CN111807451A - Device and method for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to surrounding water body - Google Patents
Device and method for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to surrounding water body Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
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- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
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- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/105—Phosphorus compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/38—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/007—Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/18—PO4-P
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting on peripheral water bodies. The device can effectively improve the water quality of the water around the lake and reservoir desilting area, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the lake and reservoir desilting on the water quality of the water around, can be widely used for in-situ treatment of the polluted water in the lake and reservoir desilting area, can realize effective removal of various pollutants (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants) in the water, has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low cost, good treatment effect and the like, and has very important significance for effectively reducing the pollution of the lake and reservoir desilting on the water around.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water environment treatment, and relates to a device and a method for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting on peripheral water.
Background
With the rapid development of economy in China, water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and the like are polluted and damaged to different degrees. The water body bottom mud (also called silt) mainly comes from silt, terrestrial animal and plant residues, pollutants, aquatic animal and plant residues and the like carried by surface runoff and is precipitated and formed under the combined action of various factors of a water environment. The bottom sludge can not only silt up lakes and reservoirs and reduce the flood regulation and storage capacity of the lakes and reservoirs, but also release nutrient salts, heavy metals and organic pollutants to the water body, which becomes the endogenous pollution of the water body and brings serious threats to the ecological safety of water supply.
The dredging is an effective measure for solving endogenous pollution of the water body. However, sediment disturbance is generated by dredging, so that nutritive salt and pollutants in the sediment are often released into a water body, water quality of a surrounding water area is deteriorated, water pollution and water use crisis are caused, and the bottleneck limiting dredging engineering and black and odorous water body restoration is formed.
In order to reduce the water quality deterioration of peripheral water bodies caused by bottom mud disturbance in the dredging process, the environment-friendly cutter suction type dredging is mainly adopted at present, the method can reduce the leakage and the diffusion of the bottom mud to a certain extent, the disturbance to the bottom mud is relatively small, and therefore the pollution of the dredging to the peripheral water bodies is reduced; however, the method can not completely avoid disturbance to the sediment, can still cause pollution to surrounding water bodies, has high cost compared with other dredging methods, has requirements on water level, and can only dredge a thin sediment layer.
In addition, as a big agricultural country, China can generate a large amount of agricultural straws and livestock and poultry manure every year, but at present, the agricultural straws are mostly left unused and wasted or are burned on the spot, so that not only is the soil fertility easy to decline, but also a serious environmental problem is generated. For example, in the agricultural harvesting season every year, the air quality is rapidly reduced due to the massive burning of the straws, and meanwhile, the airport and the highway are closed due to the covering of smoke, so that a plurality of adverse effects are brought to social production and life; the excrement of the livestock and poultry is also discharged randomly, which causes a series of environmental and sanitary problems. The efficient disposal and resource utilization of agricultural straws and livestock and poultry manure also become the focus of attention of all social circles.
With the development of science and technology, researchers successfully prepare cheap biochar with high adsorption efficiency by using anoxic pyrolysis of biomass materials, and the adsorption capacity of the biochar is 2-3 times that of activated carbon. The application to water pollution control not only solves the problem of water pollution, but also realizes the resource utilization of biomass waste. The agricultural straw and the livestock and poultry manure are high-quality biomass materials, which provides possibility for solving the problems. The biochar has better adsorption efficiency on various pollutants, but the adsorption efficiency on phosphorus needs to be further improved. Meanwhile, in order to improve the adsorption efficiency of the biochar on phosphorus, the currently adopted new technology is high-temperature pyrolysis after aluminum salt or ferric salt is added into the raw biochar material, although the technology improves the adsorption efficiency (especially the adsorption efficiency on phosphorus) of the biochar to a certain extent, the microporous structure of the biomass material before carbonization is limited, and the capacity of loading metal ions is not strong; meanwhile, in order to improve the adsorption capacity of the biochar, acid or alkali activation is generally performed, and after the biochar prepared by the prior art is activated by acid or alkali, partial loaded metal ions can be subjected to reactions such as replacement, precipitation, desorption and the like to be separated from the biochar, so that the metal ion loading capacity and the adsorption effect are reduced. Therefore, how to obtain the modified biochar with high metal ion loading and good adsorption performance has very important significance for effectively reducing the pollution of lake and reservoir desilting on surrounding water bodies.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a device and a method capable of effectively reducing pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to peripheral water bodies.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies comprises a reticular hanging piece used for surrounding the water bodies around the sediment removal area of the lake sediment; a plurality of mesh bags are hung on the mesh-shaped hanging piece, and modified biochar is filled in the mesh bags; the modified biochar is prepared by carrying out acid treatment, alkali treatment and metal salt modification on biochar.
