of protective gas;
The first inflatable mouth is positioned at the middle part of described side-blown protection structure and is communicated with described air inlet pipe, and protective gas can be from described the first inflatable mouth ejection.
2. laser soldering device according to claim 1; it is characterized in that; described side-blown protection structure also comprises the second inflatable mouth and the 3rd inflatable mouth; described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are symmetrically distributed in respectively the both sides of described the first inflatable mouth and are predetermined angle with described the first inflatable mouth; described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are communicated with described air inlet pipe, and protective gas can be from described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth ejection.
3. laser soldering device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described plumb joint is the flat-face fillet weld joint, so that the incident light of laser beam is vertical with emergent light.
4. a welding method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Provide a kind of as the described laser soldering device of above-mentioned claim 1～3 any one;
Described laser soldering device is placed in the surface of workpiece to be welded;
Adjust the height of described plumb joint, so that the spaced surface predeterminable range of the focus of described gathering eyeglass and described workpiece to be welded;
Described plumb joint, and moves along default welding direction with pre-set velocity forming welding pool to the surperficial outgoing laser beam of described workpiece to be welded;
Rotate described side-blown protection structure, so that described the first inflatable mouth and described workpiece to be welded is surperficial parallel, and injecting protective gas.
5. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described side-blown protection structure also comprises the second inflatable mouth and the 3rd inflatable mouth, and described welding method also comprises:
Described the second gas outlet and described the 3rd inflatable mouth are to described welding pool injecting protective gas.
6. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the outgoing laser beam of described plumb joint and the angle of described surface of the work to be welded are on-right angle.
7. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the power of described laser beam is not less than 15000 watts, and the translational speed of joint is that 0.3-1.2 rice is per minute, the opposite direction of described welding direction and described the first inflatable mouth injecting protective gas.
8. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described protective gas is nitrogen, and in described the first inflatable mouth, described the second inflatable mouth and described the 3rd inflatable mouth, the flow velocity of nitrogen is the 15-30 Liter Per Minute.
9. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, before the step of the described surface that described laser soldering device is placed in workpiece to be welded, described welding method also comprises:
Cleaning is carried out on surface to described workpiece to be welded.
10. welding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Welding effect is tested, and adjusted parameters according to described welding effect.
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Cited By (22)
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| CN103464897A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-25 | 张家港市恒运新材料科技有限公司 | Inert gas protecting device for laser welding machine |
| CN104625402A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-20 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser seam side-blown protection device, welding device and welding method |
| US20150202718A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Suppressing laser-induced plume for laser edge welding of zinc coated steels |
| CN105171236A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 洛阳鹏起实业有限公司 | Laser welding gas shielding device |
| CN105171238A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 洛阳鹏起实业有限公司 | Laser welding gas shielding device |
| CN105414756A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 苏州润昇精密机械有限公司 | Smoke purifying device for laser welding machine |
| CN105478998A (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2016-04-13 | 华南师范大学 | Multi-exhaust pipe air blowing protection device for high-power laser welding |
| CN105499804A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for controlling hole in welded joint in laser welding process |
| CN106312328A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-11 | 王爱华 | Laser cutting device |
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| CN107363404A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-11-21 | 广东正业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of laser welding apparatus and its gas system |
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| CN103464897A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-25 | 张家港市恒运新材料科技有限公司 | Inert gas protecting device for laser welding machine |
| CN104625402A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-05-20 | 大族激光科技产业集团股份有限公司 | Laser seam side-blown protection device, welding device and welding method |
| US20150202718A1 (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Suppressing laser-induced plume for laser edge welding of zinc coated steels |
| CN104801854A (en) * | 2014-01-23 | 2015-07-29 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Suppressing laser-induced plume for laser edge welding of zinc coated steels |
| CN106312328A (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2017-01-11 | 王爱华 | Laser cutting device |
| CN105171238A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 洛阳鹏起实业有限公司 | Laser welding gas shielding device |
| CN105171236A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-23 | 洛阳鹏起实业有限公司 | Laser welding gas shielding device |
| CN105414756A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 苏州润昇精密机械有限公司 | Smoke purifying device for laser welding machine |
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| CN105478998B (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2018-02-27 | 华南师范大学 | Multi coil air blowing protector for High Power Laser Welding |
| CN105499804A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-04-20 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for controlling hole in welded joint in laser welding process |
| CN106624396A (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-05-10 | 华中科技大学 | Control apparatus of weld shielding gas gas-guide tube and application thereof |
| CN107350653A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 北京工业大学 | Laser welding plumage brightness controls and molten bath guard method and device |
| CN107363404A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2017-11-21 | 广东正业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of laser welding apparatus and its gas system |
| CN107931838A (en) * | 2017-12-16 | 2018-04-20 | 洛阳鹏起实业有限公司 | Laser soldering device and its side-blown gas shielded structure, position regulating part |
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| CN108747014A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-06 | 普睿玛智能科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of laser soldering device and welding method |
| CN109128501A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2019-01-04 | 上海航天精密机械研究所 | Laser soldering device |
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| CN111872551B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2022-02-15 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for inhibiting hump defects on back of laser welding seam |
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