CN111847618B - Heavy metal wastewater treating agent using agricultural wastes as main raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heavy metal wastewater treating agent using agricultural wastes as main raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111847618B CN111847618B CN201911280804.0A CN201911280804A CN111847618B CN 111847618 B CN111847618 B CN 111847618B CN 201911280804 A CN201911280804 A CN 201911280804A CN 111847618 B CN111847618 B CN 111847618B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
- C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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Abstract
The invention provides a heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of peanut shell, 15-25 parts of corncob, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 20-30 parts of algae protein powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of organic acid, 15-20 parts of activated carbon, 20-30 parts of diatomite and 100-150 parts of water; the invention also provides a preparation method of the corresponding wastewater treatment agent, and the wastewater treatment agent can effectively remove heavy metals in industrial wastewater and improve water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of industrial wastewater treatment, in particular to a heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the industrialization degree, facilities such as factories, processing bases and the like are continuously arranged all over the country, the problem of environmental pollution is caused, a large amount of industrial wastewater is discharged everywhere and cannot be treated, if the industrial wastewater is directly discharged into rivers, the eutrophication problem is caused to water bodies if the industrial wastewater is light, heavy metal materials flow into the rivers, and the ecological environment is greatly damaged.
The industrial wastewater comprises production wastewater, production sewage and cooling water, and refers to wastewater and waste liquid generated in the industrial production process, wherein the wastewater and the waste liquid contain industrial production materials, intermediate products, byproducts and pollutants generated in the production process, which are lost along with water. The industrial wastewater has various types and complex components. For example, the electrolytic salt industrial wastewater contains mercury, the heavy metal smelting industrial wastewater contains various metals such as lead, cadmium and the like, the electroplating industrial wastewater contains various heavy metals such as cyanide, chromium and the like, the petroleum refining industrial wastewater contains phenol, the pesticide manufacturing industrial wastewater contains various pesticides and the like. Because industrial wastewater contains various toxic substances and pollutes the environment, the environment is harmful to human health, so that the industrial wastewater is developed to be comprehensively utilized and turn the harmful into the beneficial, and can be discharged after being treated by adopting corresponding purification measures according to the components and the concentration of pollutants in the wastewater.
At present, the main methods for treating industrial wastewater comprise a chemical oxidation method, an extraction method, an adsorption method, an incineration method, a catalytic oxidation method, a biochemical method and the like, but only the biochemical method has the advantages of mature process, simple equipment, high treatment capacity and low operation cost, and is also the method which is most widely applied to wastewater treatment. However, the common biochemical wastewater treatment method has poor effect or high treatment cost, is not suitable for most industrial scenes, and the used industrial wastewater treatment agent has complex components and high manufacturing cost, thereby bringing much trouble to mass factories.
Agricultural wastes including roots, stems and leaves of various crops and wastes left after being eaten by people, such as straws, peanut shells, corncobs, bagasse and the like, and wastes such as fruit peels do not have large residues due to convenient treatment, and most of the agricultural wastes which cannot be effectively treated are treated by means of incineration, so that the incineration not only has the risk of fire, but also brings smoke and the like which influence the health of people, and the agricultural wastes are not completely utilized.
‘
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of peanut shell, 15-25 parts of corncob, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 20-30 parts of algae protein powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of organic acid, 15-20 parts of activated carbon, 20-30 parts of diatomite and 100-150 parts of water.
The preferable scheme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22-28 parts of straw, 35-40 parts of peanut shell, 18-22 parts of corncob, 12-18 parts of bagasse, 20-25 parts of algae protein powder, 15-20 parts of shell powder, 15-20 parts of organic acid, 15-18 parts of activated carbon, 20-25 parts of diatomite and 120-150 parts of water.
The preferable scheme comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25 parts of straw, 40 parts of peanut shell, 20 parts of corncob, 15 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of algae protein powder, 15 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of activated carbon, 25 parts of diatomite and 150 parts of water.
As a preferred scheme, the raw materials of the algae protein powder and the shell powder are blue algae and waste shells respectively.
Preferably, the organic acid is one or two of citric acid and fulvic acid.