The device for reducing the pollution of lake reservoir dredging to peripheral water bodies is further improved, the net-shaped hanging pieces surround the water bodies around the lake reservoir dredging area in an annular arrangement mode, the arrangement layer number of the net-shaped hanging pieces is at least one layer, and the spacing distance is 1.0-6.0 m.
The device for reducing the pollution of the lake reservoir dredging to the peripheral water body is further improved, the net-shaped hanging pieces are arranged around the surrounding water body of the lake reservoir dredging area in a radial arrangement mode, the spacing distance between one ends, close to the dredging position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces is 1.0-3.0 m, and the spacing distance between the ends, far away from the dredging position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces is 3.0-10.0 m.
The device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water is further improved, and the net-shaped hanging piece is a nylon net.
According to the device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water bodies, the improvement is further that the device further comprises the floating objects arranged on the water surface of the surrounding water body of the lake and reservoir desilting area, and the floating objects are connected to the upper parts of the net-shaped hanging pieces.
The device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water bodies is further improved, the number of the floaters is at least two, and the floaters are connected in series through ropes; the ropes are fixed on fixing piles on two sides of the lake reservoir and span over the lake reservoir or are fixed in water through anchors.
The device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to peripheral water is further improved, wherein the floating object is at least one of a buoy, a floating pipe and a floating ball; the rope is a cable and/or a nylon rope.
The device for reducing the pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to the surrounding water body is further improved, and the lower part of the net-shaped hanging piece is provided with the net drop; the net-shaped hanging piece is also connected with an anchor for fixing the net-shaped hanging piece in a water body; the mesh bags are detachably hung on two sides of the mesh-shaped hanging piece and are symmetrically arranged; the projection area of the mesh bag on the mesh-shaped hanging piece 2 accounts for 5% -25% of the plane area of the mesh-shaped hanging piece; the mesh diameter of the mesh bag is 0.1 mm-2.0 mm.
In a further improvement of the above apparatus for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water, the preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, performing acid treatment and alkali treatment on the biochar;
s2, placing the biochar obtained in the step S1 in a modification solution for ultrasonic oscillation to obtain modified biochar; the modified solution is at least one of an aluminum salt solution, an iron salt solution and an aluminum-iron salt solution.
In step S1, the acid treatment and the alkali treatment of the biochar are as follows:
s1-1, washing the biochar by using an acid solution for 1-6 h; the acid solution is at least one of hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution and nitric acid solution; the concentration of the acid solution is 0.5-2.5 mol/L; the preparation of the biochar comprises the following steps: pyrolyzing the biomass material under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, and crushing the obtained product into particles with the particle size of 2.0-5.0 mm to obtain biochar; the biomass material is at least one of agricultural straws, livestock and poultry manure, branches and leaves of forest and grass, wood chips and activated sludge;
s1-2, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-1 by water;
s1-3, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-2 by using an alkali solution for 1-6 hours; the alkali solution is at least one of a sodium hydroxide solution and a potassium hydroxide solution; the concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5-2.5 mol/L;
s1-4, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-3 with water.
