CN111814346B - Associated multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method for fire fighting system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a correlated multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method for a fire fighting system, which covers a plurality of factors related to escape success rate according to behavior characteristics of evacuees and considers the correlation among the factors, and comprises the following steps: the fire source temperature and the system time have positive correlation; the escape decision time of the personnel and the distance between the personnel position and the fire point have positive correlation; the accuracy of the escape route selection of the personnel and the distance between the position of the personnel and the fire point have positive correlation. The simulation result of the evaluation method of the invention shows that the invention can improve the cognition on the objective law of fire escape and provide beneficial reference for the architecture design of the intelligent fire-fighting system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of computer artificial intelligence, and particularly relates to a correlated multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method for a fire protection system.
Background
Fire is an important risk challenge facing modern cities, and crowd injury fire accidents in high-density residential areas continue to evolve. In order to save lives, urban residences and offices are generally provided with fire protection systems, and the core goal of the fire protection systems is to improve the escape success rate of people suffering from disasters in a fire scene. In order to achieve the core goal of improving the escape success rate, the influence of each element of the fire protection system on the escape success rate must be further understood, which needs to establish a fire escape evaluation model and guide the design of the fire protection system by using the conclusion obtained in the model simulation.
The existing fire escape evaluation model does not consider the influence of behavior characteristics of escape personnel in a fire scene on the escape success rate, and also does not consider the actual situation that the parameters of the evaluation model are associated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a related multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method for a fire protection system. By adopting the method, the optimization of the fire fighting system on the escape path can be improved.
The invention provides a related multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps (as shown in figure 1):
1) carrying out initial assignment according to actual conditions such as building structures, fire properties, personnel characteristics and the like;
2) calculating the actual escape route length of the nth person (N is 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene as L3(n) and optimized escape route length L thereof2The ratio of (n) is R (n), i.e. R (n) ═ L3(n)/L2(n), R (n) and the distance L between the person's location and the point of fire1(n) has a positive correlation, R (n) can be written as L1(n) power series form;
3) according to the fact that the escape decision time of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is T (N), the escape speed of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is V (N), the time Z (N) required by the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene to reach the ignition point is calculated, and the time required by the nth person is Z (N) ═ T (N) + L2(n)*R(n)/V(n)；
4) Calculating the value of a fire source function H (Z (N)) when the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) reaches the fire point (t ═ Z (N)), H (t)) and the system time t have positive correlation, and H (t) can be written in a power series form of t;
5) the value of the fire extinguishing agent cooling function M (z (N)) ═ k (raylpdf (z (N)) -b, p) + M when the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene reaches the fire point (t ═ z (N)), where raylpdf stands for the normalized rayleigh distribution function and b is the fire extinguishing agent release time (unit: minutes), k is the cooling effect of the fire extinguishing agent (unit: degrees celsius), p is the length of time the fire extinguishing agent is released (unit: minutes), m is the cooling effect of the uniform spray (unit: degrees celsius);
6) calculating a fire scene temperature function F (t) when the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) reaches the fire point (t ═ Z (N)), namely: f (z (n)) ═ H (z (n)) -M (z (n));
7) comparing a fire scene temperature function F (Z (N)) with a physiological tolerance degree D (N) when the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) reaches the fire point in the fire scene (t ═ Z (N))), and judging that the escape is successful if D (N)) > F (Z (N)); otherwise, judging that the escape fails;
8) the above calculation is carried out on all N persons in the fire scene, so that the escape result (success or failure) of each person can be obtained, and the total escape success rate S of the N persons can be obtained.
The specific parameters involved in the invention are set as follows:
the position coordinates of the fire place are taken as the system origin; the system time is t, the fire time is t-0, the number of people is N, (N-1, 2,3, … N).
The fire source function is H (t) (unit: degree centigrade); considering the appearance of the increasing temperature of the fire scene along with the time, the value of the fire source function H (t) has positive correlation with the system time, and H (t) can be expressed in a power series form of the time t.
The distance (not a straight line) from the ignition point of the nth person (N is 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is L1(n) (unit: meter).
The escape decision time of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is T (N) (unit: minutes); because in the fire scene, the escape decision time T (n) of the evacuee and the distance L of the distance from the evacuee's position to the point of fire1(n) has a positive correlation, and T (n) can be written as L1(n) power series form.
The length of an optimized escape route (an escape route safely available in a fire scene) of the nth person (N is 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is L2(n) (unit: meter).
When the nth person (N is 1,2,3, … N) in a fire scene selects an escape route, an error may occur, and the actual escape route length is L3(n) (unit: meter). The actual escape route length of the nth person (N is 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is L3(n) and optimized escape route length L thereof2The ratio of (n) is R (n), i.e. R (n) ═ L3(n)/L2(n)。
Because in the fire scene, R (n) representing the accuracy of the escape route selection of the personnel and the distance L between the position of the personnel and the ignition point1(n) has a positive correlation, R (n) can be written as L1(n) power series form.