A method for preparing the heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following steps:
(1) Crushing the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse in a crushing device according to the mass ratio to obtain agricultural waste crushed slag; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral and freezing the algae paste, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving the product at normal temperature, centrifuging the product, and crushing the product in a crusher to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing in a crusher to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water for fully stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring until the slurry is uniform, filtering the slurry with large particles, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mesh number of the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder is 500 meshes.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring speed is 100r/min and the stirring time is 45min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stirring speed is 150r/min, and the stirring time is 60min.
The technical scheme has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the invention, all raw materials are compounded, so that all the components play roles, the components can act synergistically on the wastewater, the contents of COD, BOD, SS and the like in the industrial wastewater can be effectively reduced, compared with the conventional means, the method is more environment-friendly and energy-saving, various wastes such as straw, waste shells, blue algae and the like are effectively used, and the heavy metal substances contained in most industrial wastewater can be effectively absorbed, so that the waste is changed into valuable, and the waste is treated by the waste.
The straws, peanut shells, corn cobs and bagasse added in the invention contain a large amount of lignin and cellulose, can provide different functional groups such as amino, hydroxyl, amido, mercaptan and the like, and are combined with various heavy metal materials in industrial wastewater, so that the heavy metal materials such as lead, chromium, zinc, nickel and the like are absorbed; the shell powder and the algae protein powder can play a role of a filler and can also have an adsorption effect with heavy metal ions to further absorb heavy metal materials; the diatomite can also play a role in adsorbing heavy metals such as cadmium, and meanwhile, the diatomite can also play a role in strengthening sedimentation, adsorbing suspended matters in a water body and the like; the organic acid can improve the pH value of the water body, and the added active carbon can effectively remove COD, BOD and other substances in the water body.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
The following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, nor are the steps described to limit the order of execution. Modifications of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art in view of the prior art are also within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example one
The heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of peanut shell, 15-25 parts of corncob, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 20-30 parts of algae protein powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of organic acid, 15-20 parts of activated carbon, 20-30 parts of diatomite and 100-150 parts of water.
The method for preparing the wastewater treatment agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio, and crushing into 500 meshes to obtain crushed agricultural wastes; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral and freezing the algae paste, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving the product at normal temperature, centrifuging the product, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water, and fully stirring for 45min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 60min, filtering the slurry into large particles after the slurry is uniform, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
Example 2
The heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of peanut shell, 15-25 parts of corn cob, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 20-30 parts of algae protein powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of organic acid, 15-20 parts of activated carbon, 20-30 parts of diatomite and 100-150 parts of water.
The method for preparing the wastewater treatment agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio, and crushing to 500 meshes to obtain agricultural waste crushed slag; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, freezing, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving at normal temperature, centrifuging, and crushing in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing the product into 500 meshes to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water, and fully stirring for 45min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 60min, filtering the slurry into large particles after the slurry is uniform, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
Example 3
The heavy metal wastewater treating agent using agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of straw, 40 parts of peanut shell, 20 parts of corncob, 15 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of algae protein powder, 15 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of activated carbon, 25 parts of diatomite and 150 parts of water.
The method for preparing the wastewater treatment agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio, and crushing to 500 meshes to obtain agricultural waste crushed slag; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral and freezing the algae paste, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving the product at normal temperature, centrifuging the product, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water, and fully stirring for 45min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 60min, filtering the slurry into large particles after the slurry is uniform, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
Comparative example 1:
the heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of straw, 20 parts of corn cob, 15 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of algae protein powder, 15 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of activated carbon, 25 parts of diatomite and 150 parts of water.
The method for preparing the wastewater treatment agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio, and crushing into 500 meshes to obtain crushed agricultural wastes; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, freezing, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving at normal temperature, centrifuging, and crushing in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water, and fully stirring for 45min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 60min, filtering the slurry into large particles after the slurry is uniform, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
Comparative example 2:
the heavy metal wastewater treating agent using agricultural wastes as main raw materials comprises the following components in parts by mass: 25 parts of straw, 40 parts of peanut shell, 20 parts of corn cob, 15 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of algae protein powder, 20 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of activated carbon, 25 parts of diatomite and 150 parts of water.