In the above device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to surrounding water bodies, it is further improved that in step S2, the time of ultrasonic oscillation is 1h to 4 h; the saturation of the modified solution is more than or equal to 80 percent; the aluminum salt solution is at least one of aluminum chloride solution, aluminum sulfate solution and polyaluminum salt solution; the polyaluminium salt solution is polyaluminium chloride solution and/or polyaluminium sulfate solution; the ferric salt solution is at least one of ferric chloride solution, ferrous chloride solution, ferric sulfate solution, ferrous sulfate solution or polymeric ferric salt solution; the polyferric salt solution is at least one of a polyferric chloride solution, a polyferric sulfate solution, a polyferric ferrous solution and a polyferric chloride sulfate solution; the aluminum ferrite solution is polymeric aluminum ferrite solution; the polyaluminum ferric salt solution is polyaluminum ferric chloride solution and/or polyaluminum ferric sulfate chloride solution.
As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a method for reducing the pollution of the lake and reservoir desilting to the surrounding water body, and the method adopts the device to carry out in-situ treatment on the pollution of the surrounding water body caused by the lake and reservoir desilting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention provides a device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting on peripheral water bodies, which comprises a net-shaped hanging piece used for surrounding the water bodies around a lake and reservoir desilting area; the net-shaped hanging piece is hung with a plurality of net bags, and modified biological carbon is filled in the net bags, wherein the modified biological carbon is prepared by the biological carbon after acid treatment, alkali treatment and metal salt modification. The modified biochar has the advantages of high metal ion loading, good adsorption performance and the like, has a good adsorption effect on various pollutants (particularly phosphorus, nitrogen and organic pollutants), can be used for adsorbing pollutants in polluted water in the lake and reservoir desilting area by being hung on the net-shaped hanging piece and arranging the net-shaped hanging piece in the water around the lake and reservoir desilting area, effectively removes the pollutants generated in the desilting process, realizes in-situ treatment of the polluted water in the lake and reservoir desilting area, greatly improves the water quality of the water around the lake and reservoir desilting area, and reduces the pollution of the lake and reservoir desilting to the water around. Meanwhile, the modified biochar adopted by the invention is filled in the mesh bag, so that the recovery and the reutilization of the biochar are favorably realized, the recycling of the device disclosed by the invention can be realized, the treatment cost is favorably reduced, and meanwhile, the phenomenon that the added substances are remained in a water body to cause secondary pollution can be avoided. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water body can effectively improve the water quality of the surrounding water body of the sediment removal area of the lake sediment, thereby effectively reducing the influence of the lake sediment on the water quality of the surrounding water body, and having high use value and good application prospect.
(2) In the preparation method of the modified biochar, the biochar is subjected to acid treatment and alkali treatment, ash in pores of the biochar is washed away, the porosity is increased, the adsorption capacity and the cation (including metal ions) loading capacity of the biochar are favorably increased, the biochar subjected to the acid and alkali treatment is placed in a modification solution (at least one of an aluminum salt solution, an iron salt solution and an aluminum-iron salt solution), so that metal ions such as aluminum iron and the like are loaded in the biochar, the pollutant adsorption capacity of the biochar is increased, the metal ions are loaded in ultrasonic oscillation, the metal ion loading capacity can be further increased, the metal ion loading capacity in the biochar is obviously increased, the adsorption performance of the biochar is further improved, and the modified biochar with better adsorption effect on various pollutants (such as phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matters and the like) is finally prepared, solves the problem that the adsorption function of the biochar is reduced due to the fact that the reactions such as replacement, precipitation, desorption and the like of the metal ions loaded firstly are caused by the fact that the metal ions are loaded firstly and then activated by acid or alkali in the existing preparation method of the modified biochar. The modified biochar prepared by the preparation method has the advantages of high metal ion loading, good adsorption performance and the like, can be widely used for adsorbing pollutants (such as phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matters and the like) in the environment, can realize high-efficiency adsorption of the pollutants (such as phosphorus, nitrogen, organic matters and the like) in a water body, can be continuously used for adsorbing the pollutants after being subjected to simple activation treatment, and has high use value and application prospect; meanwhile, the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, convenience in operation, readily available raw materials, low cost and the like, can realize large-scale preparation, is suitable for industrial production, and is beneficial to popularization and application of the modified biochar.