The escape speed of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is V (N) (unit: meter/minute)). The escape time of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene is Z (N) (unit: min), Z (N) ═ T (N) + L3(n)/V(n)＝T(n)+L2(n)*R(n)/V(n)。
The physiological tolerance of the nth person (N ═ 1,2,3, … N) in the fire scene to the temperature of the fire scene was d (N) (units: degrees celsius); the fire extinguishing agent temperature reduction function is written as M (t) (unit: centigrade), the effect of the fire extinguishing agent is described by Rayleigh function in consideration of asymmetric effect of the fire extinguishing agent release in time, namely M (t) ═ k raylpdf (t-b, p) + m, wherein rayleigh pdf represents normalized Rayleigh distribution function, b is fire extinguishing agent release time (unit: minute), k is fire extinguishing agent temperature reduction effect (unit: centigrade), p is fire extinguishing agent release time (unit: minute), m is uniform spray temperature reduction effect (unit: centigrade), and fire field temperature function F (t) ═ H (t) — M (t) (unit: centigrade) indicates actual temperature of the fire field under the dual action of the fire source and the fire extinguishing agent;
and performing the calculation on all N persons in the fire scene to obtain the escape result of each person, and further obtaining the total escape success rate of the N persons as S.
The invention has the technical characteristics that:
the related multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method takes the following factors into consideration: the fire-fighting method comprises the steps of fire-starting position, system time, fire-starting time, fire source, personnel number, personnel escape decision-making time, personnel position, personnel optimized escape route length, personnel actual escape route length, personnel escape speed, personnel escape duration, personnel fire physiological tolerance degree, fire extinguishing agent cooling, fire scene temperature, overall escape success rate and the like. Wherein, the fire source temperature and the system time have positive correlation; the escape decision time of the personnel and the distance between the personnel position and the fire point have positive correlation; the accuracy of the escape route selection of the personnel and the distance between the position of the personnel and the fire point have positive correlation. The simulation result of the evaluation method of the invention shows that the invention can improve the cognition on the objective law of fire escape and provide beneficial reference for the architecture design of the intelligent fire-fighting system.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a related multi-parameter fire escape assessment method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation result showing the influence of h and V on the escape success rate S according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the influence of h and D on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the influence of h and f on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the influence of h and m on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the influence of h and b on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the influence of h and p on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows the influence of h and q on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows the influence of h and a on the escape success rate S by using the simulation result of the present invention;
fig. 10 shows the influence of h and c on the escape success rate S using the simulation result of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It is noted that the disclosed embodiments are intended to aid in further understanding of the invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and appended claims. Therefore, the invention should not be limited to the embodiments disclosed, but the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
The following illustrates an embodiment of a method for correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment for fire protection system design.
According to the practical conditions of building structure, fire behavior, personnel characteristics and the like, the function H (t), the parameter N and the function L are subjected to1(n), function T (n), function L2(n), function R (n), function V (n), function D (n), function M (t) are initially assigned.
The system time of the simulation is set as t, the time of fire is set as t 0, t is set as minutes, and the simulation period is set as 60 minutes.
The number of people in the fire scene is 100, and N is 100;
h (t) can be set to a simple quadratic form, i.e.: h (t) ═ h ═ t, in degrees celsius, h is a constant, indicating the intensity of the fire source, and h ranges from h to [0.025, 1 ].
To represent different locations of different persons, L1(n) in simple linear form, setting L1(n) f n, m, f is a constant, f is in the range of [0.1, 2 ═ n]。
To simplify the simulation, L is set2(n)＝L1(n)；
The degree of physiological tolerance to fire temperatures is D (n) set as a constant independent of n, in degrees celsius, and D ranges from D to [50, 100 ].
The escape decision time adopts a simple linear form, and T (n) ═ a L1(n) + q in minutes, a and q are constants, a ═ 0, 1]，q＝[0.1，5]。
The escape speed is V (n) and is set as a constant independent of n, with the unit being meter/minute and V being in the range of 25, 75.
The function r (n) is a dimensionless unit-free ratio function, in a simple linear form, where r (n) is 1+ c n, c is a constant, and c is a value range [0, 0.01 ].
The temperature-reducing function M (t) k is raylpdf (t-b, p) + m, the unit is centigrade, wherein raylpdf stands for normalized rayleigh distribution function, b is fire-extinguishing agent release time (unit: min), is constant, the value range is [0, 20], k is fire-extinguishing agent temperature-reducing effect (unit: centigrade), is constant, the value is 40, p is fire-extinguishing agent release time (unit: min), is constant, the value range p is [0.025, 1], m is uniform spray temperature-reducing effect (unit: centigrade), is constant, and the value range m is [0, 4 ].