The method for preparing the wastewater treatment agent comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corn cobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio, and crushing into 500 meshes to obtain crushed agricultural wastes; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, freezing, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving at normal temperature, centrifuging, and crushing in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing the product in a crusher to 500 meshes to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water, and fully stirring for 45min at the speed of 100r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring at the speed of 150r/min for 60min, filtering the slurry into large particles after the slurry is uniform, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treating agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
The results of the tests for wastewater treatment conducted in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1/2 were as follows, in which industrial wastewater taken out of the same plant at the same time was put into industrial wastewater of the same quality with the same quality of the treating agent, and the results of the tests for industrial wastewater measurement were as follows
From the above table, the wastewater treatment agent prepared by the present invention can effectively improve the water body of industrial wastewater, remove COD/BOD and suspended matter, and effectively remove heavy metal materials in the industrial wastewater by adding various agricultural wastes.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for preparing a heavy metal wastewater treating agent using agricultural wastes as main raw materials, which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass: 20-30 parts of straw, 30-40 parts of peanut shell, 15-25 parts of corncob, 10-20 parts of bagasse, 20-30 parts of algae protein powder, 10-20 parts of shell powder, 10-20 parts of organic acid, 15-20 parts of activated carbon, 20-30 parts of diatomite and 100-150 parts of water;
the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws, the peanut shells, the corncobs and the bagasse into a crushing device according to the mass ratio for crushing treatment to obtain agricultural waste crushed slag; selecting cleaned algae, concentrating and dehydrating the algae to obtain algae paste, dehydrating the algae paste, adjusting the pH value to be neutral and freezing the algae paste, taking out a product subjected to freezing treatment, dissolving the product at normal temperature, centrifuging the product, and crushing the product in a crusher to obtain algae protein powder; crushing the cleaned waste shells, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, hydrolyzing, centrifuging the product at a high speed, adding a proper amount of ammonium persulfate, performing ultrasonic oscillation, freeze-drying, and crushing in a crusher to obtain shell powder; mixing the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder to obtain mixed powder;
(2) Slowly pouring the mixed powder prepared in the step (1) into a stirring device with preset water for fully stirring to obtain mixed slurry;
(3) And (3) heating the mixed slurry obtained in the step (2) to 60 ℃, sequentially adding diatomite, organic acid and activated carbon, continuously stirring until the slurry is uniform, filtering the slurry with large particles, introducing the filtered slurry into a granulator for granulation, and drying to obtain the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent taking agricultural wastes as main raw materials.
2. The method for treating a heavy metal wastewater using agricultural waste as a main raw material according to claim 1, comprising the following components in terms of mass components: 22-28 parts of straw, 35-40 parts of peanut shell, 18-22 parts of corncob, 12-18 parts of bagasse, 20-25 parts of algae protein powder, 15-20 parts of shell powder, 15-20 parts of organic acid, 15-18 parts of activated carbon, 20-25 parts of diatomite and 120-150 parts of water.
3. The method for treating a heavy metal wastewater using agricultural waste as a main raw material according to claim 1, comprising the following components in terms of mass components: 25 parts of straw, 40 parts of peanut shell, 20 parts of corncob, 15 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of algae protein powder, 15 parts of shell powder, 20 parts of organic acid, 20 parts of activated carbon, 25 parts of diatomite and 150 parts of water.
4. The method for preparing the heavy metal wastewater treatment agent by using the agricultural wastes as the main raw materials according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the algae protein powder and the shell powder are blue algae and waste shells respectively.
5. The method for treating the heavy metal wastewater by using the agricultural waste as the main raw material according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is one or both of citric acid and fulvic acid.
6. The method for treating the heavy metal wastewater by using the agricultural waste as the main raw material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mesh numbers of the agricultural waste slag, the algae protein powder and the shell powder are all 500 meshes.
7. The method for treating a heavy metal wastewater using agricultural waste as a main raw material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the stirring speed is 100r/min and the stirring time is 45min.
8. The method for treating a heavy metal wastewater using agricultural waste as a main raw material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the stirring speed is 150r/min and the stirring time is 60min.
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