(3) In the preparation method of the modified biochar, the ultrasonic oscillation time is optimized to be 1-4 h, and the loading capacity of metal ions can be further improved on the premise of ensuring lower preparation cost, because the ultrasonic oscillation time has an important influence on the loading of the metal ions, if the ultrasonic oscillation time is too short, sufficient metal ions are difficult to load in the biochar, so that the modified biochar has poor adsorption performance, and the ultrasonic oscillation time is too long, so that the loading capacity of the metal ions cannot be obviously increased due to the limitation of active sites of the biochar, and on the contrary, the too long oscillation time increases the production cost and time, so that the preparation cost is higher.
(4) In the preparation method of the modified biochar, the saturation degree of the modified solution is optimized to be more than or equal to 80%, so that the loading capacity of metal ions on the biochar is improved.
(5) In the preparation method of the modified biochar, the biochar is prepared from biomass materials rich in biomass, such as agricultural straws, livestock and poultry manure, forest and grass branches and leaves, wood chips, activated sludge and the like, so that the resource utilization of the biomass materials, such as the agricultural straws, the livestock and poultry manure, the forest and grass branches and leaves, the wood chips, the activated sludge and the like, is realized, and the modified biochar has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost and the like.
(6) The invention provides a method for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies, which can effectively remove various pollutants (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants) in the water bodies by arranging the net-shaped hanging pieces in the device in the surrounding water bodies of the sediment removal area of the lake sediment, has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, low cost, good treatment effect and the like, and has very important significance for effectively reducing the pollution of the lake sediment to the surrounding water bodies.
Drawings
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting on surrounding water in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic layout view of a ring layout manner in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic layout diagram of a radial layout manner in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a float; 2. a net-shaped hanging piece; 3. a net drop; 4. a mesh bag; 5. a rope; 6. a lake and reservoir desilting area.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an apparatus for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies comprises a net-shaped hanger 2 for surrounding the sediment area of the lake sediment in the water body; the net-shaped hanger 2 is hung with a plurality of net bags 4, and the net bags 4 are filled with modified biochar, wherein the modified biochar is prepared by carrying out acid treatment, alkali treatment and iron-aluminum salt modification on the biochar.
In the embodiment, the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 are annularly arranged in the water around the desilting area of the lake and reservoir, the arrangement layers of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 are 5, and the spacing distance is 3.0 m; the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is a nylon net.
According to the invention, the adopted net-shaped hanging piece can be tightened when not in use, so that the hanging piece is convenient to store; when the device is used, the net-shaped hanging piece can be opened into a surface shape and surrounds the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area, so that the treatment area of the device can be enlarged, and the improvement of the treatment effect and the treatment efficiency is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water bodies further comprises floaters 1 arranged on the water surface of the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area, and the floaters 1 are connected to the upper parts of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2.
In this embodiment, the number of the floaters 1 is at least two, and the floaters 1 can be properly adjusted according to the actual processing condition, and are set to be one at intervals of 5m, and the floaters 1 are connected in series through the rope 5. The rope 5 is anchored in the water by means of an anchor. In the invention, floaters 1 are connected to the upper part of a net-shaped hanging piece 2, and the floaters 1 are connected in series through ropes fixed in water in lakes and reservoirs.
In this embodiment, the floater 1 is a floating ball, and may be a buoy or a floating pipe; the rope 5 is a cable rope and can also be a nylon rope.
In this embodiment, the net weight 3 (commercially available fishing net weight) is arranged at the lower part of the net-shaped hanger 2 and is used for spreading the net-shaped hanger in the water body, which brings about the advantage of ensuring that the net-shaped hanger is always in an unfolded state in the water, thereby ensuring that the net bags filled with the biochar are uniformly distributed on the cross section of the net-shaped hanger.
In this embodiment, the mesh-shaped hanger 2 is further connected with an anchor for fixing the mesh-shaped hanger 2 in a water body; in the invention, the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is fixed in the water body by utilizing the fixing function of the anchor, and the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is also favorable for being spread in the water body.