As shown in fig. 2 to fig. 10, the simulation results of the escape evaluation model show that to improve the escape success rate S, the following guidelines can be adopted:
first, reducing the fire source function H (t) (reducing combustible material applications), i.e., reducing the number of combustible materials used in the processHigh escape speed V (reducing obstacles in escape passage and increasing running speed), high escape person tolerance D (increasing suggested personal protection equipment), and shortened escape distance L1(n) (increasing the number of escape exits), and increasing the coefficient M in the temperature reduction function M of the fire extinguishing agent (increasing the uniform water spraying dosage).
Secondly, the escape success rate S shows high sensitivity to parameters b and p (namely, the release time and the release duration of the fire extinguishing agent) in a specific range in the fire extinguishing agent cooling function M, and the escape rate can be obviously improved by optimizing the parameters b and p.
Thirdly, the relationship between the escape decision time function T (n) (namely, people far away from the fire point can also quickly make an escape decision) and the escape success rate is reduced to present a strong nonlinear relationship; the escape decision time function T can obviously improve the escape success rate S.
Fourthly, the detour function R (n) is reduced (namely, people far away from the fire point can accurately select the escape route), so that the escape success rate S can be obviously improved.
The simulation result of the evaluation method can improve the cognition on the objective law of fire escape and provide beneficial reference for the architecture design of an intelligent fire-fighting system.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments, using the methods and techniques disclosed above, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention are departed.
Claims (8)
1. A related multi-parameter fire escape evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out initial assignment according to the actual conditions of the building structure, the fire behavior and the personnel characteristics;
2) calculating the actual escape route length of the nth person in the fire scene to be L3(n) and optimized escape route length L thereof2The ratio of (n) is R (n), i.e. R (n) = L3(n)/L2(n), R (n) is L1(n) power series form;
3) according to the condition that the escape decision time of the nth person in the fire scene is T (n), the escape speed of the nth person in the fire scene is V (n), the time Z (n) required by the nth person in the fire scene to reach the fire point is calculated, and Z (n) = T (n) + L2(n) R (n)/V (n), T (n) is L1(n) power series form;
4) the system time is t, the fire time is t =0, and the fire source function H (t) istComputing the value of the fire source function H (Z (n)) when the nth person in the fire scene reaches the fire point;
5) calculating M (Z (n)) when the nth person in the fire scene reaches the fire point, wherein M (Z (n)) = k raylpdf (Z (n) -b, p) + M, wherein raylpdf represents a normalized rayleigh distribution function, b is the fire extinguishing agent release time, k is the cooling effect of the fire extinguishing agent, p is the fire extinguishing agent release time length, and M is the cooling effect of the uniform spray;
6) calculating a fire scene temperature function F (Z (n)) = H (Z (n)) -M (Z (n))) when the nth person reaches the fire point in the fire scene;
7) comparing the fire scene temperature function F (Z (n)) with the physiological tolerance degree D (n), and if D (n) > F (Z (n)), judging that the escape is successful; otherwise, judging that the escape fails;
8) and performing the calculation on all N persons in the fire scene to obtain the escape result of each person, and further obtaining the total escape success rate S of the N persons.
2. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method of claim 1, wherein said L is1(n) in linear form, setting L1(n) = f n, unit is meter, f is constant, f value range f = [0.1, 2]。
3. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method according to claim 1, wherein h (t) is set to a quadratic function form, i.e. h (t) = h _ t, in degrees celsius, h is a constant, and h is in a range of h = [0.025, 1 ].
4. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method of claim 1, wherein said escape decision time t (n) is in linear form, t (n) = a × L1(n) + q in minutes, a and q are constants, a = [0, 1 = [ q ])]，q=[0.1，5]。
5. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method according to claim 1, wherein said physiological tolerance level D (n) is set to a constant independent of n in degrees celsius and D ranges from D = [50, 100 ].
6. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method according to claim 1, wherein said escape speed V (n) is set to be a constant independent of n in meters per minute, and V is in the range of V = [25, 75 ].
7. The correlated multi-parameter fire escape assessment method according to claim 1, wherein r (n) is a ratio function in dimensionless units, in a simple linear form, and r (n) =1+ c × n, c is a constant, and the range c = [0, 0.01 ].
8. The correlated multiparameter fire escape evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing agent release time b is constant and ranges = [0, 20], the cooling effect k of the fire extinguishing agent is constant and ranges 40, the fire extinguishing agent release time p is constant and ranges p = [0.025, 1], the cooling effect m of the uniform spray is constant and the ranges m = [0, 4 ].
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| CN103394171A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-20 | 重庆大学 | Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system |
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| CN105688344A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-22 | 同济大学 | Method and device of escaping from fire in building |
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| US10145699B2 (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-12-04 | The Boeing Company | System and methods for real-time escape route planning for fire fighting and natural disasters |
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| CN103394171A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2013-11-20 | 重庆大学 | Large high-rise building indoor fire urgent evacuation indication escape method and system |
| CN104239636A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2014-12-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Fire emergency evacuation simulation method |
| CN105688344A (en) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-22 | 同济大学 | Method and device of escaping from fire in building |
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