In the embodiment, the mesh bags 4 are detachably hung on two sides of the mesh-shaped hanging piece 2 and are symmetrically arranged; the number of the mesh bags 4 can be selected according to the depth and the pollution condition of the water around the actual lake and reservoir desilting area. In this embodiment, the projected area of the mesh bag 4 on the mesh-shaped hanger 2 accounts for 10% of the planar area of the mesh-shaped hanger 2. In the invention, the mesh bag is detachably hung on the cross part of the net-shaped hanging piece through the hook, so that the modified biochar is favorably and reasonably and uniformly distributed in the water around the desilting area of the lake and the reservoir, and the improvement on the treatment effect and the treatment efficiency is favorably realized.
In this embodiment, the mesh diameter of the mesh bag 4 is 1.0 mm. According to the invention, the mesh bag with the mesh diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm is adopted, so that the modified biochar is filled in the mesh bag on the premise of ensuring effective contact of the modified biochar with pollutants in the polluted water in the lake and reservoir desilting area, the quantity of the modified biochar entering the water around the lake and reservoir desilting area can be reduced, and secondary pollution caused by the fact that the modified biochar adsorbing the pollutants enters the water again is avoided.
In this embodiment, the preparation method of the modified biochar includes the following steps:
(1) preparing the biochar:
heating the corn straws to 300 ℃ under the anoxic condition for pyrolysis for 2 hours, and crushing the corn straws into particles with the particle size of 2.0-5.0 mm to obtain the biochar.
(2) Performing acid treatment and alkali treatment on the biochar:
(2.1) washing the biochar prepared in the step (1) by using 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for 2 hours.
And (2.2) washing the biochar obtained in the step (2.1) by adopting water for 20 min.
And (2.3) washing the biochar obtained in the step (2.2) by using 1.0mol/L sodium hydroxide solution for 2 hours.
And (2.4) washing the biochar obtained in the step (2.3) by adopting water for 20 min.
(3) Modifying the biochar after acid-base treatment:
and (3) placing the biochar obtained in the step (2) in a polyaluminum ferric chloride solution with the saturation of 85%, and performing ultrasonic oscillation for 2 hours to obtain the modified biochar.
A method for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies by using the device in embodiment 1, which is implemented by using the device in embodiment 1 to perform in-situ treatment on pollution of surrounding water bodies caused by lake sediment removal, includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 2, the mesh-shaped hanging member 2 in the device of the embodiment 1 is opened to form a surface shape, and is annularly arranged around the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area to be fixed, so as to complete the in-situ treatment of the pollution of the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area.
In order to compare the treatment effect of the device, other biochar materials (such as comparative examples 1-3) are prepared to replace the modified biochar in the invention, so that the device with different biochar materials is manufactured; meanwhile, under the same condition, the devices which are hung with different biochar materials are used for carrying out in-situ treatment on the water body in the lake and the reservoir.
Comparative example 1: example 1 biochar prepared in step (2.2).
Comparative example 2: the biochar prepared in the step (1) of the example 1 is directly soaked in a polyaluminum ferric chloride solution with the saturation of 85 percent for 30min, and is subjected to ultrasonic treatment at 3MPa for 2h, centrifugation and firing at 300 ℃ for 2h to obtain the biochar.
Comparative example 3: the biochar prepared in the step (1) of the example 1 is directly soaked in a polyaluminum ferric chloride solution with the saturation of 85%, soaked for 30min, ultrasonically treated at 3MPa for 2h, centrifuged, fired at 300 ℃ for 2h, and washed with a hydrochloric acid solution of 1.0mol/L for 2h to obtain the biochar.
Blank group: and detecting the water quality change under natural conditions in a research area without arranging any facilities.
The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand were measured by sampling the periphery of the desilting area and the apparatus layout area of the present invention, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 treatment of the surrounding waters of desilting lakes and reservoirs by different devices in example 1
As can be seen from Table 1, in example 1, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the water body around the lake-reservoir desilting area treated by the device with the modified biochar suspended thereon are respectively reduced to 1.44mg/L, 0.10mg/L and 29mg/L, which reach the IV-class water standard of the surface water environment quality standard, and the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body around the lake-reservoir desilting area is increased to 3.12 mg/L; the device hung with other biochar materials cannot effectively reduce the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants in the polluted water body of the lake and reservoir desilting area, and the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area is still higher after the device is treated by the device, so that the device does not reach the surface water environment quality standard IV-class water standard. Therefore, in the device hung with the modified biochar in embodiment 1 of the invention, by utilizing the high-efficiency adsorbability of the modified biochar to various pollutants (particularly phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matters), the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants in the water body at the dredging position can be adsorbed and fixed in the modified biochar, so that the pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants in the polluted water body of the lake and reservoir dredging area can be effectively removed, the in-situ treatment of the polluted water body of the lake and reservoir dredging area is realized, the water quality of the water body around the lake and reservoir dredging area is greatly improved, and the pollution of the lake and reservoir dredging to the surrounding water body is reduced. Therefore, when the device disclosed by the invention is used for treating the water body at the dredging position in situ, the net-shaped hanging pieces in the device are arranged in an annular arrangement mode to surround the water body around the dredging area of the lake reservoir, so that various pollutants (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants) in the polluted water body of the dredging area of the lake reservoir can be effectively removed, and therefore, the polluted water body of the dredging area of the lake reservoir is effectively treated.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1 and 3, an apparatus for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies comprises a net-shaped hanger 2 for surrounding the sediment area of the lake sediment in the water body; the net-shaped hanger 2 is hung with a plurality of net bags 4, and the net bags 4 are filled with modified biochar, wherein the modified biochar is prepared by carrying out acid treatment, alkali treatment and iron-aluminum salt modification on the biochar.
In the embodiment, the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 are arranged in a radial manner to surround the water body around the desilting area of the lake and reservoir, the spacing distance between the ends, close to the desilting position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 is 2.0m, the spacing distance between the ends, far away from the desilting position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 is 6.0m, and the number of rows of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2 is 100; the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is a nylon net.
According to the invention, the adopted net-shaped hanging piece can be tightened when not in use, so that the hanging piece is convenient to store; when the device is used, the net-shaped hanging piece can be opened into a surface shape and surrounds the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area, so that the treatment area of the device can be enlarged, and the improvement of the treatment effect and the treatment efficiency is facilitated.
In this embodiment, the device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to surrounding water bodies further comprises floaters 1 arranged on the water surface of the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area, and the floaters 1 are connected to the upper parts of the net-shaped hanging pieces 2.
In this embodiment, the number of the floaters 1 is at least two, which can be properly adjusted according to the actual processing condition, and one is set at intervals of 5m, and the floaters 1 are connected in series through ropes 5; the rope 5 is anchored in the water by means of an anchor. In the invention, floaters 1 are connected to the upper part of a net-shaped hanging piece 2, and the floaters 1 are connected in series through ropes fixed in water in lakes and reservoirs.
In this embodiment, the floater 1 is a floating ball, and may be a buoy or a floating pipe; the rope 5 is a cable rope and can also be a nylon rope.
In this embodiment, the net weight 3 (commercially available fishing net weight) is arranged at the lower part of the net-shaped hanger 2 and is used for spreading the net-shaped hanger in the water body, which brings about the advantage of ensuring that the net-shaped hanger is always in an unfolded state in the water, thereby ensuring that the net bags filled with the biochar are uniformly distributed on the cross section of the net-shaped hanger.
In this embodiment, the mesh-shaped hanger 2 is further connected with an anchor for fixing the mesh-shaped hanger 2 in a water body; in the invention, the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is fixed in the water body by utilizing the fixing function of the anchor, and the net-shaped hanging piece 2 is also favorable for being spread in the water body.
In the embodiment, the mesh bags 4 are detachably hung on two sides of the mesh-shaped hanging piece 2 and are symmetrically arranged; the number of the mesh bags 4 can be selected according to the depth and the pollution condition of the water around the actual lake and reservoir desilting area. In this embodiment, the projected area of the mesh bag 4 occupies 10% of the planar area of the mesh suspension member 2. In the invention, the mesh bag is detachably hung on the cross part of the net-shaped hanging piece through the hook, so that the modified biochar is favorably and reasonably and uniformly distributed in the water around the desilting area of the lake and the reservoir, and the improvement on the treatment effect and the treatment efficiency is favorably realized.
In this embodiment, the mesh diameter of the mesh bag 4 is 1.0 mm. According to the invention, the mesh bag with the mesh diameter of 0.1-2.0 mm is adopted, so that the modified biochar is filled in the mesh bag on the premise of ensuring that the modified biochar is effectively contacted with pollutants in the polluted water in the lake and reservoir desilting area, the quantity of the modified biochar entering the water around the lake and reservoir desilting area can be reduced, and the secondary pollution caused by the fact that the modified biochar adsorbing the pollutants enters the water again is avoided.
In this example, the preparation method of the modified biochar used was: same as in example 1.
A method for reducing pollution of lake sediment to surrounding water bodies by using the device in embodiment 2, which is implemented by using the device in embodiment 2 to carry out in-situ treatment on the pollution of the surrounding water bodies caused by lake sediment removal, includes the following steps:
as shown in fig. 3, the mesh-shaped hanging member 2 in the device of the embodiment 2 is opened to form a surface shape, and is fixed around the surrounding water body of the lake and reservoir desilting area in a radial arrangement mode, so as to complete the in-situ treatment of the pollution of the surrounding water body caused by the lake and reservoir desilting.
In order to compare the treatment effect of the device, other biochar materials (such as comparative examples 1-3) are prepared to replace the modified biochar in the invention, so that the device with different biochar materials is manufactured; meanwhile, under the same condition, the devices which are hung with different biochar materials are used for carrying out in-situ treatment on the water body in the lake and the reservoir.
The total nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand were measured by sampling in the desilting zone and the periphery of the apparatus layout zone of the present invention, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 treatment effect of different devices on water around desilting lakes and reservoirs in example 2
As can be seen from Table 2, in example 2, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the water around the lake-reservoir desilting area treated by the device with the modified biochar suspended thereon are respectively reduced to 1.47mg/L, 0.09mg/L and 27mg/L, which reach the IV-class water standard of the surface water environment quality standard, and the content of dissolved oxygen in the water around the lake-reservoir desilting area is increased to 3.18 mg/L; the device hung with other biochar materials cannot effectively reduce the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants in the polluted water body of the lake and reservoir desilting area, and the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand in the water body around the lake and reservoir desilting area is still higher after the device is treated by the device, so that the device does not reach the surface water environment quality standard IV-class water standard. Therefore, when the device is used for treating the water body at the dredging position in situ, the net-shaped hanging pieces in the device surround the water body around the dredging area of the lake reservoir in a radial arrangement mode, so that various pollutants (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants) in the polluted water body of the dredging area of the lake reservoir can be effectively removed, the polluted water body of the dredging area of the lake reservoir is effectively treated, and the device has very important significance for effectively treating the pollution of the surrounding water body caused by the dredging of the lake reservoir and reducing the pollution of the dredging of the lake reservoir to the water body of the surrounding area.
The above examples are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. All technical schemes belonging to the idea of the invention belong to the protection scope of the invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and such modifications and embellishments should also be considered as within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for reducing pollution of lake sediment to peripheral water bodies is characterized by comprising a reticular hanging member (2) used for surrounding the water bodies around the sediment removal area of the lake sediment; a plurality of mesh bags (4) are hung on the mesh-shaped hanging piece (2), and modified biochar is filled in the mesh bags (4); the modified biochar is prepared by carrying out acid treatment, alkali treatment and metal salt modification on biochar.
2. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water body by the sediment removal according to claim 1, wherein the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) are annularly arranged around the surrounding water body of the sediment removal area of the lake sediment, the arrangement layer number of the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) is at least one layer, and the spacing distance is 1.0-6.0 m;
or the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) are arranged in a radial mode to surround the water body around the lake and reservoir dredging area, the spacing distance between one ends, close to the dredging position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) is 1.0-3.0 m, and the spacing distance between one ends, far away from the dredging position, of the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) is 3.0-10.0 m.
3. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water body according to claim 2, wherein the net-shaped hanging pieces (2) are nylon nets.
4. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water body by sediment removal according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the device further comprises floaters (1) arranged on the water surface of the surrounding water body of the sediment removal area of the lake sediment, and the floaters (1) are connected to the upper parts of the net-shaped hanging pieces (2).
5. The device for reducing the pollution of lake and reservoir desilting to the surrounding water bodies according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of the floaters (1) is at least two, and the floaters (1) are connected in series through a rope (5); the ropes (5) are fixed on fixing piles on two sides of the lake reservoir and span over the lake reservoir or are fixed in water through anchors.
6. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water body according to claim 5, wherein the floating objects (1) are at least one of floating cylinders, floating pipes and floating balls; the rope (5) is a cable and/or a nylon rope.
7. The device for reducing the pollution of lake sediment to the surrounding water bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lower part of the net-shaped hanging piece (2) is provided with a net drop (3); the net-shaped hanging piece (2) is also connected with an anchor for fixing the net-shaped hanging piece (2) in a water body; the mesh bags (4) are detachably hung on two sides of the mesh-shaped hanging piece (2) and are symmetrically arranged; the projection area of the mesh bag (4) on the mesh pendant 2 accounts for 5-25% of the plane area of the mesh pendant (2); the mesh diameter of the mesh bag (4) is 0.1 mm-2.0 mm.
8. The device for reducing pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to surrounding water bodies according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the preparation method of the modified biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, performing acid treatment and alkali treatment on the biochar;
s2, placing the biochar obtained in the step S1 in a modification solution for ultrasonic oscillation to obtain modified biochar; the modified solution is at least one of an aluminum salt solution, an iron salt solution and an aluminum-iron salt solution.
9. The apparatus for reducing the pollution of lake and reservoir dredging to the surrounding water bodies according to claim 8, wherein in the step S1, the acid treatment and the alkali treatment of the biochar are as follows:
s1-1, washing the biochar by using an acid solution for 1-6 h; the acid solution is at least one of hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution and nitric acid solution; the concentration of the acid solution is 0.5-2.5 mol/L; the preparation of the biochar comprises the following steps: pyrolyzing the biomass material under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, and crushing the obtained product into particles with the particle size of 2.0-5.0 mm to obtain biochar; the biomass material is at least one of agricultural straws, livestock and poultry manure, branches and leaves of forest and grass, wood chips and activated sludge;
s1-2, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-1 by water;
s1-3, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-2 by using an alkali solution for 1-6 hours; the alkali solution is at least one of a sodium hydroxide solution and a potassium hydroxide solution; the concentration of the alkali solution is 0.5-2.5 mol/L;
s1-4, washing the biochar obtained in the step S1-3 by water;
in the step S2, the ultrasonic oscillation time is 1-4 h; the saturation of the modified solution is more than or equal to 80 percent; the aluminum salt solution is at least one of aluminum chloride solution, aluminum sulfate solution and polyaluminum salt solution; the polyaluminium salt solution is polyaluminium chloride solution and/or polyaluminium sulfate solution; the ferric salt solution is at least one of ferric chloride solution, ferrous chloride solution, ferric sulfate solution, ferrous sulfate solution or polymeric ferric salt solution; the polyferric salt solution is at least one of a polyferric chloride solution, a polyferric sulfate solution, a polyferric ferrous solution and a polyferric chloride sulfate solution; the aluminum ferrite solution is polymeric aluminum ferrite solution; the polyaluminum ferric salt solution is polyaluminum ferric chloride solution and/or polyaluminum ferric sulfate chloride solution.
10. A method for reducing pollution of surrounding water caused by lake and reservoir dredging, which is characterized in that the method is used for carrying out in-situ treatment on the pollution of the surrounding water caused by the lake and reservoir dredging by adopting the device of any one of claims 1-9.
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